Simultaneous Determination of the Depth of an Embedded Source and its Radioactivity in the Medium.

The simultaneous determination of the depth of an embedded source and its radioactivity in the medium at the environmental surveys is a very useful and advisable method for an in-situ gamma-ray measurement with respect to the time and cost constraint. An algorithm for the determination of the source depth and its radioactivity in the medium was developed using the information on the uncollided photon fluences and measured net count rates, which mean not scattered fluences and background subtracted count rate, at the detector positions. Uncollided photon fluences were calculated at several source depths in the medium as well as at detector positions from the Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNP) simulation. The results were then used to establish a database to output their values according to the source depth in the medium by inputting the photon energy and detector position from the medium. A simple program about the simultaneous determination of two variables was applied to the results on a task to find out the depth and activity of Cs and Cs at in-situ gamma-ray spectrometry. Less than 10% and 15% differences compared with the real values at the source depth and radioactivity, respectively, were achieved using the developed program.

Characteristics of airborne radionuclides concentration in a coastal environment.

Airborne radionuclides from the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident in 2011 were measured in 12 regional monitoring stations in Korea. The Gangneung (GN) monitoring station located in a coastal region almost always has a higher radioactivity concentration of airborne radionuclides than any other station. The possible cause of this higher concentration was analysed in terms of the local meteorology and topography. The increase in surface concentrations of radionuclides at the GN region might be attributed to the downslope windstorm, temperature inversion and coupled sea breeze and mountain flows.

Radiological impact in Korea following the Fukushima nuclear accident.

The pathway and radiological impact of the radioactive plume released at the Fukushima nuclear accident site on the Korean Peninsula has been studied. On March 28, 2011, only (131)I was first observed at all 12 regional monitoring stations in Korea, and the highest activity concentrations in aerosol were 3.12 mBq/m(3) for (131)I at Gunsan, 1.19 mBq/m(3) for (134)Cs and 1.25 mBq/m(3) for (137)Cs at Busan on April 7, 2011. These radionuclides were also detected in dry and wet deposition samples, while the significant increase of (131)I, (134)Cs and (137)Cs activity concentrations were not observed in seawater and marine biota samples.

7Be in ground level air in Daejeon, Korea.

(7)Be concentrations in the ground level air in Daejeon, Korea were determined during the period of January 1998 to December 2009 by gamma-ray spectrometric analysis of particulate samples collected on filter paper with a high-volume air sampler. The monthly concentrations of (7)Be in the ground level air were in the range of 1.3-7.7 mBq m(-3) with strong seasonal trends of low values in the summer and high values in the spring and autumn. The annual mean values of (7)Be concentrations showed weak reverse correlation with the annual average sunspot number.

A 4-point in-situ method to locate a discrete gamma-ray source in 3-D space.

The determination of the source position (x,y,z) of a discrete gamma-ray source using peak count rates from four measurement points was studied. We derived semi-empirical formulas to find the position under the condition to neglect attenuation effects by obstacles between the target source and the detector. To validate the methodology, we performed the locating experiments for a (137)Cs small volume source placed at 10 different positions on the floor of a laboratory using the formulas derived in this study. In this study, a portable HPGe gamma spectrometry system with a virtual point detector concept was used. The calculation results for the source positions were compared with reference values measured with a rule. The applicability of the methodology was estimated based on the differences of the results.