[Molecular diagnosis and frequencies of primary hypolactasia in populations of RUSSIA and neighboring countries].

The digestion of the milk sugar (lactose) is observed every normal child but not in every adult. The decreased lactase synthesis in some adults results in problems with digestion of the whole milk (primary hypolactasy). An association of lactase activity in adults with carrying of the allele T within the polymorphism C/T-13910 located upstream of the lactase gene and 100% association of hypolactasy with the genotype C/C has recently been shown for a Finnish sample. In the present work we determined the LCT* C/T_13910 genotypes and allele frequencies in populations from Russia. The genotype C/C frequencies varied from 36.6% for Russians to 88.2% for Chukchi and were close to the published medical and epidemiological data on hypolactasy frequencies in respective populations. Genotyping was performed by three different methods to identify the optimal one. Our results have shown that the studied locus is the key determinant for the primary hypolactasy development in various human populations. Consequently, the DNA diagnostics of the C/C genotype carrying is a promising predictive test to detect the primary hypolactasy long before its clinical development. Practical application of this type of diagnostics would be a step towards the individual-oriented medicine.

[Differential diagnosis of specific and nonspecific lung diseases by the parameters of the leukocytic enzymatic system].

The study examined 56 patients who were divided into three groups: 1) patients with infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis; 2) those with nonspecific pneumonia; 3) control (apparently healthy individuals). In addition to the routine studies, the R. P. Nartsissov procedure was used to determine the activity of SDH and alpha-GPDH in all the examinees. The findings indicate that the lymphocytic activity of basic energy processes is much decreased in infiltrative tuberculosis and nonspecific pneumonia. Of the greatest value for active diagnosis is the determination of alpha-GPDH activity that is reduced only in patients with infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis, its low activity points to profound redox disorders.

[An automatic system of processing and analyzing electrocardiograms of children and adolescents]. / Avtomatizirovannaia sistema obrabotki i analiza élektrokardiogramm detei i podrostkov.

The paper outlines a package of programmes for computer-aided processing of electrocardiograms in children and adolescents, for determination of amplitude-time responses of cardiographic complexes, waves, and intervals and for syndrome conclusion in terms of clinical electrocardiography. The package has been prepared in Turbo-Pascal and Assembler languages.

[Scintigraphic evaluation of pulmonary microcirculatory bed and intrathoracic lymph nodes in patients with infiltrative tuberculosis]. / Stsintigraficheskaia otsenka mikrotsirculiatornogo rusla legkikh i vnutrigrudnykh limphaticheskikh uzlov u bol'nykh infil'trativnym tuberkulezom.

Complex radionuclide study was conducted in 134 patients with infiltrative tuberculosis. According to the extent and severity of a specific process in the lung, all the patients were divided into two groups. Group 1 comprised 43 patients and group 2 included 91. Radionuclide studies were made according to two parameters: the activity of dysfunction of intrathoracic lymph nodes (ITLN) in the mediastinum with Ga-67 citrate and the magnitude of pulmonary regional circulatory disorders. The results of radionuclide studies in patients with infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis indicated that not only a lung tissue inflammatory response, but also the development of pneumosclerotic changes both at the site of the basic specific process and in the intact area are responsible for regional circulatory disorders. The absorption uptake of Ga-67 citrate in the mediastinal lymph nodes and in the inflamed lung tissue areas varied with the process of chemotherapy and the beginning of a radionuclide study.

[Function of gastro-intestinal anastomoses after surgery for gastroduodenal ulcers]. / Funktsiia zheludochno-kishechnykh soustií posle operatsií po povodu gastroduodenal'nykh iazv.

A comparative analyses of a functional capacity of different variants of gastro-duodenal anastomoses has been done in 108 patients operated for gastro-duodenal ulcers. Functional similarity of the direct anastomosis and the transversal termino-lateral gastro-duodenoanastomosis (TL GDA) was identified. It makes a chance to give prefferance to the direct anastomosis, being more simple in performance. The restoration of continuity of gastro-intestinal tract by TL GDA (after the Bilroth-1 operation) should be performed in case of impossibility of creation of a direct GDA. The mentioned types of anastomoses provide a low rate postgastroresection syndrome. The function of gastro-gastric anastomosis and pyloric sphincter after pyloropreserving gastric resection should be studied profoundly and the expanding of indications for this procedure is premature. The differential approach to draining anastomosis in operation of vagotomy is advocated.

[Restructuring of teaching of social hygiene and public health administration based on students' opinion]. / O perestroike prepodavania sotsial'noi gigieny i organizatsii zdravookhranenia s uchetom mnenia studentov.

This is a continuation of the issue discussed in the article by Academician Yu. P. Lisitsyn and assistant Professor L. G. Perekopskaya "On the restructuring of teaching in social hygiene and public health administration" ("Soviet Public Health", 1990, No. 1). 75.6 percent of students from the Rostov Medical Institute participating in the anonymous survey stressed that the training in social hygiene and public health administration should be preceded by fundamental training in clinical subjects which they considered advisable to study during the fifth and sixth year of training. The students considered it necessary to get specialists in applied public health more widely participate in the teaching process. The issues are raised of the status, clinical bases and material and technical supply of chairs of social hygiene and public health administration. It is considered necessary to provide for a series of lectures on social hygiene and public health administration during the sixth year of training. The students displayed a keen interest in the transition of public health services to the new economic mechanism. The students consider it advisable to study the practice of developed countries in the field of population's health protection. An issue is raised of the necessity to integrate the teaching of social hygiene and public health administration with clinical chairs.