Sequential graph convolutional network and DeepRNN based hybrid framework for epileptic seizure detection from EEG signal.

Automated epileptic seizure detection from ectroencephalogram (EEG) signals has attracted significant attention in the recent health informatics field. The serious brain condition known as epilepsy, which is characterized by recurrent seizures, is typically described as a sudden change in behavior caused by a momentary shift in the excessive electrical discharges in a group of brain cells, and EEG signal is primarily used in most cases to identify seizure to revitalize the close loop brain. The development of various deep learning (DL) algorithms for epileptic seizure diagnosis has been driven by the EEG's non-invasiveness and capacity to provide repetitive patterns of seizure-related electrophysiological information. Existing DL models, especially in clinical contexts where irregular and unordered structures of physiological recordings make it difficult to think of them as a matrix; this has been a key disadvantage to producing a consistent and appropriate diagnosis outcome due to EEG's low amplitude and nonstationary nature. Graph neural networks have drawn significant improvement by exploiting implicit information that is present in a brain anatomical system, whereas inter-acting nodes are connected by edges whose weights can be determined by either temporal associations or anatomical connections. Considering all these aspects, a novel hybrid framework is proposed for epileptic seizure detection by combined with a sequential graph convolutional network (SGCN) and deep recurrent neural network (DeepRNN). Here, DepRNN is developed by fusing a gated recurrent unit (GRU) with a traditional RNN; its key benefit is that it solves the vanishing gradient problem and achieve this hybrid framework greater sophistication. The line length feature, auto-covariance, auto-correlation, and periodogram are applied as a feature from the raw EEG signal and then grouped the resulting matrix into time-frequency domain as inputs for the SGCN to use for seizure classification. This model extracts both spatial and temporal information, resulting in improved accuracy, precision, and recall for seizure detection. Extensive experiments conducted on the CHB-MIT and TUH datasets showed that the SGCN-DeepRNN model outperforms other deep learning models for seizure detection, achieving an accuracy of 99.007%, with high sensitivity and specificity.

Evaluation of Serum CA 19-9 as a Diagnostic Marker for Pancreatic Malignancy.

In biliary-pancreatic malignancy, the serum CA 19-9 is considered as a tumor marker. Its high level may indicate the presence of a malignant disorder, but it can also be raised in benign conditions and also in malignancies from other organs. The value may be normal even in malignant condition. This comparative study was conducted in the Department of Surgery of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Bangladesh from 1st June 2016 to 31st May 2017 to determine the sensitivity and specificity of CA 19-9 as a tumor marker in pancreatic malignancy in our perspective and to establish a cut-off value of CA 19-9 which might prove as a definitive indication of pancreatic malignancy. We found that when the cut off value of CA 19-9 is 38 U/ml (according to ROC curve), the sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV were 77.8%, 77.8%, 77.8%, 77.8% respectively. And if the serum CA 19-9 threshold was raised to 100 and 120 to diagnose pancreatic cancer, sensitivity became 72.2% and 66.7% and NPV 76.2% and 73.9% respectively. However, the specificity increased to 88.9% and 94.4% and the PPV increased to 86.7% and 92.3% respectively.

Avoiding ecosystem and social impacts of hydropower, wind, and solar in Southern Africa's low-carbon electricity system.

The scale at which low-carbon electricity will need to be deployed to meet economic growth, electrification, and climate goals in Africa is unprecedented, yet the potential land use and freshwater impacts from this massive build-out of energy infrastructure is poorly understood. In this study, we characterize low-impact onshore wind, solar photovoltaics, and hydropower potential in Southern Africa and identify the cost-optimal mix of electricity generation technologies under different sets of socio-environmental land use and freshwater constraints and carbon targets. We find substantial wind and solar potential after applying land use protections, but about 40% of planned or proposed hydropower projects face socio-environmental conflicts. Applying land and freshwater protections results in more wind, solar, and battery capacity and less hydropower capacity compared to scenarios without protections. While a carbon target favors hydropower, the amount of cost-competitively selected hydropower is at most 45% of planned or proposed hydropower capacity in any scenario-and is only 25% under socio-environmental protections. Achieving both carbon targets and socio-environmental protections results in system cost increases of 3-6%. In the absence of land and freshwater protections, environmental and social impacts from new hydropower development could be significant.

Surgical Management of Craniospinal Axis Solitary Fibrous Tumors: A Single-Institution Case Series and Comprehensive Review of the Literature.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Meningeal solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) comprise 0.4% of primary central nervous system neoplasms and carry metastatic potential. Disease course and optimal management are largely unknown, and there is currently no literature rigorously describing neurological outcomes in surgically managed SFTs. We present one of the largest craniospinal SFT series, analyze patient outcomes, and extensively review the associated literature. METHODS: All surgically managed SFTs at our institution between January 2005 and March 2023 were retrospectively reviewed. Patient demographics, tumor and radiographic features, treatment, and clinical outcomes were collected. Neurological function was quantified using Frankel grade and Neurologic Assessment in Neuro-Oncology scores. Descriptive statistics, multivariate analysis, log-rank test, and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were performed. RESULTS: Twenty-one patients satisfied inclusion criteria. Tumor locations included 15 supratentorial, three infratentorial, and three spinal. All patients underwent surgical resection, and 16 (76.2%) underwent radiation. Six (28.6%) patients had tumor recurrence, and three (14.3%) developed metastasis. Younger age and higher postoperative Frankel grade were significantly associated with increased overall survival (OS) ( P = .011, P = .002, respectively). All patients symptomatically improved or stabilized after surgery, and Neurologic Assessment in Neuro-Oncology score ( P = .001) and functional status significantly improved postoperatively (Karnofsky Performance Status: 65.2 ± 25.2 vs 91.4 ± 13.5, P = .001). Sex, adjuvant radiation, and extent of resection were not significantly associated with OS. CONCLUSION: SFT of the central nervous system is a rare entity with a variable clinical course. Surgical resection was associated with improved postoperative functional and neurological status. Higher postoperative neurological function was significantly associated with OS. Further studies are warranted to validate a standardized treatment algorithm and investigate the efficacy of adjuvant radiation in SFT.

Endoluminal Ultrasonography versus Computed Tomography for Locoregional Staging of Carcinoma Stomach.

Curative surgery remains the mainstay treatment of carcinoma stomach till to date. Preoperative accurate diagnosis of the depth of tumour invasion (T) and nodal involvement (N) in stomach cancer is important in determining the choice of an optimal therapeutic approach. Endoluminal ultrasonography (EUS) is considered as most reliable tools for assessing locoregional staging as it can overcome bones and air barrier on the other hand computed tomography (CT) has increased its' efficacy greatly after introduction of extreme multi-detector and phase-contrast CT. The objective of this study was to compare the accuracy of T and N staging with EUS and CT by comparing with postoperative histopathology in stomach carcinoma. This cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the department of General Surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Bangladesh from August 2019 to July 2020. Forty five (45) patients who underwent curative stomach resection surgery due to carcinoma of stomach were enrolled in this study. All patients were investigated by EUS and CT preoperatively to assess locoregional staging. Then patients underwent stomach resection surgery and specimen sent for histopathology. EUS had sensitivity 80.0% to predict T staging but specificity 60.0% and the overall accuracy was 68.89%. CT result showed sensitivity 59.38% to predict T staging but specificity 46.15%, and the overall accuracy was 55.56%. EUS had 65.63% sensitivity to predict nodal involvement but specificity 61.54% and the overall accuracy was 64.44%. CT had 83.33% sensitivity to predict nodal involvement but specificity 55.56% and the overall accuracy was 77.78%. EUS is more accurate than CT in T staging but CT is more accurate than EUS in the N staging of carcinoma stomach. So EUS and CT both should be used as a diagnostic tool for preoperative locoregional staging of carcinoma stomach.

Association of Low Vitamin D Level with Pelvic Organ Prolapse in Post Menopausal Women: A Case Control Study.

Pelvic organ prolapse refers to protrusion of the pelvic organ into or out of the vaginal canal. One in four women in the USA suffer from some type of pelvic floor disorder including pelvic organ prolapse and frequency of pelvic organ prolapse is more with increasing age. In Bangladesh, 15.6% women suffered from pelvic organ prolapse and more than 11.0% of women require surgical correction of prolapse in their life times. According to few researches, there is an observed association between low vitamin D levels with pelvic organ prolapse but this finding is not unequivocal. This case control study has been conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Bangladesh from October 2018 to August 2020 to investigate the level of vitamin D in patients with and without pelvic organ prolapse to explore the association of low vitamin D with pelvic organ prolapse. A total 148 participants of 52 years or older attending the out or inpatient department were enrolled in the study. The study population was divided into two groups, a case group (n=74) consisting of patients with pelvic organ prolapse and a control group (n=74) comprising of women without pelvic organ prolapse. After taking informed written consent the serum vitamin D level of all participants was measured by CMIA technology with flexible assay protocols at Biochemistry and Molecular Biology department of the same institute. All necessary Data were collected on variables of interest by using the structured questionnaire pre-designed for interview, observation, clinical examination, and biochemical Data collection. Distributions were expressed by mean and standard deviation for continuous variables and by frequency and percentage for qualitative variables. Student's t-test and Chi square test were done to see the significance of differences between Group I and Group II. Odds ratio, correlation coefficient, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was done to assess the association of low vitamin D level with pelvic organ prolapse. Mean±SD level of Vitamin D in the case group was 13.96±5.18ng/ml and in the control group was 21.08±5.77ng/ml respectively. The difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). Moreover, the vitamin D levels were inversely proportionate with the severity of pelvic organ prolapse. OR (95% CI), of two groups showed risk of developing pelvic organ prolapse 5.63 times higher in women with decreased vitamin D level. Thus it can be concluded that women having low level of vitamin D have more chance of developing pelvic organ prolapse.

Comparison of Pain Control and Analgesic Consumption With or Without Infiltration of Bupivacaine at Port Sites after Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.

Pain management is an essential component of all surgical procedures. Analgesics are used for this purpose but there are some complications in using them. Local anesthetics like bupivacaine can be used to reduce postoperative pain as well as analgesics consumption. The objective of this study is to observe the result of infiltration of bupivacaine at port sites and to compare the postoperative pain relief with that of opioids and NSAID administration following laparoscopic cholecystectomy for chronic calculus cholecystitis. This is a cross sectional study was conducted over one year in the Department of Surgery of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh from September 2018 to August 2019. Here total 40 patients were enrolled by purposive sampling. They were divided in two groups. One group received bupivacaine while other did not. A numerical pain scale was used as tool. Data will be recorded by peer reviewed interview and observation based semi structured data collection sheet. Data analysis was done by SPSS version 23.0. P-value was significant at (p<0.05) and determined by chi square test. Written informed consent was taken from the patient. The mean Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) score of pain at 6 hour was 2.55±0.6 in Group I and 6.8±1.15 in Group II. The mean NRS score of pain at 12 hour was 4.1±1.21 in Group I and 7.95±0.6 in Group II. The mean time of 1st analgesic administration was 13.85±1.57 hours in Group I and 2.75±0.72 hours in Group II. The mean repeat dose of analgesic was in 22±2.29 hours in Group I and 9.5±1.15 hours in Group II. In Group I one third patients (30.0%) single dose analgesic required in 1st 12 hours while in Group II almost 90.0% patients needed analgesics in 1st 12 hours. In Group I, total doses of analgesics required were 2 in 75.0% patients while in Group II at least 3 doses of analgesics were needed. In Group I only one patient needed analgesic in first 6 hours (5.0%) while in Group II, all the patients (100.0%) needed analgesics. The difference was statistically significant (p<0.05) between two groups. The patients receiving bupivacaine at port sites will experience less pain at postoperative period and will need less analgesic medications.

Preparation and characterization of short date palm mat (DPM) fiber reinforced polystyrene composites: Effect of gamma radiation.

The utilization of natural fiber reinforced polymer composites is growing fast in numerous sectors. In this study, the effect of the addition of short date palm mat (DPM) fibers in polystyrene matrix on the physico-mechanical and thermal properties were studied. Short DPM fiber reinforced polystyrene composites were produced by compression moulding process and the fiber content was 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 wt%. Physico-mechanical and thermal properties were examined. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis of the composites were also done. The findings from the investigates exposed that the composites with 10 % fiber content showed improved mechanical and thermal characteristics as compared to other composites. The morphological analysis also supported the results where good interfacial bonding among fiber and polystyrene matrix was found for the composites with 10 % fiber content. The optimized (10 % fiber content) composites were exposed to gamma radiation (2.5-7.5 kGy) and the best result was found at 5.0 kGy radiation dose. Degradation of gamma irradiated composites was conducted in four different media such as water, acid, base, and brine.

Meckel's diverticulum: Unusual cause of significant bleeding in an adult male.

Meckel's diverticulum is a common congenital gastrointestinal malformation affecting 2% of the general population. Most affected patients are asymptomatic, and excessive bleeding causing a significant drop in hemoglobin count is an uncommon complication of Meckel's diverticulum, especially in adult patients. Herein, we present an adult case of Meckel's diverticulum that nearly led to hemodynamic instability. Laparotomy and segmental small bowel resection were critical in treating the patient.

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Undergraduate Medical Students of Bangladesh Regarding COVID-19 and its Vaccination.

Medical students are one of the socially active, reliable, and persuading population of information, prevention and control, and incentive of vaccination to stop the current pandemic situation. Consequently, knowing the status of medical students' knowledge, about symptoms, and transmission of disease, prevention of COVID-19 and their attitudes towards a vaccine is important. This multi-center cross-sectional descriptive study was one of the first ones in Bangladesh among the undergraduate medical students who completed pathology, microbiology, and pharmacology. The study was conducted from March to April 2021, using a convenience sampling method in twelve government and non-government medical colleges. Among 1132 who completed the questionnaire, and 15 students from different centers were excluded from the pre-testing and face validation. The age of the 1117 respondents were 22 to 23 years, of which the majority of the respondents were female 749 (67.0%), and 368 (33.0%) were male. Almost all participants had correct knowledge (84.1%) about the symptoms of COVID-19. But 59.2% had wrong knowledge about transmission of disease by an afebrile person. Above 60.0 % of the participants have worn a facial mask when contacting people, refrained from shaking hands, washed hands, avoided people with signs and symptoms suggestive of COVID-19, and avoided crowded places as a practice of prevention. 37.6% of medical students showed positive attitudes about the participation of management of a COVID-19 patient. Most of the participants' decided to have a vaccine depending on its availability. But 31.5% had trust in natural immunity rather than vaccination. Most undergraduate Medical college students understood the basic information, possessed a positive attitude, and presented good practice towards the COVID-19 and vaccination. They play a crucial role in motivation and acceptance of vaccines among the general citizen to fight back against the pandemic in the country with limited resources.

Listening and Speech Development among under 6 Years Pre-Lingual Deaf Children following Cochlear Implantation in Selected Tertiary Hospitals in Dhaka.

Children with severe to profound hearing disability got a drastic change in their lives by embracing cochlear implant. This study is done to compare the outcome of cochlear implant in listening using Category of Auditory Performance (CAP) and in speech development using Speech Intelligibility Rating (SIR) score among under 6 year pre-lingual deaf children who underwent cochlear implantation. This cross-sectional study was carried out at the Armed Forces Medical Institute, National Institute of ENT and ENT outpatient department of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University from October 2021 to September 2022. Total 384 pre-lingual deaf children with cochlear implant below 6 years of age were the study population of this study. The speech perception skill children with implants did not significantly differ between those under three years old and those over three. Impediment to cochlear implantation in Bangladeshi perspective was also analyzed.

Environmental remediation of hazardous pollutants using MXene-perovskite-based photocatalysts: A review.

Photocatalysis utilizing semiconductors offer a cost-effective and promising solution for the removal of pollutants. MXene and perovskites, which possess desirable properties such as a suitable bandgap, stability, and affordability, have emerged as a highly promising material for photocatalytic activity. However, the efficiency of MXene and perovskites is limited by their fast recombination rates and inadequate light harvesting abilities. Nonetheless, several additional modifications have been shown to enhance their performance, thereby warranting further exploration. This study delves into the fundamental principles of reactive species for MXene-perovskites. Various methods of modification of MXene-perovskite-based photocatalysts, including Schottky junction, Z-scheme and S-scheme are analyzed with regard to their operation, differences, identification techniques and reusability. The assemblance of heterojunctions is demonstrated to enhance photocatalytic activity while also suppressing charge carrier recombination. Furthermore, the separation of photocatalysts through magnetic-based methods is also investigated. Consequently, MXene-perovskite-based photocatalysts are seen as an exciting emerging technology that necessitates further research and development.

Occurrence of shigellosis in pediatric diarrheal patients in Chattogram, Bangladesh: A molecular based approach.

Shigellaa Gram-negative, non-motile bacillus, is the primary causative agent of the infectious disease shigellosis, which kills 1.1 million people worldwideevery year. The children under the age of five are primarily the victims of this disease. This study has been conducted to assess the prevalence of shigellosis through selective plating, biochemical test and conventional PCR assays, where the samples were collected from suspected diarrheoal patients. Invasive plasmid antigen H (ipaH) and O-antigenic rfc gene were used to identify Shigella spp. and S. flexneri respectively. For validation of these identification, PCR product of ipaH gene of a sample (Shigella flexneri MZS 191) has been sequenced and submitted to NCBI database (GenBank accession no- MW774908.1). Further this strain has been used as positive control. Out of 204, around 14.2% (n = 29)(P> 0.01) pediatric diarrheoal cases were screened as shigellosis. Another interesting finding was that most of shigellosis affected children were 7 months to 1 year (P> 0.01).The significance of this study lies in the analyses of the occurrenceand the molecular identification of Shigellaspp. and S. flexneri that can be utilized in improving the accurate identification and the treatment of the most severe and alarming shigellosis.

Surgical management of symptomatic vertebral hemangiomas: a single institution experience and literature review.

Vertebral hemangiomas (VHs), formed from a vascular proliferation in bone marrow spaces limited by bone trabeculae, are the most common benign tumors of the spine. While most VHs remain clinically quiescent and often only require surveillance, rarely they may cause symptoms. They may exhibit active behaviors, including rapid proliferation, extending beyond the vertebral body, and invading the paravertebral and/or epidural space with possible compression of the spinal cord and/or nerve roots ("aggressive" VHs). An extensive list of treatment modalities is currently available, but the role of techniques such as embolization, radiotherapy, and vertebroplasty as adjuvants to surgery has not yet been elucidated. There exists a need to succinctly summarize the treatments and associated outcomes to guide VH treatment plans. In this review article, a single institution's experience in the management of symptomatic VHs is summarized along with a review of the available literature on their clinical presentation and management options, followed by a proposal of a management algorithm.

Development and external validation of machine learning algorithms for postnatal gestational age estimation using clinical data and metabolomic markers.

BACKGROUND: Accurate estimates of gestational age (GA) at birth are important for preterm birth surveillance but can be challenging to obtain in low income countries. Our objective was to develop machine learning models to accurately estimate GA shortly after birth using clinical and metabolomic data. METHODS: We derived three GA estimation models using ELASTIC NET multivariable linear regression using metabolomic markers from heel-prick blood samples and clinical data from a retrospective cohort of newborns from Ontario, Canada. We conducted internal model validation in an independent cohort of Ontario newborns, and external validation in heel prick and cord blood sample data collected from newborns from prospective birth cohorts in Lusaka, Zambia and Matlab, Bangladesh. Model performance was measured by comparing model-derived estimates of GA to reference estimates from early pregnancy ultrasound. RESULTS: Samples were collected from 311 newborns from Zambia and 1176 from Bangladesh. The best-performing model accurately estimated GA within about 6 days of ultrasound estimates in both cohorts when applied to heel prick data (MAE 0.79 weeks (95% CI 0.69, 0.90) for Zambia; 0.81 weeks (0.75, 0.86) for Bangladesh), and within about 7 days when applied to cord blood data (1.02 weeks (0.90, 1.15) for Zambia; 0.95 weeks (0.90, 0.99) for Bangladesh). CONCLUSIONS: Algorithms developed in Canada provided accurate estimates of GA when applied to external cohorts from Zambia and Bangladesh. Model performance was superior in heel prick data as compared to cord blood data.

The Prevalence of Multi-Drug Resistant Salmonella typhi Isolated From Blood Sample.

Typhoid is a major public health concern. Even though antibiotics are usually used to treat typhoid fever, the spread of multi drug resistant Salmonella typhi is making antibiotics much less effective. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella typhi from the clinical samples. During this study, 154 blood samples of suspected typhoid patients were collected from the hospital and diagnostic center located in Chattogram City, Bangladesh. Isolation and identification of Salmonella typhi was done by both biochemical tests. PCR analysis was also done for the confirmation of biochemical result. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed according to the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method against ampicillin, chloramphenicol, cefepime, cotrimoxazole, ceptriaxone, ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, and azithtomycin. Out of 154, 21 (13.64%) isolates were identified as Salmonella typhi and the prevalence of typhoid in Chattogram, Bangladesh was 13.64% (n = 21). It was also found that children under the age of 5 are the more vulnerable target of Salmonella typhi infection. Antibiotic resistance profiling revealed 85% isolates were Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) and highest resistance was found in case of Nalidixic acid. Although, most of the isolated Salmonella typhi were MDR, first generation antibiotics Co-trimoxazile, Chloramphenicol, and Ampicillin were found effective against Salmonella typhi.

Use of designing for behaviour change framework in identifying and addressing barriers to and enablers of animal source feeding to children ages 8-23 months in Bandarban Hill District in Bangladesh: Implications for a nutrition-sensitive agriculture programme.

Inadequate diet quality is a cause of undernutrition among children 6-23 months of age in Bangladesh, particularly in remote and isolated areas such as Bandarban District. Feeding animal source foods can help to combat stunting and wasting problems among children, but it may not be accessible or acceptable. A barrier analysis using the Designing for Behavior Change Framework was conducted in Bandarban district with participants from 4 ethnic groups, to explore potential barriers and key motivators by examining 12 behavioural determinants of consumption of animal-source food in complementary feeding for children 8-23 months. Data were collected from 45 mothers of children 8-23 months, who provided animal-source foods to their children (doers), and from 45 mothers who did not (non-doers), for a total of 90 interviews. Nine determinants were statistically significantly different between doers and non-doers as follows: self-efficacy, positive consequences, negative consequences, social norms, access, reminders, perceived risk, perceived severity and perceived action efficacy. Nearby access to purchase animal-source foods, rearing poultry or livestock at home and the support of household and community members are enablers to feeding animal-source food. In contrast, these same factors are barriers for non-doers. The lack of money to spend on animal-source foods is also a barrier. An integrated nutrition-sensitive and gender-transformative animal-based food production, and inclusive market programme could increase access to meat and eggs at the household level, increase opportunities to earn income and support gender-equitable household workloads and decision-making for optimal child feeding.

Association of Dyslipidemia with Endometriosis: A Case Control Study.

Endometriosis is a chronic multi-factorial disease characterized by the presence of functioning uterine glands and stroma in any site outside the uterus. Despite the major public health impact of this condition, little is known about their etiologies. Some studies focused on the similarities between the common biological mechanisms underlying the development of endometriosis and atherosclerotic plaques. So, it is possible to hypothesize that same atherogenic risk factors, such as dyslipidemia may play a role in endometriosis pathogenesis. This case-control study was carried out in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh from September 2018 to August 2019 to investigate the lipid profile in patients with endometriosis and to analyze the association of dyslipidemia with endometriosis. A total of 140 participants ranged between 18 and 35 years of age attending BSMMU were enrolled in the study. The study population was divided into case and control group; the case group consisting of patients with endometriosis and control group comprising of healthy women without endometriosis. Fasting lipid profile of all participants was measured in the department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of BSMMU, Bangladesh. Doing student's t-test and Chi square test compared results of both groups. Logistic regression analysis was done to see association of dyslipidemia with endometriosis. Women with endometriosis were found to have significantly higher levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG) and significantly lower level of high density lipoprotein (HDL-C) compared to the controls (p<0.05). The mean atherogenic index was significantly higher in case group (p<0.05). This study found an association between dyslipidemia and endometriosis.Women with endometriosis have higher atherogenic index compared to women without endometriosis.