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Introduction Oral surgeons often encounter a significant occupational risk of exposure to potentially harmful infectious diseases during minor oral surgical procedures. These diseases can be transmitted through direct contact with body fluids and aerosolized splatters that may not be visibly detectable. The likelihood of transmission is heightened for clinicians, healthcare workers, and patients alike. The reported prevalence of exposure to blood-borne infections in this field is as high as 90%, with half of these exposures being visually imperceptible. Aim The aim was to detect visually imperceptible blood contamination on personal protective equipment (PPE) and clinical surfaces using the chemiluminescence agent luminol during oral surgical procedures. Materials and methods Thirty minor oral surgical procedures were performed in the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department after obtaining approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC), Vinayaka Mission's Sankarachariyar Dental College, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation, Salem, India. The surgeon, assistant, patient, and clinical surfaces (comprising 15 subsites within the surgical field) wore PPE. The PPE was scrutinized for traces of visually imperceptible blood contamination using luminol. The results of blood splatter on PPE and clinical surfaces in different oral surgical procedures between the non-aerosol and aerosol groups of different durations were analyzed statistically using the chi-square test with p < 0.05 considered significant. Results We observed that visually imperceptible blood contamination in non-aerosol procedures was detected on the assistant PPE kit (46.7%, n = 14), assistant face shield (40%, n = 12), suction apparatus (50%, n = 15), wall (30%, n = 9), and floor (56.7%, n = 17), in both aerosol and non-aerosol procedures. The p-value has been considered statistically significant at p < 0.05 between both the groups (aerosol and non-aerosol). Conclusion Our study results confirmed the presence of undetected blood spillage during aerosol procedures of 30 minutes and non-aerosol surgical procedures of more than 30 minutes over an area of 3.1 feet horizontally and 4.8 feet vertically. So, we strongly emphasize that PPE kits and face shields are mandatory for both surgeon and assistant while performing oral surgical procedures in order to prevent the risk of cross infections, proper infection prevention control protocol for the clinical surfaces also needs to be followed as a standard protocol in all operations.
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Angioedema is the diffuse edematous swelling of the soft tissues that most commonly involves the submucosal and subcutaneous connective tissues. It can also affect the connective tissues of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract. The most common pathogenesis is the degranulation of mast cells, leading to histamine release and increased vascular permeability. The immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated hypersensitivity reactions are triggered by foods, preservatives such as sodium benzoate used in peanut butter, dust, drugs like angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE) like captopril, enalapril, lisinopril and pollens, and contact allergies started by prolonged contact with dental rubber dams and cosmetics. Hereditary factors such as quantitative reduction of C1 esterase inhibitor (C1-INH) deficiency and dysfunctional C1 esterase inhibitor (C1-INH) are also postulated in its etiopathogenesis. In addition, lymphoproliferative disorders, bacterial or viral infections, lupus erythematosus, and minor trauma from dental procedures may precipitate an angioedema attack.
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Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a hereditary condition that affects the clinical features and structure of the enamel. The enamel formation diseases are inherited and might be X-linked, autosomal dominant, recessive, sex-related, or sporadic. Dental professionals should evaluate such patients completely, both clinically and radiographically, to detect any cysts associated with impacted or unerupted teeth. This report describes the case of a 10-year-old patient affected by amelogenesis imperfecta with a dentigerous cyst involving an impacted tooth and an unerupted tooth of the maxilla.
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INTRODUCTION: The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic is a global health threat and is by far the largest outbreak of atypical pneumonia since after SARS over the past few decades. Within weeks of the initial outbreak the total number of cases and deaths exceeded those of SARS. Such mass Casualties often trigger waves of heightened fear and anxiety in many population. AIM: To assess the psychological impact and mental health status among the dental students studying in the Vinayaka Mission's Sankarachariyar Dental College, Salem, India. MATERIALS AND METHOD: A total of 21 psychological state questionnaires along with demographic aspects were distributed to 460 under graduate dental students from Vinayaka Mission's Sankarachariyar Dental College, Salem, Tamilnadu. The Psychological state was assessed using the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS). RESULTS: 404 questionnaires were taken for our study as they responded all questions. The results were calculated based on the responses obtained year wise, gender, Place of residence, Living with family, Steady family income and Acquaintance affected with covid and compared among the three psychological assessments Depression, Anxiety and stress. The results of the study were done using SPSS (V21.0IBM, Chicago) Software. CONCLUSION: We attempted to correlate the socio demographic datas with psychological status of the dental students' in our university using the DAS scale. This study focused on the need for treating the psychological impact of the society at this outbreak as the mental health is the most important to deal with.
