RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of administering probiotics to prevent Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) among patients receiving therapeutic antibiotics. DESIGN: Stepped-wedge cluster-randomized trial between September 1, 2016, and August 31, 2019. SETTING: This study was conducted in 4 acute-care hospitals across an integrated health region. PATIENTS: Hospitalized patients, aged ≥55 years. METHODS: Patients were given 2 probiotic capsules daily (Bio-K+, Laval, Quebec, Canada), containing 50 billion colony-forming units of Lactobacillus acidophilus CL1285, L. casei LBC80R, and L. rhamnosus CLR2. We measured hospital-acquired CDI (HA-CDI) and the number of positive C. difficile tests per 10,000 patient days as well as adherence to administration of Bio-K+ within 48 and 72 hours of antibiotic administration. Mixed-effects generalized linear models, adjusted for influenza admissions and facility characteristics, were used to evaluate the impact of the intervention on outcomes. RESULTS: Overall adherence of Bio-K+ administration ranged from 76.9% to 84.6% when stratified by facility and periods. Rates of adherence to administration within 48 and 72 hours of antibiotic treatment were 60.2% -71.4% and 66.7%-75.8%, respectively. In the adjusted analysis, there was no change in HA-CDI (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.68-1.23) or C. difficile positivity rate (IRR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.89-1.24). Discharged patients may not have received a complete course of Bio-K+. Our hospitals had a low baseline incidence of HA-CDI. Patients who did not receive Bio-K+ may have differential risks of acquiring CDI, introducing selection bias. CONCLUSIONS: Hospitals considering probiotics as a primary prevention strategy should consider the baseline incidence of HA-CDI in their population and timing of probiotics relative to the start of antimicrobial administration.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos , Clostridioides difficile , Infecções por Clostridium , Infecção Hospitalar , Probióticos , Humanos , Infecções por Clostridium/epidemiologia , Infecções por Clostridium/prevenção & controle , Infecções por Clostridium/tratamento farmacológico , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Anti-Infecciosos/uso terapêutico , Canadá , Infecção Hospitalar/epidemiologia , Probióticos/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) among children remains a concerning cause of morbidity in hospital settings. We present epidemiological and molecular trends in healthcare- and community-associated CDI among children in Canadian inpatient and outpatient settings, including those who experienced recurrent infections.
Assuntos
Clostridioides difficile , Infecções por Clostridium , Infecção Hospitalar , Humanos , Criança , Canadá/epidemiologia , Infecções por Clostridium/epidemiologia , Infecções por Clostridium/etiologia , Instalações de Saúde , Atenção à Saúde , Infecção Hospitalar/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Cerebrospinal fluid shunt-associated surgical site infection surveillance for 3 months compared to 12 months after surgery captures 83% of cases with no significant differences in patient characteristics, surgery types, or pathogens. A shorter 3-month follow-up can reduce resource use and allow for more timely reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates for hospitals.
Assuntos
Infecção Hospitalar , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica , Humanos , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/epidemiologia , Canadá/epidemiologia , Derivações do Líquido Cefalorraquidiano/efeitos adversos , Infecção Hospitalar/epidemiologia , Hospitais , Estudos Retrospectivos , Líquido CefalorraquidianoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether discontinuing active screening for vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) in Alberta, Canada, acute-care facilities had an associated impact on the rate of rise of hospital-acquired (HA) VRE bloodstream infection (VRE-BSI). SETTING: Acute-care facilities in Alberta, Canada. PATIENTS: All patients who were admitted to Alberta Health Services or Covenant Health acute-care facilities between January 1, 2013, and March 31, 2020, and who met the definition for hospital-acquired VRE-BSI were included in the analyses. METHODS: An intervention time-series Poisson regression was used to determine the slope change in VRE incidence between the pre- and postintervention (screening) periods. The patient population was separated into 3 cohorts: group 1 (low risk, VRE screening stopped), group 2 (high risk, VRE screening stopped), and group 3 (high risk, VRE screening continued). For all groups, a level- and slope-change model was used. RESULTS: We did not find a statistically significant difference in the slope change or rate of rise in VRE-BSI before and after the intervention, with incidence rate ratio (IRRs) of 1.015 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.982-1.049), 1.025 (95% CI, 0.967-1.086), and 0.989 (95% CI, 0.924-1.059) for groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In Alberta, the rate of HA VRE-BSI has remained consistent, and our findings indicate that there has been no increase in the rate of rise of HA VRE-BSI in sites or units that discontinued screening for VRE, regardless of patient risk group.
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Bacteriemia , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas , Enterococos Resistentes à Vancomicina , Humanos , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Vancomicina , Estudos Retrospectivos , Bacteriemia/diagnóstico , Bacteriemia/epidemiologia , Bacteriemia/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/diagnóstico , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/epidemiologia , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/tratamento farmacológico , Alberta/epidemiologiaRESUMO
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has placed significant burden on healthcare systems. We compared Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) epidemiology before and during the pandemic across 71 hospitals participating in the Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program. Using an interrupted time series analysis, we showed that CDI rates significantly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Infecções por Clostridium , Infecção Hospitalar , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Pandemias , Canadá/epidemiologia , Infecções por Clostridium/epidemiologia , Infecção Hospitalar/epidemiologia , HospitaisRESUMO
We investigated epidemiologic and molecular characteristics of healthcare-associated (HA) and community-associated (CA) Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) among adult patients in Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program hospitals during 2015-2019. The study encompassed 18,455 CDI cases, 13,735 (74.4%) HA and 4,720 (25.6%) CA. During 2015-2019, HA CDI rates decreased by 23.8%, whereas CA decreased by 18.8%. HA CDI was significantly associated with increased 30-day all-cause mortality as compared with CA CDI (p<0.01). Of 2,506 isolates analyzed, the most common ribotypes (RTs) were RT027, RT106, RT014, and RT020. RT027 was more often associated with CDI-attributable death than was non-RT027, regardless of acquisition type. Overall resistance C. difficile rates were similar for all drugs tested except moxifloxacin. Adult HA and CA CDI rates have declined, coinciding with changes in prevalence of RT027 and RT106. Infection prevention and control and continued national surveillance are integral to clarifying CDI epidemiology, investigation, and control.
Assuntos
Clostridioides difficile , Infecções por Clostridium , Infecção Hospitalar , Adulto , Canadá/epidemiologia , Clostridioides difficile/genética , Infecções por Clostridium/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Clostridium/epidemiologia , Infecção Hospitalar/epidemiologia , Atenção à Saúde , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , RibotipagemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE To evaluate hospital administrative data to identify potential surgical site infections (SSIs) following primary elective total hip or knee arthroplasty. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING All acute care facilities in Alberta, Canada. METHODS Diagnosis and procedure codes for 6 months following total hip or knee arthroplasty were used to identify potential SSI cases. Medical charts of patients with potential SSIs were reviewed by an infection control professional at the acute care facility where the patient was identified with a diagnosis or procedure code. For SSI decision, infection control professionals used the National Healthcare Safety Network SSI definition. The performance of traditional surveillance methods and administrative data-triggered medical chart review was assessed. RESULTS Of the 162 patients identified by diagnosis or procedure code, 46 (28%) were confirmed as an SSI by an infection control professional. More SSIs were identified following total hip vs total knee arthroplasty (42% vs16%). Of 46 confirmed SSI cases, 20 (43%) were identified at an acute care facility different than their procedure facility. Administrative data-triggered medical chart review with infection control professional confirmation resulted in a 1.1- to 1.7-fold increase in SSI rate compared with traditional surveillance. SSIs identified by administrative data resulted in sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 99%. CONCLUSION Medical chart review for cases identified through administrative data is an efficient supplemental SSI surveillance strategy. It improves case-finding by increasing SSI identification and making identification consistent across facilities, and in a provincial surveillance network it identifies SSIs presenting at nonprocedure facilities. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;37:699-703.