In vitro antidiabetic, antioxidant activities and GC-MS analysis of Rhynchostylis Retusa and Euphorbia Neriifolia leaf extracts.

This study aimed to assess the antidiabetic, and antioxidant potential of Rhynchostylis retusa and Euphorbia neriifolia, well known for traditional ethnomedicinal uses in North-east India. Leaf extracts prepared in water, methanol and petroleum ether were evaluated for in vitro antidiabetic and antioxidant assay using α-amylase inhibition, glucose diffusion method and DPPH radical scavenging activity. The α-amylase inhibition with E. neriifolia methanolic extract at 400 µg/ml (66.67%) and R. retusa aqueous extract at 300 µg/ml (58.15%) were stronger than in equivalent concentrations of acarbose, i.e., 62.17, and 51.52%, respectively. Aqueous extract R. retusa showed a maximum 67.65% inhibition of glucose diffusion at 180 min in comparison to control without leaf extract. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of E. neriifolia extract in methanol was significantly better than equivalent aqueous or ether extract. However, the solvent choice had little impact on antioxidant activity in R. retusa. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of a large number of phytochemicals in methanol fraction of E. neriifolia aqueous extracts in comparison to R. retusa. Though the in vitro α-amylase inhibition or glucose diffusion retardation implied potential medicinal use of endangered orchid R. retusa and E. neriifolia, further investigation may be warranted for identification of relevant bio-active compounds and in vivo validation of their pharmacological properties.

Immobilization of trypsin on plasma prepared Ag/PPAni nanocomposite film for efficient digestion of protein.

This work demonstrates the efficacy of a support matrix prepared by plasma process for trypsin immobilization without any surface activator. Plasma polymerization cum sputtering process is used to prepare the nanocomposite support matrix. Plasma sputtered silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are uniformly embedded into plasma polymerized aniline (PPAni) film. Various characterization tools are employed to study the surface morphology, microstructure and chemical composition of the support matrices. Trypsin is immobilized onto the support matrix via the formation of covalent bond between them. Plasma generated free radicals on composite films activate the support matrix and make it efficient for increasing the tertiary enzyme stability via multipoint covalent attachment. Trypsin immobilized onto Ag/PPAni matrix has more hydrolyzing capacity of bovine serum albumin (BSA) than free trypsin as well as trypsin immobilized onto PPAni films.

Comparative study of antibiofilm activity of copper oxide and iron oxide nanoparticles against multidrug resistant biofilm forming uropathogens.

The effectiveness of the metal oxide nanoparticles viz. CuO and Fe2O3 as antibacterial agents against multidrug resistant biofilm forming bacteria was evaluated. CuO nanoparticles were also experimented for antibiofilm and time kill assay. The CuO displayed maximum antibacterial activity with zone of inhibition of (22 ± 1) mm against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) followed by Escherichia coli (18 ± 1) mm. The Fe2O3 showed the zone of inhibition against MRSA of (14 ± 1) mm followed by E. coli (12 ± 1) mm. CuO proved to be more toxic than Fe2O3 nanoparticles showing significantly high antibacterial activity and found to possess dose dependent antibiofilm properties.

Highly effective antibiofilm coating of silver-polymer nanocomposite on polymeric medical devices deposited by one step plasma process.

Foley's catheters were coated with Silver (Ag), plasma polymerized aniline (PPAni) and Ag-PPAni composite by plasma based deposition processes which were characterized by XRD, EDX, SEM, and FT-IR spectroscopy and bioassays were performed to validate their efficacies to kill planktonic cells as well as to remove biofilm. The analyses confirmed the formation of Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs), PPAni and Ag-PPAni composite and also corroborated their successful deposition over the catheters. Antibacterial assays showed that coated catheters were capable of killing planktonic cells of most commonly encountered uropathogens and equally capable of eradicating biofilm formation by the uropathogens as evident from the reduced cfu/ml. UV-vis spectroscopy results showed that the nanoparticle coated catheters were capable of gradual release of AgNPs, killing all planktonic cells in solution over the time. Foley's catheters coated with AgNPs and their composites by one step plasma process were non-toxic devices capable of killing planktonic cells and proficient in eradicating biofilm formation which could be used to cutback the likelihood of the catheter related complications.