Variation rules of main secondary metabolites in Hedysari Radix before and after rubbing strip / 中成药

AIM To investigate the variation rules of main secondary metabolites in Hedysari Radix before and after rubbing strip.METHODS UPLC-MS/MS was adopted in the content determination of formononetin,ononin,calycosin,calycosin-7-glucoside,medicarpin,genistein,luteolin,liquiritigenin,isoliquiritigenin,vanillic acid,ferulic acid,γ-aminobutyric acid,adenosine and betaine,after which cluster analysis,principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis were used for chemical pattern recognition to explore differential components.RESULTS After rubbing strip,formononetin,calycosin,liquiritigenin and γ-aminobutynic acid demonstrated increased contents,along with decreased contents of ononin,calycosin-7-glucoside and vanillic acid.The samples with and without rubbing strip were clustered into two types,calycosin-7-glucoside,formononetin,γ-aminobutynic acid,vanillic acid,calycosin-7-glucoside and formononetin were differential components.CONCLUSION This experiment clarifies the differences of chemical constituents in Hedysari Radix before and after rubbing strip,which can provide a reference for the research on rubbing strip mechanism of other medicinal materials.

MaxEnt model-ArcGIS-based evaluation of habitat suitability of Hedysari Radix / 中成药

AIM To evaluate the habitat suitability of Hedysari Radix based on MaxEnt model and ArcGIS.METHODS Using the MaxEnt model to screen the ecological factors affecting the distribution of Hedysari Radix,an evaluation model was thus established.ArcGIS software was used to evaluate the ecological suitability of Hedysari Radix to obtain the data about the highly suitable area,the moderate suitable area,the low suitable area and non-suitable area for its growth in China.RESULTS Hedysari Radix found its 1.29×106 km2 suitable area in China,among which the highly suitable area was 5×104 km2,mainly in Gansu Province,the moderately suitable area was 3.38×105 km2,and the low-suitable area was 9×105 km2,occupying 4.03%,26.20%and 69.77%of all,respectively.The main ecological factors affecting the distribution of Hedysari Radix were determined to be altitude,precipitation in the hottest quarter,solar radiation in September and December,seasonal temperature variation deviation and basic saturation of upper soil(0-30 cm).CONCLUSION With its result complying well with the literature records,this study provides theoretical basis for the introduction and cultivation of Hedysari Radix,and sustainable utilization of resources as well.

Sustainable removal of soil arsenic by naturally-formed iron oxides on plastic tubes.

Arsenic (As) pollution in paddy fields is a major threat to rice safety. Existing As remediation techniques are costly, require external chemical addition and degrade soil properties. Here, we report the use of plastic tubes as a recyclable tool to precisely extract As from contaminated soils. Following insertion into flooded paddy soils, polyethylene tube walls were covered by thin but massive Fe coatings of 76.9-367 mg Fe m-2 in 2 weeks, which adsorbed significant amounts of As. The formation of tube-wall Fe oxides was driven by local Fe-oxidizing bacteria with oxygen produced by oxygenic phototrophs (e.g., Cyanobacteria) or diffused from air through the tube wall. The tubes with As-bound Fe oxides can be easily separated from soil and then washed and reused. We tested the As removal efficiency in a pot experiment to remove As from ~ 20 cm depth/40 kg soils in a 2-year experiment and achieved an overall removal efficiency of 152 mg As m-2 soil year-1, comparable to phytoremediation with the As hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata. The cost of Fe hooks was estimated at 8325 RMB ha-1 year-1, and the profit of growing rice (around 16080 RMB ha-1 year-1 can be still maintained. The As accumulated in rice tissues was markedly decreased in the treatment (>11.1 %). This work provides a low-cost and sustainable soil remediation method for the targeted removal of As from soils and a useful tool for the study and management of the biogeochemical Fe cycle in paddy soils.

Study on history of processing and drying of Angelicae sinensis / 中国中药杂志

Angelicae sinensis Radix( ASR) is a commonly used medicinal material in Chinese medicine,widely used in clinical practice of Chinese medicine,Gansu province is the genuine production area of ASR. This paper studies the evolution law of drying method of ASR,the results showed that drying process was the key affection of the medicinal properties and quality of ASR,and it was an important reflection of the authentic properties of ASR. The drying history of ASR has gradually changed from the earliest shade drying to various drying methods. The Chinese Pharmacopoeia stipulates that the drying method of ASR is"fumigation drying",and the traditional drying method can not meet the processing needs of the origin. In recent years,the new drying methods and drying effects on the quality of ASR are more.

Comprehensive Evaluation of Quality of Hemerocallis Flava from Different Regions Based on Entropy TOPSIS Model Optimized by AHP Method / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To optimize the entropy TOPSIS model to evaluate the quality of Hemerocallis Flava from different regions,in order to provide a new evaluation method for the quality control of traditional Chinese medicine. Method:The entropy weight TOPSIS model optimized by analytic hierarchy process(AHP) method was used to analyze the quality of Hemerocallis Flava from 14 different regions, and a comprehensive evaluation index system for the quality of Hemerocallis Flava, which covered 3 layers (target layer,decision layer and index layer),and 10 indexes (corolla of Hemerocallis Flavathe's bud,pistils,stamens,peduncle length,extract,total ash,quercetin,β-rhamnocitrin,kaempferol,sitosterin) was established. Result:Qingyang showed the best quality of Hemerocallis Flava,which was followed by Weinan,and the lowest quality was found in Datong, Shanxi, and Xiaowan village, Sichuan. The results were consistent with the evaluation results of traditional empirical identification,suggesting the successful modeling. The contents of β-rhamnocitrin and kaempferol in Qingyang were 1.72 times and 2.74 times of those of Xiaowan village, Sichuan. There was no significant difference in other active ingredients from different regions. It was suggested that quercetin and kaempferol could be used as the identification and quality evaluation indexes of cauliflower. Conclusion:The entropy TOPSIS model based on the AHP method is clear,simple to use and easy to calculate, with distinct evaluation indexes. It is a practical,quick and effective comprehensive evaluation method for multi-objective decision analysis.

Study on low temperature moisture regain drying characteristics of different grades of Angelicae Sinensis Radix based on Weibull distribution function / 中国中药杂志

The drying process of different grades of Angelicae Sinensis Radix under low temperature and resurgence conditions was simulated based on the Weibull distribution function,in order to clarify the low-temperature moisture regain drying characteristics of different grades of Angelicae Sinensis Radix,and explore the effect of grade and drying conditions on the drying process of Angelicae Sinensis Radix. Research results indicated that the Weibull function can be used to simulate different grades of Angelicae Sinensis Radix low-temperature moisture regain drying process,and the lower the drying temperature,the smaller the grade,and the better the simulation effect. The grade and drying temperature showed a significant effect on the low-temperature moisture regain drying process of Angelicae Sinensis Radix,and the effect of temperature on the relative moisture regain rate of Angelicae Sinensis Radix was greater than the grade. The relative moisture regain rate of different grades of Angelicae Sinensis Radix at 40 ℃ was higher than 55 ℃,and the relative moisture regain rate at 40 ℃ was first class > second class > third class. After drying,the moisture ratio at 40 ℃ was lower than that at 55 ℃; the effect of the grade on the effective diffusion coefficient of dry water was greater than the temperature. Under different conditions of 40 ℃ and 55 ℃ moisture regain,the effective diffusion coefficient of water was between 2. 941 6×10-6-7. 991 5×10-6 and3. 093 8×10-6-8. 483 8×10-6 for different grades. Under the same temperature conditions,the effective diffusion coefficient of water was first class > second class > third class. Therefore,Weibull function can be used to study and simulate the drying characteristics of different grades of Angelicae Sinensis Radix under low-temperature moisture regain conditions,providing experimental basis for the improvement of traditional drying technology of Angelicae Sinensis Radix and the optimization of drying process of different specifications or grades of Angelicae Sinensis Radix.

Spatial epidemiological study on malaria epidemics in Hainan province / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To better understand the characteristics of spatial distribution of malaria epidemics in Hainan province and to explore the relationship between malaria epidemics and environmental factors, as well to develop prediction model on malaria epidemics. Methods Data on Malaria and meteorological factors were collected in all 19 counties in Hainan province from May to Oct. , 2000, and the proportion of land use types of these counties in this period were extracted from digital map of land use in Hainan province. Land surface temperatures (LST)were extracted from MODIS images and elevations of these counties were extracted from DEM of Hainan province. The coefficients of correlation of malaria incidences and these environmental factors were then calculated with SPSS 13.0, and negative binomial regression analysis were done using SAS 9.0. Results The incidence of malaria showed (1) positive correlations to elevation, proportion of forest land area and grassland area; (2) negative correlations to the proportion of cultivated area, urban and rural residents and to industrial enterprise area, LST; (3) no correlations to meteorological factors, proportion of water area, and unemployed land area. The prediction model of malaria which came from negative binomial regression analysis was: Ⅰ(monthly, unit:1/1 000 000) = exp( - 1. 672 - 0. 399 × LST). Conclusion Spatial distribution of malaria epidemics was associated with some environmental factors, and prediction model of malaria epidemic could be developed with indexes which extracted from satellite remote sensing images.

Studies on the spatial distribution and environmental factors of highly pathogenic avian influenza in Mainland China, using geographic information system technology / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the spatial distribution of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) and to explore environmental factors associated with HPAI using geographic information system (GIS) techniques in Mainland China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Databases were set up using the information of HPAI during epidemics in 2004, and linked to digital maps at provincial and county administrative layers in the country through the ArcGIS 8.3 software. Spatial cluster analyses, spatial statistics analyses and tracking analyses on epidemic situation of HPAI were implemented. Environmental factors associated with HPAI were also analyzed on data related to weather, vegetation and migratory birds etc.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Findings from spatial cluster analyses showed that high incidence area was centralized in 113.261 degrees ordm; east longitude and 23. 119 degrees ordm; north latitude with a radius of 1090.52 kilometers (relative risk= 2.646, P value= 0.001). Spatial statistical analyses showed that HPAI took place mainly in capital cities of provinces and surrounding areas as well as in the circumference areas of arterial rivers, lakes and seacoasts. Results also showed that HPAI occurrences were associated with low air temperature, high relative humidity and high air pressure as well as with east & central migration routes of migratory birds. The average normalized difference vegetation index was 0.36 +/- 0.11 in epidemic areas of HPAI.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>HPAI was unrandomly distributed and geographically clustered in China.</p>

Using geographic information system to study on the association between epidemic areas and main animal hosts of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in China / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the association between types of epidemic areas and proportion of main animal hosts of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Data on serotype of HFRS patients from 122 regions and species as well as number of animal hosts from 41 national surveillance sites were collected and managed. The map of the types of epidemic areas from 1991-1999 in China was produced using inverse distance weighted technique in the ArcGIS 8.1 software. The map of the proportion of host animals was then overlapped on it and the surveillance sites of HFRS were clustered in terms of the proportion of host animals.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Variance in spatial distribution of the types of epidemic areas was observed. Two epidemic area types, namely Hantaan-dominant mixed epidemic areas and Soul-dominant mixed epidemic areas seemed to have transferred from the north-east to south-west of China in turns. There were more species of HFRS animal hosts in fields than those of in residential areas. The diversity of rodent species in fields was higher than that of the residential areas which predominant harbored rodent species of 2-3 kinds. Types of surveillance sites classified by cluster analysis of proportion of main animal hosts were consistent with the serotypes of HFRS patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Through employment of spatial analysis technique based on GIS databases, the HFRS types of main epidemic area in China could be well predicted by surveillance data.</p>