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1.
J Gen Virol ; 76 ( Pt 1): 211-5, 1995 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7844535

RESUMO

The nature and distribution of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypic variants present in south-east Asia have not been extensively investigated. We analysed HCV RNA obtained from 67 clinical serum samples from Singapore, Thailand, Indonesia, the Philippines and South Korea. All samples were amplified by semi-nested RT-PCR and the nucleotide sequence determined for four regions within the E1, E2/NS1, NS4 and NS5 genes. Each isolate had a unique nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence, consistent with the genetic heterogeneity of this virus. There was remarkably little amino acid sequence variation between isolates of the same genotype, apart from variable domains within putative envelope glycoproteins that are likely to be under immune pressure. All isolates could be classified according to the currently recognized genotypes of HCV, with the exception of one Singapore isolate that defined a new group 3 subtype. The 1b genotype, which predominates in Japan, was the most widely distributed genotype and accounted for 58% of all isolates sequenced. Regional variations in HCV genotype distribution were observed, with type 3a being found almost exclusively in Thailand. By contrast, the 1a genotype, which predominates in the USA was the most prevalent genotype in the Philippines. Genotype 1a was found less commonly among the Thai isolates, presumably having been introduced from the West in stored blood products or by sporadic transmission. The significant prevalence of HCV types 2 and 3 restates the need for variant genotypes to be included in immunodiagnostic and vaccine development strategies. This study reveals that the 1b genotype of HCV, previously found to be the major variant present in east Asia, also predominantes in the south-east Asian region, and may be the major HCV type found worldwide.


Assuntos
Hepacivirus/genética , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Sudeste Asiático , Sequência de Bases , Genótipo , Hepacivirus/isolamento & purificação , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Prevalência , Proteínas não Estruturais Virais/química , Proteínas não Estruturais Virais/genética , Proteínas não Estruturais Virais/imunologia
2.
Scand J Infect Dis Suppl ; 56: 7-10, 1988.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3266900

RESUMO

The susceptibility of 424 bacterial isolates causing diarrhoea were tested by agar dilution technique on Mueller-Hinton Agar against amoxicillin, ampicillin, ceftriaxone, chloramphenicol, co-trimoxazole, ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, norfloxacin and ofloxacin. The bacterial species included were Aeromonas hydrophila, Edwardsiella tarda, Pleisomonas shigelloides, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The most active compounds were the fluorinated 4-quinolones studied, that is, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and ofloxacin, and ceftriaxone. The other antibacterial agents were considerably less active; a substantial portion of tested isolates were resistant to them.


Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Diarreia/microbiologia , 4-Quinolonas , Ampicilina/farmacologia , Ceftriaxona/farmacologia , Cloranfenicol/farmacologia , Doxiciclina/farmacologia , Combinação de Medicamentos/farmacologia , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Sulfametoxazol/farmacologia , Trimetoprima/farmacologia , Combinação Trimetoprima e Sulfametoxazol
3.
Scand J Infect Dis Suppl ; 56: 11-3, 1988.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3249925

RESUMO

The pharmacokinetics of 400 mg norfloxacin administered orally were studied in 19 patients both during the acute phase of bacterial gastroenteritis and during convalescence, after normalization of bowel movements. The peak serum concentrations, total area under the serum concentration curve, rate of elimination and serum half-life in the beta-phase were all similar during the acute phase of the disease as well as after normalization of the intestinal function. The only difference was that the time to peak concentrations was longer (p less than 0.01) during the acute phase of the disease. That finding suggests that the faster intraintestinal transport of the drug during the acute stage of the disease leads to a reduced efficiency of early absorption. However, since the bioavailability was not affected, norfloxacin is obviously absorbed at a lower intestinal level and no dose adjustment should be necessary in patients with diarrhoea.


Assuntos
Diarreia/metabolismo , Gastroenterite/metabolismo , Norfloxacino/farmacocinética , Adolescente , Adulto , Disponibilidade Biológica , Diarreia/etiologia , Gastroenterite/complicações , Humanos , Norfloxacino/sangue
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