[Evaluation of external respiratory function in patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis using radionuclide methods]. / Otsenka funktsii vneshnego dykhaniia u bo'lnykh khronicheskim obstruktivnym bronkhitom s pomo'shchiu radionuklidnykh metodov.

A trial was designed to study shifts in various mechanisms of external respiration (ER) distress in chronic obstructive bronchitis by type of respiration insufficiency (RI). Combined clinicoroentgenological, spirographic, endoscopic and radionuclide (133Xe radiopneumography and 99Tc scintigraphy) examinations were conducted in 66 patients (41 males and 25 females aged 20-60 with 2-17-year history of chronic obstructive bronchitis) versus 30 healthy controls. ER parameters assessed in 4 groups of patients (with-out resting RI, with obstructive and mixed RI variants) by+radiopneugraphy and scintigraphy were found abnormal for either lung and both lungs as a whole. The abnormalities recorded correlated with RI variant. The following parameters appeared most informative in studying ER in the bronchitis patients with radionuclide techniques: the volume of ventilated alveoli, respiratory capacity, total and functional residual lung capacity, index ventilation/blood flow, capillary blood flow, time of half elimination of Xe from the alveoli and vascular bed. The above parameters change for the worse with progressive deterioration of external respiration.

[Chronic bronchitis (clinico-physiological, immunological and morphological comparisons)]. / Khronicheskii bronkhit (kliniko-fiziologicheskie, immunologicheskie i morfologicheskie sopostavleniia).

A total of 140 patients with chronic bronchitis were examined and distributed into 4 groups depending on the presence and degree of instrumentally recordable bronchial obstruction: chronic non-obstructive bronchitis (CNB), obstruction of the proximal bronchi, obstruction of the distal bronchi, generalized obstruction. In the presence of unmarked exacerbation, the laboratory data in all the groups pointed to a moderate degree of the inflammatory process and tension of the immunity system. The groups of patients with distal and generalized obstruction manifested dysfunction in the production of blood serum immunoglobulins with an isolated increase in the IgM content. Analysis of histological alterations in bronchial biopsies withdrawn from the large bronchi confirmed the immune type of inflammation in CB exacerbation whatever the presence and degree of bronchial obstruction. Based on the character of alterations in the blood serum content of immunoglobulins and morphological evidence for the immune type of inflammation the authors lay emphasis on the originality of the immune response in cases of CB exacerbation with obstruction of the distal bronchi. Describe the time-course of the cellular immunity in the groups of patients with CNB and in those with distal obstruction treated with a drug having a thymomimetic action.