RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To investigate how curcumin affects the glucose and lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) rat models, and to explore its effect on the free fatty acid (FFA) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in serum. METHODS: Successfully established type 2 DM rats were divided into three groups, i.e. the normal control group, model group and curcumin group, and received the medication for consecutive 8â¯weeks. Thereafter, we detected the level of fasting blood glucose (FBG), and the blood glucose at 30â¯min, 60â¯min and 120â¯min; besides, we also carried out the insulin tolerance tests to measure the levels of fasting serum insulin (FINS) and blood glucose at 40â¯min and 90â¯min; additionally, we also detected the levels of TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, FFA and TNF-α in serum. The results were expected to discover the mechanism of curcumin in decreasing the blood glucose level in DM rats. RESULTS: Compared with the model group, AUCs of FBG, blood glucose at 30â¯min, 60â¯min and 120â¯min, and glucose were decreased in varying degrees in the curcumin group, and the differences had statistical significance (pâ¯<â¯.05). After subcutaneous injection of insulin, we found that the blood glucose at 40â¯min and 90â¯min in the curcumin group was decreased, while AUC of glucose level was also decreased (pâ¯<â¯.05 or .01). Eight weeks after medication, compared with the rats in the normal group, the levels of HDL-C, LDL-C, TC and TG in rats of the model group and the curcumin group were obviously increased (pâ¯<â¯.05). In comparison with the model group, the level of LDL-C in rats of the curcumin group was also decreased significantly (pâ¯<â¯.05). In comparison with the normal control group in the same period, we found that the content of FFAs and TNF-α in serum of rats of the model group were elevated significantly, and the differences had statistical significance (pâ¯<â¯.05 or .01); the levels in the curcumin group were significantly decreased in comparison with the model group in the same period, and the difference had statistical significance (pâ¯<â¯.05 or .01). CONCLUSION: Treatment with curcumin can significantly improve the metabolic disorder of glucose and lipid, enhance the sensitivity to the insulin, and ameliorate the resistance to insulin of the type II DM rats. Meanwhile, this treatment method can also significantly decrease the level of FFA and TNF-α in serum of type II DM rats. Thus, we inferred that the mechanism of curcumin to improve the insulin resistance might be correlated with the decreases of FFA and TNF-α in serum.
RESUMO
This research employed the freeze-thaw treatment method under nature and manual condition to reduce the moisture content of the contaminated sewage river sediment, thus reduce the secondary pollution to environment during remediation of sewage river. Experimental results show that the freeze-thaw treatment influences the sediment dewaterability and characteristics, such as specific resistance to filtration, moisture content, granule distribution, pollutant content of leachate. After freeze-thaw treatment, the surface area of the sediment became decreased, average granule diameter increased and the solid and water separated clearly. Moisture content was decreased from 83% - 85% to 50% - 60%. Volume cavernous water, capillary water and adhesion water dissociated from the sediment, thus sediment dewaterability is enhanced greatly. The specific resistance was reduced from (1.2 - 4.1) x 10(9)s(2)/g to (3.8 - 5.2) x 10(7)s(2)/g. On the other hand, leachate characteristics changed a lot: suspend solid (SS) content was reduced from 1 000 - 1 200 mg/kg to 340 - 380 mg/kg, ammonia nitrogen content was reduced from 150 - 170 mg/kg to 100 - 120 mg/kg, BOD5 content was reduced from 300 - 310 mg/kg to 50 - 60 mg/kg, however oil content was increased from 1 - 2 mg/kg to 11 - 12 mg/kg. Therefore, if the sediment is not contaminated by oil, the leachate pollution can be reduced by freeze-thaw treatment method.