[IS A THIRD DOSE OF MEASLES VACCINE NECESSARY - AN IMMUNOLOGIST'S VIEW].

Immunological aspects of features of post-vaccine immune response to measles virus are presented and causal relationships are detected, that lead to the disappearance of protective anti- bodies against measles virus, as one of the arguments for improvement of vaccination tactics with the aim to increase immune population and enhancement of epidemiologic situation regarding measles in general. At contemporary stage during mass vaccinations against measles a portion of seronegatives among women of reproductive age and newborns (up to 20.1%) with an additional increase of this parameter by 8 - 13% during pathologic course of pregnancy is established. At the age of 12 months portion of seronegatives among children with health deviations reaches 80 - 90.0% against 53.8% - in healthy. Revaccination of children with deviation of health is shown not to result in production of antibodies against measles virus at protective titers in 30.4 - 33.3% of cases, that could facilitate formation of risk groups for measles virus infection during unfavo- rable epidemic situations. A problem of possible introduction of a third dose of the measles vaccine. among the indicated population groups is discussed.

[Epidemiologic features of influenza in pregnant women and possibilities of vaccine prophylaxis].

Analysis of influenza morbidity in pregnant women shows high frequency of severe variants of infection course with fatal outcome. The highest number of influenza complications accounts for women in the case of their infection in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy, as well as having complicated pre-morbidity background in the form of bronchial asthma, obesity and diabetes mellitus. Healthy women at the 3rd trimester of pregnancy were shown to have the same risk of complicated course of respiratory infection as non-pregnant women with chronic concomitant pathology. Vaccination against influenza in pregnant women has a well demonstrated safety and effectiveness. Contemporary vaccines currently used allow with a high significance to decrease the risk of development of obstetric and pediatric pathology connected with previous influenza infection.

[Dynamics of cytokine production in adults after administration of influenza vaccine from A/California/7/2009 (H1N1) strain].

AIM: Study dynamics of IFNalpha, IFNgamma, TNFalpha cytokines in healthy adults after administration of inactivated subunit monovalent influenza vaccine, A/California/7/2009 (H1N1) strain. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Levels of IFNalpha, IFNgamma, TNFalpha cytokines were studied in blood sera of 58 mostly healthy adults aged 18 - 60 years. Kits for enzyme immunoassay determination of cytokine levels (Vector-Best, Novosibirsk) were used in the study. Antibody titers to A/California/7/2009 (H1N1) strain were determined at analogous time by using microneutralization reaction (MNR). RESULTS: Changes in the level of IFNalpha, IFNgamma, TNFalpha in healthy volunteers immunized by pandemic influenza vaccine were evaluated. Vaccine was safe. Two immunizations did not result in an increase of TNFalpha level that is an additional evidence of vaccine safety. IFNalpha level had a tendency to increase in vaccinated volunteers. IFNgamma levels in volunteers with normal level of this cytokine (below 10 pg/ml) were increased significantly after the second immunization (from 2.66 +/- 2.48 to 5.21 +/- 2.56). Correlation analysis showed that there is a strong negative association between IFNalpha, IFNgamma and seroconversion.

[Vaccination against influenza A (H1N1) in pregnancy].

AIM: Evaluation of alterations of immune response regulation and possible risk of antenatal development of fetus in postvaccination period in pregnant women immunized against influenza A (H1N1). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Women were vaccinated with MonoGrippol plus vaccine in the II trimester of physiological pregnancy. At certain intervals ofthe vaccination period (before the vaccination, 7 and 30 days after the vaccination) major biochemical markers in blood sera (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, urea) and levels of key cytokines in spontaneous and stimulated test (IL-1alpha, IL-1RA, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IFNgamma, TNFalpha) were evaluated. Vaccination safety for the fetus and trophoblast development was evaluated by using human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and trophoblasitc beta-1-glycoprotein (TBG) levels. RESULTS: During vaccination in 13% of cases mild local reactions were noted, in 26.1%--general systemic reactions in the form of weakness, dizziness and headaches. Levels of major biochemical markers at days 7 and 30 after the vaccination did not have any significant difference from the initial values (p > 0.05). Cytokine levels in spontaneous and stimulated tests also did not change significantly. Markers of the course of pregnancy and fetus development (HCG, AFP and TBG) in the two groups observed had comparable values. CONCLUSION: Vaccination of pregnant women against influenza A (H1N1) by Russian subunit formulation (MonoGrippol plus) showed reactogenicity comparable to control group by the level of influence on general metabolic and immunologic homeostasis and on the course of pregnancy, which is an evidence of its safety.

[Immunogenicity of inactivated subunit adsorbed monovalent vaccine against influenza A/California/7/2009 (H1N1) strain].

The immunogenicity of Pandeflu subunit vaccine against influenza A/California/7/2009 (H1N1) was evaluated in 70 healthy volunteers aged 18 to 60 years. The vaccine was intramuscularly injected twice at an interval of 28 days. Each dose (0.5 ml) contains A(HIN1) influenza virus hemagglutinin (15 +/- 2.2 microg), aluminum hydroxide (Denmark) (0.475 +/- 0.075 microg), and the preservative thiomerosal (merthiolate) (50 +/- 7.5 microg). The level of antibodies was determined in the microneutralization assay. After administration of two doses of the vaccine at a 28-day interval, the geometric mean antibody titer (GMAT) reached 1:21.1 with a further increase to 1:30 (the baseline GMAT) was 1:6.1). The frequencies of seroconversion and seroprotection were 71.4 and 59.2%, respectively; the antibody increase factor was 4.92, which meets the CPMP criteria. The administration of the vaccine did not result in adverse reactions in the postvaccination period.