Influence of eight weeks of combined training on adipsin and lipoprotein profile and possible relations with depression, anxiety and stress in women with multiple sclerosis.

OBJECTIVES: Immobility and its physiological and psychological consequences are common problems in patients with multiple sclerosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of combined training on Adipsin and lipid profile and the possible relationship between these indicators and psychological function in women with multiple sclerosis. METHODS: In this quasi-experimental study, 40 women with multiple sclerosis were selected by purposeful sampling method and randomly divided into two equal control and exercise groups (n=20). Exercise was performed for 8 weeks (two resistance sessions and one endurance session per week). Before and after the intervention, blood samples were taken and the DASS-21 questionnaire was completed to assess anxiety, depression and stress. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance, t-test, Bonferroni post hoc test and Pearson correlation test at a significance level of p≤0.05. RESULTS: In the exercise group, levels of Adipsin, total cholesterol, LDL, TG, weight, fat percentage, WHR, BMI, depression, anxiety and stress were significantly reduced and HDL levels were significantly increased after 8 weeks of combined exercise (p≤0.05). Also, BMI (p=0.01), fat percentage (p=0.01) and WHR (p=0.01) levels had significant positive correlation with Adipsin. There was a significant positive relationship between Total cholesterol level with depression index (p=0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Performing combination exercises through improving body composition can increase the risk of obesity and cardiovascular risk factors and improve the psychological function of patients with multiple sclerosis. Specialists can use these exercises as an adjunct to drug therapy for MS patients.

The effects of resistance and endurance training on risk factors of vascular inflammation and atherogenesis in non-athlete men.

BACKGROUND: Studies show that different types of training have a significant role in reducing both new and traditional risk factors of cardiovascular diseases, and the new risk factors are more sensitive and accurate in predicting such diseases. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of resistance and endurance exercises on risk factors of vascular inflammation and atherogenesis in non-athlete men. METHODS: Thirty-six non-athlete male students (mean age: 20.45 ± 1.20 years; mean body mass index: 23.66 ± 3.65 kg/m2) were randomly assigned into either three groups: control group, resistance training (RT), and endurance training (ET). The training groups exercised for 3 days/week for 8 weeks. ET group performed treadmill-running at 65%-80% of maximum heart rate and with a 16-30 min duration; the task of RT group consisted of three repetition sets, 8-10 per set, at 60%-80% of one repetition maximum, with 2-min recesses. Blood samples were taken before and after the training program. Data were analyzed by Shapiro-Wilk test, one-way ANOVA, LSD test, and dependent t-test (α ≤ 0.05). RESULTS: The results indicated a significant reduction in total cholesterol levels in both RT and ET groups. Also high-density lipoprotein cholesterol significantly increased in both training groups. In addition, following 8 weeks, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in ET group was significantly decreased, whereas these training methods have had no significant effects on the new cardiovascular biomarkers (hs-CRP, IL-6, and sICAM-1). CONCLUSION: It seems that both ET and RT with improvement in lipid profiles could be effective in prevention and treatment of the cardiovascular disease.