Short-term cardiovascular events after bariatric surgery in patients with metabolic syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) are at increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease along with other adverse events after bariatric surgery. OBJECTIVES: The incidence of short-term major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with MetS undergoing bariatric surgery is not well characterized. SETTING: Accredited bariatric surgery centers in the United States and Canada. METHODS: A total of 760,076 patients aged ≥18 years with body mass index ≥35 kg/m2 who underwent primary bariatric surgery between 2015 and 2018 were included. Patients with both diabetes and hypertension were described as the MetS cohort. Patient characteristics, operative technique, and 30-day outcomes were compared. The primary outcome was incidence of MACE, a composite of myocardial infarction, stroke, and all-cause mortality. Unadjusted and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed and included an interaction between MetS and hyperlipidemia (HLD). RESULTS: Of the 577,882 patients included, 111,128 (19.2%) exhibited MetS. Patients with MetS more frequently experienced MACE compared with patients without MetS (.3% versus .1%; P < .001). The odds of MACE were greater for patients with MetS versus Non-MetS (odds ratio [OR] 2.87; 95% CI, 2.49-3.32) in the unadjusted analysis. MetS without HLD, MetS with HLD, and Non-MetS with HLD are significantly associated with MACE when compared with those with non-MetS without HLD. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with MetS have an increased frequency of cardiac events following bariatric surgery. Future studies should determine if optimization of 1 or more components of MetS or other related co-morbidities reduces the cardiovascular risk for patients.

Diabetes remission after bariatric surgery.

Over the last decade, obesity rates have continued to rise in the United States as well as worldwide and are showing no signs of slowing down. This rise is in parallel with the increasing rates of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Given the association between obesity and T2DM and their strong correlation with increased morbidity and mortality in addition to healthcare expenditure, it is important to recognize the most effective ways to combat them. Thus, we performed a review of literature that focused on assessing the outcomes of T2DM following bariatric surgery. Available evidence suggests that bariatric surgery provides better T2DM resolution in obese patients when compared to best medical management alone. Additionally, Biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch as well as Roux-en-Y gastric bypass have demonstrated higher rates of T2DM resolution when compared with other bariatric procedures.