Comparative analysis of single cell lung atlas of bat, cat, tiger and pangolin

Horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus sinicus) might help maintain coronaviruses severely affecting human health, such as SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. It has long been suggested that bats may be more tolerant of viral infection than other mammals due to their unique immune system, but the exact mechanism remains to be fully explored. During the COVID-19 pandemic, multiple animal species were diseased by SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially in the respiratory system. Herein, single-cell transcriptomic data of the lungs of a horseshoe bat, a cat, a tiger, and a pangolin were generated. The receptor distribution of twenty-eight respiratory viruses belonging to fourteen viral families were characterized for the four species. Comparison on the immune-related transcripts further revealed limited cytokine activations in bats, which might explain the reason why bats experienced only mild diseases or even no symptoms upon virus infection. Our findings might increase our understanding of the immune background of horseshoe bats and their insensitivity to virus infections.

Screening of cell-virus, cell-cell, gene-gene interactions among kingdoms of life at single cell resolution

The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) issued a significant and urgent threat to global health. The exact animal origin of SARS-CoV-2 remains obscure and understanding its host range is vital for preventing interspecies transmission. Previously, we have assessed the target cell profiles of SARS-CoV-2 in pets, livestock, poultry and wild animals. Herein, we expand this investigation to a wider range of animal species and viruses to provide a comprehensive source for large-scale screening of potential virus hosts. Single cell atlas for several mammalian species (alpaca, hamster, hedgehog, chinchilla etc.), as well as comparative atlas for lung, brain and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) for various lineages of animals were constructed, from which we systemically analyzed the virus entry factors for 113 viruses over 20 species from mammalians, birds, reptiles, amphibians and invertebrates. Conserved cellular connectomes and regulomes were also identified, revealing the fundamental cell-cell and gene-gene cross-talks between these species. Overall, our study could help identify the potential host range and tissue tropism of SARS-CoV-2 and a diverse set of viruses and reveal the host-virus co-evolution footprints.

Single-cell screening of SARS-CoV-2 target cells in pets, livestock, poultry and wildlife

A few animals have been suspected to be intermediate hosts of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, a large-scale single-cell screening of SARS-CoV-2 target cells on a wide variety of animals is missing. Here, we constructed the single-cell atlas for 11 representative species in pets, livestock, poultry, and wildlife. Notably, the proportion of SARS-CoV-2 target cells in cat was found considerably higher than other species we investigated and SARS-CoV-2 target cells were detected in multiple cell types of domestic pig, implying the necessity to carefully evaluate the risk of cats during the current COVID-19 pandemic and keep pigs under surveillance for the possibility of becoming intermediate hosts in future coronavirus outbreak. Furthermore, we screened the expression patterns of receptors for 144 viruses, resulting in a comprehensive atlas of virus target cells. Taken together, our work provides a novel and fundamental strategy to screen virus target cells and susceptible species, based on single-cell transcriptomes we generated for domesticated animals and wildlife, which could function as a valuable resource for controlling current pandemics and serve as an early warning system for coping with future infectious disease threats.

Effect of dexmedetomidine combined with sufentanil on postoperative analgesia and stress response in laparoscopic gastrectomy / 中国基层医药

Objective To study the effect of dexmedetomidine combined with sufentanil on postoperative analgesia and stress response in laparoscopic gastrectomy .Methods 80 patients with gastric cancer who underwent laparoscopic resection from March 2014 to March 2015 in Yiwu Central Hospital were selected as the subjects . According to draw method ,the patients were divided into the observation group and the control group ,with 40 patients in each group.All patients were treated with laparoscopic resection,midazolam,atropine sulfate,propofol,sufentanil citrate and rocuronium were used for anesthesia .The control group was given sufentanil analgesia after operation ,while the observation group was given dexmedetomidine combined with sufentanil .The awake time ,extubation time ,agitation rate,incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD),epinephrine(E),norepinephrine(NE),cortisol(Cor), oxygen saturation(SpO2),mean arterial pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),visual analogue scale(VAS) and changes of inflammatory factors in T0(before operation),T1(at the end of surgery),T2(extubation),T3(10 min after extuba-tion),T4(20 min after extubation) of the two groups were compared .Results There was no statistically significant differences between the two groups in awake time and extubation time (all P>0.05).The incidence rates of restless-ness and POCD in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (5.0％vs.25.0％, 7.5％vs.30.0％)(χ2 =6.275,6.646,all P<0.05).At T1,T2,T3 and T4,the E,NE and Cor levels in the two groups were significantly higher than those in T0(all P<0.05),the levels at T2 were the highest,then graduallydeclined ,the rising degree and maximum values of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group(all P<0.05).The elevated degree of MAP in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).At T1,T2,T3,HR in the control group significantly increased (all P<0.05),HR at T2 was the highest,at T4 droped.At T1,T2,T3 and T4,HR in the observation group all decreased ,which were lower than those in the control group(all P<0.05).Postoperative 4h,8h,24h,the VAS scores of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group [(4.30 ±0.50) points vs.(7.07 ±0.98) points,(4.01 ± 0.46) points vs.(6.28 ±0.90) points,(2.79 ±0.31) points vs.(4.27 ±0.60) points](t =15.924,14.204, 13.860,all P<0.05).The levels of TNF -α,IL-6 and IL-10 in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( all P <0.05 ).Conclusion Dexmedetomidine combined with sufentanil has significant analgesic effect in laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer .It can stabilize the hemodynamics , relieve stress reaction and regulate inflammatory factors ,and is beneficial to the recovery of the patients .

Dexmedetomidine Prevent Penile Erection after General Anesthesia Induction and Bladder Irritation during Recovery / 医学研究杂志

Objective To observe the preventive effect of dexmedetomidine on penile erection(PE) after general anesthesia induction and urinary bladder irritation during recovery(UBIR) with urethral catheterization in male patients.Methods A total of 1000 male patients with ASA grade Ⅰ ～ Ⅱ were randomly divided into control group(group C) and dexmedetomidine group (group D,n =500).Dexmedetomidine (1 μg/kg) was intravenous pumped in group D and saline was given in group C 15 minutes before anesthesia induction.Both groups started catheterization within 10 minutes after endotracheal intubation.The incidence and grade of PE before infusion(To),before induction(T1),before catheterization(T2) and during catheterization (T3) were observed.The degree and extent of UBIR were observed and recorded.Results The incidence and grade of PE at T3 time-point in group C were highest (Compared with T2 and other time-points,P ＜ 0.05),but there was no statistically differences in incidence and grade of PE in group D between at T3 and T2time points (P ＞ 0.05).The incidence of PE at T2 and T3 time-points were 4.0％ and 5.6％ in group D,which was significantly lower than those in group C (15.4％,77.8％,P＜0.05).The incidence of PE at grade 1,2 and3 was 4.4％,1.0％ and0.2％ respectively in group D,which was significantly lower than those in group C (62.6％,11.4％,3.8％,P ＜ 0.05).The incidence of UBIR was significantly lower (28.4％ vs 63.0％,P ＜ 0.05),among which the incidence of UBIR at grade 1,2 and 3 were 15.6％,10.4％ and 2.4％,which was significantly lower in group D than those in group C (22.0％,21.0％,20.0％,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion 1μg/kg dexmedetomidine pumped before anesthesia induction could prevent the occurrence of PE during catheterization and UBIR,which can improve patients' comfort.