Effect of L-carnitine on ferroptosis in renal tubular epithelial cells induced by calcium oxalate / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of L-carnitine on calcium oxalate-induced ferroptosis in renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2).Methods:The effects of calcium oxalate(0, 2, 4 and 8 mmol/L) on the expression of ferroptosis-related protein long chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetase 4 (ACSL4), cystine/glutamate transporter(XCT) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) in HK-2 cells were detected by Western blotting. The experiment was then divided into four groups: ①control group, cells were cultured in normal medium for 12 hours, then continued to use normal medium; ②L-carnitine group, cells were pretreated with medium containing 5mmol/L L-carnitine for 12 hours, then changed to medium containing 5mmol/L L-carnitine; ③calcium oxalate group, cells were cultured in normal medium for 12 hours, and then replaced with medium containing 4 mmol/L calcium oxalate; ④calcium oxalate+ L-carnitine group, the cells were pretreated with medium containing 5mmol/L L-carnitine for 12 h, and then replaced with 5mmol/L L-carnitine and 4mmol/L calcium oxalate medium. After changing the culture medium for 24 hours, the cells or supernatants were collected, and the expression levels of ferroptosis-related protein quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1), ACSL4, XCT and GPX4 were detected by Western blotting. The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde were detected by corresponding kit, and the level of reactive oxygen species in cells was detected by reactive oxygen species kit.Results:The results of Western blotting showed that the expression of ACSL4 protein in 0, 2, 4, 8 mmol/L calcium oxalate was 0.37±0.16, 0.68±0.16, 0.73±0.09, 0.89±0.03 respectively. The expression of XCT protein was 1.11±0.10, 0.91±0.14, 0.83±0.09, 0.80±0.07, respectively. The expression of GPX4 protein was 1.23±0.13, 0.99±0.17, 0.81±0.05, 0.72±0.06, respectively. Compared with 0mmol/L group, the expression of ACSL4 protein increased and the expression of XCT and GPX4 decreased in 2, 4 and 8 mmol/L groups, and the difference was more significant between 4 mmol/L group and 0 mmol/L group. So 4 mmol/L was taken as the optimal concentration for follow-up experiment. The levels of NQO1 in control group, L-carnitine group, calcium oxalate group and calcium oxalate+ L-carnitine group were (0.36±0.06, 0.54±0.05, 0.76±0.07, 0.90±0.03) respectively. There was significant difference between L-carnitine group and control group ( P<0.05). There was significant difference between calcium oxalate group and control group ( P<0.05). There was significant difference between calcium oxalate group and control group ( P<0.01). There was significant difference between calcium oxalate + L-carnitine group and calcium oxalate group ( P<0.05). The levels of ACSL4 in control group, L-carnitine group, calcium oxalate group and calcium oxalate + L-carnitine group were (0.66±0.10, 0.58±0.08, 0.99±0.03, 0.77±0.09) respectively. There was no significant difference between L-carnitine group and control group(P>0.05). There was significant difference between calcium oxalate group and control group ( P<0.01). There was significant difference between calcium oxalate + L-carnitine group and calcium oxalate group ( P<0.05). The levels of XCT in control group, L-carnitine group, calcium oxalate group and calcium oxalate + L-carnitine group were (0.93±0.08, 0.85±0.07, 0.76±0.06, 0.99±0.05). There was no significant difference between L-carnitine group and control group (P>0.05). There was significant difference between calcium oxalate group and control group ( P<0.01). There was significant difference between calcium oxalate + L-carnitine group and calcium oxalate group ( P<0.05). The levels of GPX4 in control group, L-carnitine group, calcium oxalate group and calcium oxalate + L-carnitine group were (1.10±0.09, 1.09±0.09, 0.85±0.03, 0.99±0.02) respectively. There was no significant difference between L-carnitine group and control group( P>0.05). There was significant difference between calcium oxalate group and control group ( P<0.01). There was significant difference between calcium oxalate + L-carnitine group and calcium oxalate group ( P<0.05). The levels of LDH in control group, L-carnitine group, calcium oxalate group and calcium oxalate + L-carnitine were (100.00±5.37)%, (99.50±6.38)%, (153.77±6.06)% and (132.50±5.58)%, respectively. There was no significant difference between L-carnitine group and control group( P>0.05). There was significant difference between calcium oxalate group and control group ( P<0.01). There was significant difference between calcium oxalate + L-carnitine group and calcium oxalate group ( P<0.05). The SOD levels in control group, L-carnitine group, calcium oxalate group and calcium oxalate + L-carnitine group were (100.00±5.79)%, (105.80±3.26)%, (44.74±7.60)% and (85.01±5.15)%, respectively. There was no significant difference between L-carnitine group and control group( P>0.05). There was significant difference between calcium oxalate group and control group ( P<0.01). There was significant difference between calcium oxalate + L-carnitine group and calcium oxalate group ( P<0.05). The levels of GSH in control group, L-carnitine group, calcium oxalate group and calcium oxalate + L-carnitine group were (100.00±4.73)%, (107.10±5.48)%, (53.49±3.98)% and (85.18±5.48)%, respectively. There was no significant difference between L-carnitine group and control group( P>0.01). There was significant difference between calcium oxalate group and control group ( P<0.01). There was significant difference between calcium oxalate + L-carnitine group and calcium oxalate group ( P<0.01). The levels of MDA in control group, L-carnitine group, calcium oxalate group and calcium oxalate + L-carnitine group were (100.00±2.36)%, (98.00±11.10)%, (129.11±2.59)% and (113.35±5.79)%, respectively. There was no significant difference between L-carnitine group and control group( P>0.05). There was significant difference between calcium oxalate group and control group ( P<0.01). There was significant difference between calcium oxalate + L-carnitine group and calcium oxalate group ( P<0.01). The fluorescence intensity of ferrous ion in control group, calcium oxalate group and calcium oxalate + L-carnitine group was (39.77±0.68) AU, (68.40±3.14) AU and (48.60±4.30) AU, respectively. There was significant difference between calcium oxalate group and control group ( P<0.01). There was significant difference between calcium oxalate + L-carnitine group and calcium oxalate group ( P<0.05). The fluorescence intensity of reactive oxygen species in control group, calcium oxalate group and calcium oxalate + L-carnitine group was (63.98±9.41) AU, (145.41±8.39) AU and (85.37±4.51) AU, respectively. There was significant difference between calcium oxalate group and control group ( P<0.01). There was significant difference between calcium oxalate + L-carnitine group and calcium oxalate group ( P<0.01). Transmission electron microscopy results showed that mitochondria were wrinkled, cristae were broken or disappeared in the calcium oxalate group compared to the control group, and a double-layer membrane structure was evident. DAPI staining showed that compared with the control group, some of the nuclei in the calcium oxalate group were significantly more damaged, while compared with the calcium oxalate group, the nuclei in the calcium oxalate + L-carnitine were significantly less damaged. The results of crystal adhesion test showed that compared with the control group, calcium oxalate crystals in the calcium oxalate group adhered to the cells in black-like particles and formed clusters. Compared with the calcium oxalate group, the calcium oxalate + L-carnitine showed less black particles adhering to the cells. Conclusions:L-carnitine may reduce the effects of oxidative stress and ferroptosis induced by calcium oxalate, thus reducing cell damage and crystal adhesion.

Adjustable "paper clip" techniques suturing the dorsal vein complex in radical prostatectomy / 现代泌尿外科杂志

【Objective】 To investigate the efficacy of the adjustable "paper clip" techniques in the suture of dorsal vein complex (DVC) and retention of urethral function in robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALRP). 【Methods】 A total of 30 cases of prostate cancer treated with RALRP were enrolled, all of which used the adjustable "paper clip" techniques. During operation, the DVC was sewed with barbed suture, and then a reverse suture was made through two sides of the prostatic ligaments. A Hem-o-lock was used to fasten the suture, which would be flexible to control the degree of tightness for the ligature. Perioperative and follow-up data of urinary continence and symptoms were collected and analyzed. 【Results】 All operations were successful. The estimated blood loss was (123.3±80.7) mL, 53.6% patients recovered continence in 1 month, and the continence rate increased to 92.9% and 96.3% at month 3 and 6. 92.9 of patients had no risk of incontinence 3 months after surgery. 【Conclusion】 The adjustable "paper clip" techniques have advantages in reducing blood loss, maintaining clear surgical field, preserving urethral function, and improving urinary continence.

Feasibility and safety of transurethral plasmakinetic enucleation of prostate with suprapubic bladder puncture and gland fixation / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the feasibility and safety of suprapubic bladder puncture and gland fixation in transurethral enucleation of the prostate.Methods:The clinical data of 15 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from January 2020 to June 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The age was (70.27±5.35) years old, preoperative serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level was (3.03±1.37) ng/ml, preoperative total prostate weight was 80.3(70.49, 96.78)g, preoperative postvoid residual urine volume(PVR)was 80 (55, 108)ml, and the maximum urine flow rate (Q max) was (6.13±2.25) ml/s. The international prostate symptom score(IPSS) was 25(22, 27), quality of life (QOL)score was 5(5, 6), international erectile function index-5 (IIEF-5) score was (15.38±5.10). All 15 patients underwent conventional transurethral plasma enucleation of prostate by using the three-lobe method, and the enucleated gland was pushed into the bladder completely. Then a laparoscopic pneumoperitoneum needle was used to perform suprappubic cystipuncture, and ureteral grasping forceps were inserted through the outer sheath. The forceps were used to fix the enencied gland. A rapid harvesting electric resection was performed in the broad space of the bladder, and the Ellick was rinsed to remove the tissue fragments. Surgical indicators and complications were recorded. The improvement of subjective score (IPSS, QOL, IIEF-5) and objective index (Q max, PVR) was compared between preoperative and postoperative. Results:All the 15 operations were completed successfully and there were no complications such as blood transfusion, capsule perforation, transurethral resection syndrome, bladder injury, bladder puncture site laceration and bleeding. The weight of resected prostate tissue was 44(40, 60)g, with blood loss (79.20±18.93)ml.The time of enucleation operation was (54.13±10.88)min, with harvest cutting time (14.67±2.50)min, evisceration efficiency (0.89±0.08)g/min, harvesting efficiency (3.26±0.36)g/min, bladder irrigation time (2.47±0.52) d. The time of indwelling catheter was (3.73±0.80)d.The postoperative hospital stay was (4.40±0.91) d. Temporary urinary incontinence occurred in 1 case after operation. All patients were followed up for 6 months after operation. The IPSS score was 3(2, 3), QOL score was 0(0, 1), IIEF-5 score was (20.12±2.30), Q maxwas (21.80±2.14) ml/s and PVR was 10(5, 15)ml, which were all significantly different compared with those before surgery ( P<0.05). The symptoms of the patients were significantly improved. Conclusions:Transurethral plasma enucleation of prostate combined with suprapubic bladder puncture and fixed gland is effective in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. The subjective symptoms and objective examination of patients have been significantly improved, and no adverse operation-related complications have occurred. It is a suitable method for enucleation of prostate in units which are not equipped with transurethral tissue planer.

Long-term clinical effect of paclitaxel drug-coated balloon catheter under intravascular ultrasound-guided in the treatment of patients with coronary stenosis lesions / 中国基层医药

Objective:To summarize the long-term clinical effect of paclitaxel drug-coated balloon in the treatment of patients with coronary stenosis lesions.Methods:From August 2015 to November 2017, 8 patients with coronary stenosis lesions in Jinqiu Hospital of Liaoning Province were selected and they received the percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty(PTCA) with paclitaxel drug-coated balloon under intravascular ultrasound-guided.All 8 patients had coronary angiography at 12-36 months[26.5(14.5~32.5) months]after operation and the outcomes of follow-up were analyzed.Results:Intravascular ultrasound was done after PTCA with ordinary balloon before the paclitaxel drug-coated balloon angioplasty.There were no interlayers which affected blood flow after PTCA with ordinary balloon before the paclitaxel drug-coated balloon angioplasty.The success rate of immediate intervention operation was 100.00%.The lesion degree of stenosis lesions and the minimum diameter at postoperation and preoperation had statistically significant differences[20.00%(11.25%~25.00%) vs.90.00%(80.00%~97.75%), H=11.549, P<0.01; 2.23(2.03~2.53)mm vs.0.30(0.25~0.54)mm, H=11.361, P<0.01]. There were no adverse cardiovascular events during the duration of hospital stay after the intervention operation.During follow-up, one patient with angina recurrence was cured by drugs, one patient received stent implantation because of coronary restenosis, one patient with coronary artery occlusion received no stent implantation because of lateral branch forming. Conclusion:Paclitaxel drug-coated balloon is effective in the treatment of patients with coronary stenosis lesions.It is one new method named " the intervention without permanent implant" that the paclitaxel drug-coated balloon expands.It is helpful to safety and effect under intravascular ultrasound-guided.The long-term effect is optimistic and the patients with coronary restenosis can receive drug-eluting stent implant.

Short-term clinical effect of paclitaxel drug-coated balloon catheter under intravascular ultrasound-guided in the treatment of 30 patients with coronary in-stent restenosis / 中国基层医药

Objective To summarize the effect and safety of paclitaxel drug-coated balloon in the treatment of patients with coronary in-stent restenosis.Methods From August 2015 to July 2018,30 patients with in-stent restenosis in Jinqiu Hospital of Liaoning Province were selected and they had undertook the percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty(PTCA) with paclitaxel drug-coated balloon under intravascular ultrasound-guided.Results Intravascular ultrasound was done after PTCA with ordinary balloon before the paclitaxel drug - coated balloon angioplasty.The drug-coated balloon expansion continued to 30s-60s[(43 ± 11)s] in all in-stent restenosis,and the success rate of immediate intervention operation was 100%.The lesion degree of stenosis and lesions minimum diameter at postoperation and preoperation had statistically significant differences[(10.67 ± 5.53)% vs.(79.67 ± 9.28)% ,t= -33.797,P<0.01;(2.80 ± 0.44)mm vs.(0.64 ± 0.31)mm,t=22.039,P<0.01].There was one 89-year-old patient died because of respiratory failure from pneumonia,and two patients with angina pectoris after operation got relieve after one week drug treatment. There were no other adverse cardiovascular events during the duration of hospital stay after the intervention operation.Conclusion Paclitaxel drug-coated balloon is effective and safe in the treatment of patients with coronary in - stent restenosis lesions. It is one new method named " the intervention without once again permanent implant " that the paclitaxel drug - coated balloon expands under intravascular ultrasound-guided,but the long-term effect is uncertain yet.

Short-term memory deficits correlate with hippocampal-thalamic functional connectivity alterations following acute sleep restriction.

Acute sleep restriction heavily influences cognitive function, affecting executive processes such as attention, response inhibition, and memory. Previous neuroimaging studies have suggested a link between hippocampal activity and short-term memory function. However, the specific contribution of the hippocampus to the decline of short-term memory following sleep restriction has yet to be established. In the current study, we utilized resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine the association between hippocampal functional connectivity (FC) and the decline of short-term memory following total sleep deprivation (TSD). Twenty healthy adult males aged 20.9 ± 2.3 years (age range, 18-24 years) were enrolled in a within-subject crossover study. Short-term memory and FC were assessed using a Delay-matching short-term memory test and a resting-state fMRI scan before and after TSD. Seed-based correlation analysis was performed using fMRI data for the left and right hippocampus to identify differences in hippocampal FC following TSD. Subjects demonstrated reduced alertness and a decline in short-term memory performance following TSD. Moreover, fMRI analysis identified reduced hippocampal FC with the superior frontal gyrus (SFG), temporal regions, and supplementary motor area. In addition, an increase in FC between the hippocampus and bilateral thalamus was observed, the extent of which correlated with short-term memory performance following TSD. Our findings indicate that the disruption of hippocampal-cortical connectivity is linked to the decline in short-term memory observed after acute sleep restriction. Such results provide further evidence that support the cognitive impairment model of sleep deprivation.

Induction of osteogenic differentiation of human renal fibroblasts in vitro / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To investigate the effects of osteogenic induction media and the medias containing different concentration of calcium on the induction of osteogenic differentiation of human renal fibroblasts in vitro.METHODS: Culturedhuman renal fibroblasts were divided into 5 groups in this experiment: osteogenic induction group (osteogenic inductionmedia), CaⅠgroup (0.5 mmol/L Ca2 + media), CaⅡgroup (1.5 mmol/L Ca2 + media), Ca Ⅲ group (2.5 mmol/LCa2 + media) and control group (PBS).The cell activity in each groups was measured by MTT assay .At 9th day, the cellcalcium Alizarin red S staining and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) Gomori calcium cobalt staining were performed respectivelyto observe the formation of calcium nidus and the expression of ALP .In addition, the expression of Runt-related transcriptionfactor 2 (Runx2) at mRNA and protein levels was determined by real -time PCR and Western blot, respectively.RE- SULTS: The remarkable positive signs which represented the formation of calcium nidus and the deposit of calcium objectsin all experiment groups were observed .The mRNA and protein expression of Runx2 in osteogenic induction group increasedin accordance with the induction time .Compared with control group, the mRNA and protein expression of Runx2 inthe CaⅠ ~Ⅲ groups increased gradually in a calcium concentration dependent manner at the 9th induction day.CON- CLUSION: Human renal interstitial fibroblasts show the potential activity in osteogenic differentiation induced by osteogen -ic induction media or high level calcium in vitro, which may be account for the cytological formation of the Randall ’splaque in the kidney.

Investigation on the safety and effect of percutaneous transluminal intervention in advance aged patients with angina recurrence after coronary artery bypass grafting / 中国基层医药

Objective To summarize the safety and clinical therapeutic effect of advanced aged coronary heart disease(CHD) patients with angina recurrence after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).Methods The clinical data,arteriography and the interventional results of 9 aged patients with angina recurrence treated by CABG were retrospectively analyzed .Results There were 8 patients received intervention ,among them 5 patients received coronary artery intervention , another 3 patients received graft vessels intervention .During operation and hospitaliza-tion,angina recurrence,acute myocardial infarction,revascularization,complication and mortality were not observed in 8 patients who received intervention .All patients were followed up for 12 months,there were 3 patients had angina recurrence and cured by drugs , but had no acute myocardial infarction and revascularization .Conclusion The intervention for advanced aged patients after CABG is a safe and effective treatment .The advanced aged patients with angina recurrence need receive arteriography quickly and receive coronary artery interventional treatment or graft vessels interventional treatment .

Synergistic effect of high mobility group protein B1 on calcium phosphate-induced release of inflammatory cytokines from macrophages / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:More and more evidence suggests that macrophages and inflammation reactions are involved in the formation and development of nephrolithiasis. Previous studies have found that calculi crystals can stimulate macrophages to release high mobility group protein B1. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the synergistic effect of high mobility group protein B1 in calcium phosphate induced release of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factorαand monocyte chemotactic factor 1 from human macrophages. METHODS:(1) The induced U937 cells were respectively stimulated with RPMI (blank), 100 mg/L calcium phosphate, 100μg/L high mobility group protein B1 and 100 mg/L calcium phosphate+100μg/L high mobility group protein B1 for 1, 2 and 4 hours to col ect cellsupernatant. (2) The induced U937 cells were respectively stimulated with 100 mg/L calcium phosphate, 100 mg/L calcium phosphate+10μg/L high mobility group protein B1, 100 mg/L calcium phosphate+50μg/L high mobility group protein B1, 100 mg/L calcium phosphate+100μg/L high mobility group protein B1 for 4 hours to col ect cellsupernatant. Levels of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factorαand monocyte chemotactic factor 1 were determined by ELISA. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The levels of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factorαand monocyte chemotactic factor 1 in the cellculture supernatant of 100 mg/L calcium phosphate group and 100μg/L high mobility group protein B1 group were both higher than those in the blank group in a time-dependent manner (P<0.05). The levels of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factorαand monocyte chemotactic factor 1 in the cellculture supernatant of different concentrations of high mobility group protein B1 groups were al higher than those in the 100 mg/L calcium phosphate group in a concentration-dependent manner (P<0.05). The results suggest that both calcium phosphate and high mobility group protein B1 can induce the release of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factorαand monocyte chemotactic factor 1 from human macrophages and the high mobility group protein B1 has the synergistic effect with calcium phosphate to induce interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factorαand monocyte chemotactic factor 1 from human macrophages.

Investigation on19 patients with sinus tachycardia from atypical asthma / 中国基层医药

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of sinus tachycardia patients with atypical asthma.Methods The data of 19 patients with sinus tachycardia resulted from atypical asthma,including clinical data and the treatment results were retrospectively analyzed.Results There were 19 patients received lung function check,among them total 19 patients were atypical asthma whose tachycardia were cured,the heart beating rate was significantly lower after treated [(86.79±3.91) vs (108.89±4.23),t=6.921,P=0.000].Condusion The lung function check was requisite for patients with sinus tachycardia resulted from atypical asthma and the tachycardia can be cured by curing asthma drugs and calcium channel blocking agent.

Protective effect of taurine on HK-2 cells exposed to oxalate and calcium oxalate monohydrate crystal in vivo / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To investigate the protective effect of taurine on HK-2 cells exposed to oxalate (Ox) and calcium oxalate monohydrate crystal (COM) in vivo.Methods HK-2 cells,a proximal tubular epithelial cell line,were cultured.Five groups were divided in this study:control group (only HK-2 cells) ; Ox and COM group (HK-2 cells + Ox + COM) ; Taurine group (HK-2 cells + Ox + COM + Taurine) ; Apocynin group (HK-2 cells + Ox + COM + Apocynin) ; Catalase group (HK-2 cells + Ox + COM +Catalase).After 6 hrs,the cultures medias from each group were tested for LDH,H2O2,8-isoprostane,and MCP-1 protein.Cellular expression of MCP-1 mRNA and P47phox mRNA were determined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction.After 24 hrs,cells livability was investigated by MTT.Results Compared with the control,cells livability was reduced when exposed to Ox and COM (P ＜ 0.05),Treatment with Taurine,Apocynin and Catalase significantly increased the cells livability (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the control,the expression of LDH,H2O2,8-isoprostane,and cellular expression of MCP-1 mRNA and P47phox mRNA were increased following exposure to Ox and COM (P＜0.01,P＜0.01,P＜0.01,P＜0.01,P ＜0.05).Treatment with Taurine,Apocynin and Catalase significantly reduced the expression of LDH,H2O2,8-isoprostane,as well as the cellular expression of MCP-1 mRNA.Expression of P47phox mRNA in Taurine group was not reduced significantly (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions This study showed that Taurine protected the HK-2 cells from oxidative injury exposed to Ox and COM by the pathway that may not be in relation to the inhibition of P47phox mRNA expression.

The mechanism of melamine-induced renal damage in rats / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To investigate the mechanism of melamine-induced renal damage in rats.Methods 48 male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups with 12 in each group and feed for 3 months.Group A were the control group,feed with standard granule feedstuff and drinking tap water.Group B were stone-induced group,feed with granule feedstuff containing 3％ Mel and drinking tap water.Group C were feed with granule feedstuff containing 3％ Mel and drinking water containing 2％ taurine.Group D were feed with standard granule feedstuff and drinking water containing 2％ taurine.Every week 24 h urine was collected to test PH,SCr,uric acid,protein,8-IP,H2O2 and Mel level.All rats were sacrificed at the end of 3 months.Blood creatinine detection,renal pathology analysis ( HE and Oil ep-red O dyeing,immunohistochemical) and mitochondria separation and detection were undertaken. ResultsMel was not detedted in urine of Group A and Group D.The urine concentration of Mel in Group B and Group C in 1 week,2 weeks,3 weeks,4 weeks were 3.16 ±0.45,4.39 ±0.213,5.40 ±0.28,5.50 ±3.26 and 3.52 ±0.49,4.32 ± 0.135,5.34 ± 0.40,5.46 ± 2.99 mg/ml,respectively.Compared with Group A,the Mel concentration in urine of Group B and C were drug exposure time dependent.In Group A,the urine protein,urine creatinine clearance,serum creatinine,and renal/weight ratio were 6.45 ± 1.45 mg/24 h,28.0 ± 7.4mmol/l,0.56 ±0.03 ml · min-1 · 100g-1,2.29 ±0.89 mg/g,while in Group B and C,the urinary protein urine,serum creatinine,creatinine clearance,kidney/weight ratio were 14.56 ± 7.69,56.8 ± 5.2,0.29 ±0.05,4.16 ±0.27 and 16.44 ±6.29,55.8 ±7.4,0.30 ±0.07,4.40 ±0.56,respectively.Compared with group A,in Group B and C,the urinary protein increased significantly,urine creatinine clearance reduced,serum creatinine reduced,and renal/weight ratio increased.Compared with Group B,the improvement of renal function in Group C was not significant,and the decrease of serum creatinine and urinary protein were not obvious (P ＞ 0.05).In Group B and C,the urine H2O2,8-IP and mitochondrial oxidatie detection reagent SOD,GSH-PX numerical were 28.5 ± 5.2 mmol/1,3.26 ± 1.6 pg/ml,21.1 ± 7.8 U/mg prot,19.0 ±2.5 energy unit and 26.7 ±4.8 mmol/l,2.99 ±8.5 pg/ml,20.3 ±6.9 U/mg prot,17.9 ±4.8 energy unit,respectively.The difference between Group B and C was not statistically significant (P ＞0.05).Pathological analysis showed Mel was mainly concentrated in crystal tubular lumen (Group B and C),kidney interstitial damage was apparent,and kidney inflammation and fibrosis progressive developed with the increase of the drug exposure time. Conclusions Mel can induce kidney damage and stone formation in rats,and stone was mainly in tubular location in inner medullary zone.It is not the oxidative stress way that Mel leads to kidney damage.

Investigation on autologous coronary intervention in patients with angina recurrence of graft vessels occlusion after coronary artery bypass graftting / 中国基层医药

Objective To investigate the effect of autologous coronary intervention in patients with angina recurrence of graft vessels occlusion after coronary artery bypass graftting(CABG).Methods Retrospectively analyzed the data of 10 patients with angina recurrence because of graft vessels occlusion.treated by CABG,including in clinical data,arteriography and the interventional results.Results Among 10 patients,9 patients received chronic total occlusion(CTO) PCI,another 1 patients received left main stem(LM) intervention.There were none had angina recurrence after PCI in 10 patients.Conclusion Conclusion Autologous coronary intervention in patients with angina recurrence of graft vessels occlusion after coronary artery bypass graftting was the safety and effective treatment.

Investigation on percutanous transluminal intervention in patients with angina recurrence after coronary artery bypass grafting / 中国基层医药

ObjectiveTo investigate the short-term and long-term interventional therapeutic effect of coronary heart disease(CHD)patients with angina recurrence after coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG). MethodsThe data of patients with angina recurrence treated by CABG,including clinical data,arteriography and the interventional results were retrospectively analyzed. Results There were 12 patients received intervention,among them 6 patients received coronary artery intervention,another 6 patients received graft vessels intervention.During operation and hospitalization,among 12 patients there were none had angina recurrence,acute myocardial infarction,revascularization and mortality.The total 12 patients were followed for 9 ～ 21months,there were two patients had angina recurrence cured by drugs,but none with mortality,acute myocardial infarction and revascularization. ConclusionThe intervention for patients with angina recurrence after grafting was a safe and effective treatment.

A preliminary study on the interaction of calcifying nanoparticles with human renal tubular epithelial cells / 中华泌尿外科杂志

ObjectiveTo observe the interaction of the calcifying nanoparticles (CNP) with human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) in vitro,to observe and investigate the mechanisms of HK-2 injury induced by CNP,and to explore the potential role of CNP in the formation of Calcium oxalate kidney stones.MethodsHuman renal tubular epithelial cells were cultured in vitro and CNP was then added to the culture medium,the cell-crystal reaction was detected by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).To investigate the oxidative stress,NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin was chosen as the intervener.The levels of LDH,MDA,HA in the mediums after 24 h were assessed. ResultsCNP could induce changes of the HK-2.Adhesion and phagocytosis of CNP by the HK-2 were observed under TEM.After 24 h,the levels of LDH,MDA,HA were significantly different among the 4 groups ( P ＜ 0.05 ). ConclusionsHK-2 has abilities of adhering and phagocyting with CNP.CNP can cause damage induced by oxidative stress of HK-2.

A primary study on the mechanisms of calculus crystal transport by macraphage in rat's kidney / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To investigate the mechanisms of calculus crystal transport by macro-phage in kidney. Methods Hyperoxaluria rat model was established by administration of 1% ethyl-ene glycol and 1% ammonium chloride in drinking water. 24 h rat urine was collected, urinary oxalate were analyzed by ion chromatography. The expression and location of osteopontin and macrophage in kidney were observed by immunohistochemistry. Macrophage and calculus crystal at the basement membrane of renal tubular epithelial cells and interstitium were observed. Results The urinary ox-slate concentration were (0.22±0.13), (0.29±0.08), (0. 50±0.26), (0. 41±0. 22), (0.25±0. 12) ng/ml among these 5 groups. The osteoponitin expression was 0.16±0.04, 0.25±0.09, 0.37±0.10, 0.23±0.08, 0.19±0.02 respectively. The expression of osteopontin was positively correlated with urinary oxlate concentration(r=0.887, P<0.05). The macrophage at the basement membrane of renal tubular epithelial cells was 0.12±0.08, 0.19±0.06, 0.27±0.04, 0.16±0.03, 0.18±0.03 respectively. The macrophage distribution was positively correlated with the expression of osteopontin (r= 0.596, P<0.05). The macrophage moved from vessel to the basement membrane of loops of Henle, then disrupted and released the calculus crystal. Conclusions The macrophage might take part in the calculus crystal transport in kidney at the basement membrane of loops of Henle, which may be the source of Randall plaque. This process may be mediated by osteopontin.

Protective effect of apocynin on renal oxidative injury in a rat model of hyperoxaluria / 中华肾脏病杂志

Objective To investigate the protective effect of apocynin against renal oxidative injury in a rat model of hyperoxaluria. Methods Animal model of hyperoxaluria was established by administration of 0.8% ethylene glycol (EG) to adult male Sprague-Dawley rats in administration were performed in the rats. Markers of oxidative stress(OS) state, urinary H2O2 and 8-(so-prostaglandin IP), and renal injury were assessed at the end of the study. Expression and localization of NADPH oxidase subunits (p47phox, gp91phox, Nox-1) in kidneys were examined by immunohistochemistry, real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively. Results p47phox expressed widely in kidneys of model rats, including renal cortex, inner medulla and outer medulla. Compared with the control, OS and renal injury occurred in rats receiving EG, in accordance with the up-regulated expression of NADPH oxidase subunits in kidneys. Treatment with apocynin significantly reduced the excretion of urinary H2O2 and 8-IP, improved the creatinine clearance and the kidney/body weight, with the down-reguLated expression of NADPH oxidase subunits (except gp91phox mRNA) in kidneys, but the levels of OS markers in apocynin-treated rats were still higher than thoset of normal controls. Conclusions The increased expression of NADPH oxidase subunits is suggested to be partially accounted for the development of renal OS in this rat model of hyperoxaluria. Apocynin treatment is effective for renal protection in this model.

Clinical evaluation of ureteroscopic endo-incision and drainage in the treatment of renal cysts / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ureteroscopic endo-incision and drainage in the treatment of renal cysts.Methods Thirty cases(19 females and 11 males)of renal cysts(1 1 parapelvie cysts,15 simple cysts.and 4 multiple cysts)were treated with ureteroscopic endo-incision and drainage.The renal cysts were located in renal pelvis,and opened and decompressed by electrotme with ureteroscope.Double J stent was placed afterwards.Urinary and blood biochemistry were tested post-operatively.Results All the operations were successfully completed with no severe complication.The cyst managing time ranged from 15 tO 45 min.Urinary biochemistry(urinary protein and glucose)turned normal 1 2 days after the surgery.Patients were followed up for 3 to 9 months.Renal cysts disappeared in 24 cases,diminished in 4 cases,and recurred in 2 cases.Conclusion Application of ureteroscopic technique in the treatment of renal cyst is safe,effective and minimally invasive.

Angiotensin Ⅱ stimulates the expression of NADPH oxidase subunit p47phox mRNA in kidney in a rat model of hyperoxaluria / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM: To investigate the roles of angiotensin Ⅱ and NADPH oxidase in the development of renal oxidative stress (OS) in a rat model of hyperoxaluria. METHODS:Animal model of hyperoxaluria was established in a-dult male Sprague - Dawley rats by administration of 0.8% ethylene glycol (EC) in drinking water for 4 weeks. Simultaneous treatment with apocynin (0.2g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1))or losartan (30 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1) ) by intragastric administration were performed in rats, respectively. At the end of the study, markers for the state of oxidative stress (OS) , urinary 8 - IP and the enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase ( SOD) in kidney homogenates were assessed. The concentration of angiotensin H in kidney homogenates was determined using radioimmunoassay method. Expression of NADPH oxidase subunit p47phox in kidney was localized and evaluated by immunohistochemistry and real time - PCR, respectively. RESULTS: p47phox expressed widely in the kidneys of this rat model, including renal cortex, inner medulla and outer medulla. Compared with the control, OS developed significantly in rats received EG, with increased expression of p47phox mRNA in kidneys. Renal angiotensin Ⅱ also increased significantly. Treatment with apocynin or losartan significantly reduced the excretion of urinary 8 - IP, restored the SOD activity, with decrease in the expression of p47phox mRNA in kidney, but the levels of those OS markers in apocynin or losartan treated rats were still higher than those in normal controls. CONCLUSION: Results suggest that renal Ang Ⅱ and its stimulation of NADPH oxidase may partially account for the development of OS in kidney in this rat model of hyperoxaluria.

Complications and Their Management of 86 Patients With Chronic Total Occlusion Treated by Percutaneous Coronary Intervention / 中国循环杂志

5 cm?5 cm) (n=6).All patiens with complications were successfully treated except 8 with side branch closure,who were failed to response but cured by drugs after procedure.Three elder patients died,from sudden death(n=1),stoke (n=1),and kidney failure (n=1) after PCI. Conclusion:The complication incidence in patients with CTO lesions is relatively low and most of the complications can be cured by proper management.Revascularization by PCI for patients with CTO is an effective and safe treatment method.