Laparoscopic total mesorectal excision versus transanal total mesorectal excision for mid and low rectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic total mesorectal excision (LaTME) and transanal total mesorectal excision (TaTME) are popular mid and low rectal cancer trends. However, there is currently no systematic comparison between LaTME and TaTME of mid and low rectal cancer. Therefore, we systematically study the perioperative and pathological outcomes of LaTME and TaTME in mid and low rectal cancer. METHODS: Articles included searching through the Embase, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Medline, and Web of science for articles on LaTME and TaTME. We calculated pooled standard mean difference (SMD), relative risk (RR), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The protocol for this review has been registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022380067). RESULTS: There are 8761 participants included in 33 articles. Compared with TaTME, patients who underwent LaTME had no statistical difference in operation time (OP), estimated blood loss (EBL), postoperative hospital stay, over complications, intraoperative complications, postoperative complications, anastomotic stenosis, wound infection, circumferential resection margin, distal resection margin, major low anterior resection syndrom, lymph node yield, loop ileostomy, and diverting ileostomy. There are similarities between LaTME and TaTME for 2-year DFS rate, 2-year OS rate, distant metastasis rat, and local recurrence rate. However, patients who underwent LaTME had less anastomotic leak rates (RR 0.82; 95% CI: 0.70-0.97; I2 = 10.6%, P = .019) but TaTME had less end colostomy (RR 1.96; 95% CI: 1.19-3.23; I2 = 0%, P = .008). CONCLUSION: This study comprehensively and systematically evaluated the differences in safety and effectiveness between LaTME and TaTME in the treatment of mid and low rectal cancer through meta-analysis. Patients who underwent LaTME had less anastomotic leak rate but TaTME had less end colostomy. There is no difference in other aspects. Of course, in the future, more scientific and rigorous conclusions need to be drawn from multi-center RCT research.

Research progress on phenotype and function of microglia / 中国药理学通报

Microglia are the central nervous system's resident myeloid-derived immune cells, which play a major role in the innate and acquired immunological responses of brain. In the maintenance of brain tissue function under both healthy and pathological conditions, microglia take a protective or damaging role, depending on cell phenotypes and functions. The traditional microglia classification of pro- or anti-inflammatory phenotypes refers to the profile of macrophages, hence the term “brain macrophages:has been drawn. More microglia phenotypes are being discovered as new technologies and research methods are developed, and the newly discovered microglia phenotypes are often disease-, brain region-, and function-specific, providing an important foundation for studying the pathological processes underlying the development of specific diseases and developing appropriate interventions. Here, we provide a retrospective review of recent advances in the study of phenotype and function of microglia, and analyze the microglial cell lineage composition and its heterogeneous function.

Two new antimicrobial monoterpenoid indole alkaloids from the roots of Rauvolfia yunnanensis.

Two new monoterpenoid indole alkaloids 3-hydroxylochnerine (1) and 10-hydroxyvinorine (2) were isolated from the roots of Rauvolfia yunnanensis. Their structures were elucidated based on the analysis of spectroscopic data and ECD calculation. Both compounds exhibited potent antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli, and their activities were comparable to the well-known antibacterial drug berberine.

Study on the time-point distribution characteristics of the occurrence of laryngopharyngeal reflux / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To investigate the characteristics of the time-point distribution of the occurrence of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) by 24-hour multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH monitoring (24 h MII-pH) and to provide guidance for the development of individualized anti-reflux strategies for LPR patients. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 24 h MII-pH data from 408 patients [339 males and 69 females, aged 23-84 (55.08±11.08) years] attending the Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery at the Sixth Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital from January 2013 to March 2020. The number of gas acid/weak-acid reflux, mixed gas-liquid acid/weak-acid reflux, liquid acid/weak-acid reflux and alkaline reflux events at different time points were recorded and statistically analyzed through SPSS 26.0 software. Results: A total of 408 patients were included. Based on the 24 h MII-pH, the total positive rate of LPR was 77.45% (316/408). The type of positive gaseous weak-acid reflux was significantly higher than the remaining types of LPR (χ2=297.12,P<0.001). Except the gaseous weak-acid reflux, the occurrence of the remaining types of LPR showed a tendency to increase after meals, especially after dinner. Liquid acid reflux events occurred mainly between after dinner and the following morning, and 47.11% (57/121) of them occurred within 3 h after dinner. There was a significant positive association between Reflux Symptom Index scores and gaseous weak-acid reflux(r=0.127,P<0.01), liquid acid reflux(r=0.205,P<0.01) and liquid weak-acid reflux(r=0.103,P<0.05)events. Conclusions: With the exception of gaseous weak-acid reflux events, the occurrence of the remaining types of LPR events has a tendency to increase after meals, especially after dinner. Gaseous weak-acid reflux events accounts for the largest proportion of all types of LPR events, but the pathogenic mechanisms of gaseous weak-acid reflux are needed to further investigate.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of Chaiyin Granules in treatment of influenza / 中国中药杂志

This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of Chaiyin Granules compared with Oseltamivir Phosphate Capsules in the treatment of influenza(exogenous wind-heat syndrome). Based on a randomized, double-blind, positive drug parallel control clinical trial, this study evaluated the pharmacoeconomics of Chaiyin Granules with cost-effectiveness analysis method. A total of 116 patients with influenza from eight hospitals(grade Ⅱ level A above) in 6 cities were selected in this study, including 78 cases in the experimental group with Chaiyin Granules and Oseltamivir Phosphate Capsules placebo, and 38 cases in the control group with Oseltamivir Phosphate Capsules and Chaiyin Granules placebo. The total cost of this study included direct medical cost, direct non-medical cost, and indirect cost. The remission time of clinical symptoms, cure time/cure rate, antipyretic onset time/complete antipyretic time, viral nucleic acid negative rate, and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) syndrome curative effect were selected as the effect indicators for cost-effectiveness analysis. Four-quadrant diagram was used to estimate the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. The results showed that Chaiyin Granules were not inferior to Oseltamivir Phosphate Capsules in the remission time of clinical symptoms of influenza(3.1 d vs 2.9 d, P=0.360, non-inferiority margin was 0.5 d). Compared with Oseltamivir Phosphate Capsules, Chaiyin Granules would delay the remission time of clinic symptoms of influenza for 1 d, but could save 213.9 yuan. 1 d delay in cure time could save 149.3 yuan; 1% reduction in the cure rate could save 8.2 yuan; 1 d delay in antipyretic onset time could save 295.4 yuan; 1 d delay in complete antipyretic time could save 114.3 yuan; 1% reduction in the 5-day cure rate of TCM syndrome could save 19.2 yuan. Different from other indicators, there was no statistically significant difference between two groups in the effect of negative conversion rate of viral nucleic acid, but the cost was lower and the effect was superior, and the pharmacoeconomics was not different from that of Oseltamivir Phosphate Capsules in the field of influenza treatment.

Hollow copper sulfide nanoparticles loading deferoxamine for photothermal antibacterial therapy and promoting angiogenesis / 药学学报

Diabetic ulcer is recognized as a chronic nonhealing wound, often associated with bacterial infection and tissue necrosis, which seriously affect patients' health and quality of life. The traditional treatment methods exist some problems, such as bacterial resistance and secondary trauma, so it is urgent to find new methods to meet the requirements of diabetic ulcer treatment. In this study, we prepared a drug delivery system (DFO@CuS nanoparticles) based on hollow copper sulfide (CuS) nanoparticles loaded with deferoxamine (DFO), which realized the synergistic therapy of promoting angiogenesis and photothermal antibacterial. The morphological structure and particle size distribution of DFO@CuS nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and particle size analyzer, respectively. The antibacterial effect of DFO@CuS nanoparticles was evaluated by the plate coating method. The effects of DFO@CuS nanoparticles on the proliferation, migration, and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were evaluated by CCK-8 (cell counting kit-8) assay, cell scratch assay, and tube formation assay. The results showed that DFO@CuS nanoparticles were hollow and spherical in shape with an average particle size of (200.9 ± 8.6) nm. DFO@CuS nanoparticles could effectively inhibit the growth of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) under near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation. DFO@CuS nanoparticles showed negligible cytotoxicity and effective acceleration of cell migration and tube formation in a certain concentration range. In conclusion, the prepared DFO@CuS nanoparticles exhibit good photothermal antibacterial properties and pro-angiogenic effects, providing a basis for their application in the treatment of diabetic ulcer.

Luteolin regulates M1 macrophage polarization by inhibiting glycolytic pathway induced by HIF-1 / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the effect of luteolin on M1 macrophages polarization through HIF-1α-mediated glycolytic pathway. Methods RAW264.7 cells were divided into control groups(M0)and LPS+IFN-γ groups(M1). M1 groups were further divided into luteolin group, 2-DG(glycolysis inhibitor)group, luteolin+2-DG group,luteolin+DMOG(HIF-1α agonist)group. The protein expression levels of iNOS, Arg-1 and HIF-1α were detected by Western blot. Macrophage phenotype was detected by flow cytometry. In addition, the expression levels of IL-6 and IL-10 were measured by ELISA. The gene expression levels of GLUT1, HK2, PFK1, PK and HIF-1α were quantified by quantitative real-time PCR. Results Compared with M1 groups, luteolin and luteolin+2-DG treatment groups decreased the expression levels of GLUT1, HK2, PFK1, PK and HIF-1α related to glycolysis. In addition, luteolin and luteolin+2-DG treatment group significantly inhibited the expression of M1 macrophage markers such as iNOS, CD86 and IL-6, whereas up-regulated M2 macrophage markers Arg-1, CD206 and IL-10. Notably, the inhibitory effects of luteolin on M1 macrophages were restored by DMOG. Conclusion Luteolin regulates M1 macrophage polarization by inhibiting the glycolytic pathway induced by HIF-1α.

Correlation between ARID5B Gene SNP and MTX Resistance in Children with ALL / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the correlation between single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of ARID5B gene and resistance to methotrexate (MTX) in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).@*METHODS@#A total of 144 children with ALL who were treated in General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University from January 2015 to November 2021 were enrolled and divided into MTX resistant group and non-MTX resistant group, with 72 cases in each group. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) technology was used to measure the SNP of ARID5B gene in all children and analyze its correlation with MTX resistant.@*RESULTS@#There were no significant differences in the genotype and gene frequency of rs7923074, rs10821936, rs6479778, and rs2893881 between MTX resistant group and non-MTX resistant group (P>0.05). The frequency of C/C genotype in the MTX resistant group was significantly higher than that in the non-MTX resistant group, while the frequency of T/T genotype was opposite (P<0.05). The frequency of C allele in the MTX resistant group was significantly higher than that in the non-MTX resistant group, while the frequency of T allele was opposite (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that ARID5B gene rs4948488 TT genotype and T allele frequency were risk factors for MTX resistant in ALL children (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The SNP of ARID5B gene is associated with MTX resistant in ALL children.

Analysis on the Current Situation of Third-party Recruitment Companies in Clinical Trials and Research on Ethical Management Countermeasures / 中国医学伦理学

【Objective:】 Third-party research participants recruitment companies and their recruitment businesses are in the ascendant. To analyze the current situation of company construction, clinical trial application, and ethical review, and discuss and propose ethical management suggestions based on work experience. 【Methods:】 The recruitment of research participants related to the projects approved by the ethics committee in our hospital in the past two years was investigated by questionnaire to comprehend and analyze the data of the third-party recruitment company in construction, application, and ethical review. 【Results:】 This paper found the problems of the third-party recruitment company in the application of clinical trials, the company’s own construction, and the standardization of ethical review, and analyzed the phenomenon and causes of the problems based on work experience. 【Conclusion:】 Although the application of third-party recruitment companies is becoming more and more extensive, it is still in a mixed state of pros and cons. It is necessary for all parties to work together to further standardize and constrain them, so as to protect the rights and interests of research participants and effectively support clinical trial research.

Implementation of points-based household registration policy for voluntary blood donors in Nanjing / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To analyze the implementation effect of points-based household registration policy for blood donors in Nanjing, so as to provide reference for other provinces and cities to develop incentive policies for blood donation. 【Methods】 The basic demographic profile, registration situation and deferral reasons of blood donors who applied for points-based household registration from 2017 to 2021 were analyzed by Excel. 【Results】 1) A total of 388 blood donors applied for points-based household registration for blood donation from 2017 to 2021, accounting for 0.042% of the total blood donors in Nanjing (388/923 160), and 357 applications were approved, accounting for 0.039% (357/923 160). 2) The proportion of male applicants was higher than that of female applicants (55.15% vs 44.85%). Applicants aged 26~35 accounted for the largest, followed by applicants aged 36~45, and applicants aged 18~25 accounted for the least. The proportion of applicants in Jiangsu province(23.27%) was higher than that of applicants from other provinces. The top three occupations were employees, workers and jobless. In terms of education level, applicants with junior high school education or below accounted for the largest, followed by high school and secondary school (35.05% vs 29.38% vs 23.20%). The proportion of first-time blood donors was the highest (33.24%). Among the repeated blood donors, blood donors who donated blood 2~3 times were with the highest share (23.93%). Nineteen donors(4.90%) got more than 100 points. 3) A total of 31 blood donors were deferred from 2017 to 2021, accounting for 7.90% of the total applicants. Among them, 23 applicants donated in other cities than Nanjing, 5 applicants failed to provide valid blood donation certificates, and 3 applicants submitted irrelevant material. 【Conclusion】 The implementation of points-based household registration policy for voluntary blood donors in Nanjing helped blood donors who could not reach other points due to low education level and income to become registered permanent residence in Nanjing

Malondialdehyde levels in diabetic retinopathy patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#It remains unclear whether circulating malondialdehyde (MDA) levels change in people with diabetic retinopathy (DR). This systematic review compared circulating MDA levels in diabetic people with and without DR.@*METHODS@#PubMed, Medline (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), and Web of Science were searched for case-control studies conducted before May 2022 in English that compared circulating MDA levels in people with and without DR. The following MeSH search terms were used: ("malondialdehyde" or "thiobarbituric acid reactive substances [TBARS]" or "lipid peroxidation" or "oxidative stress") and "diabetic retinopathy." Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale was used to evaluate the quality of the included studies. Random-effects pairwise meta-analysis pooled the effect size with standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).@*RESULTS@#This meta-analysis included 29 case-control studies with 1680 people with DR and 1799 people with diabetes but not DR. Compared to people without DR, the circulating MDA levels were higher in those with DR (SMD, 0.897; 95% CI, 0.631 to 1.162; P  < 0.001). The study did not identify credible subgroup effects or publication bias and the sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of the study.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Circulating MDA levels are higher in people with DR compared to those without. Future comparative studies that use more specific methods are required to draw firm conclusions.@*REGISTRATION@#PROSPERO; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/ ; No. CRD42022352640.

Safety and efficacy of XEN gel drainage tube implantation in the treatment of refractory glaucoma / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To preliminarily evaluate the efficacy and safety of XEN drainage tube implantation in the treatment of refractory glaucoma.METHODS: The clinical data of 10 patients(11 eyes)with refractory glaucoma who underwent XEN gel drainage tube implantation in Peking University Third Hospital from September 2021 to January 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were followed-up for 8-12mo after surgery, the intraocular pressure(IOP)and the use of IOP lowering medication were observed, and the effect of the surgery was evaluated.RESULTS: The highest IOP was 21-55(median 35)mmHg before surgery and 10-40(median 15)mmHg at the last follow-up. There were 2-4(median 4)kinds of IOP lowering drugs before operation and 0-4(median 0)kinds of IOP lowering drugs at the last follow-up. Up to the last follow-up, the surgery was successful in 8 eyes and unsuccessful in 3 eyes.CONCLUSION: Implantation of XEN gel drainage tube is a safe and effective method for the treatment of refractory glaucoma.

Potential therapeutic use of plant flavonoids in AD and PD.

Background: Millions of people suffer from Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) worldwide. Due to their complex pathology, no effective pharmacological treatment has been found to date, despite extensive research. Developing new, effective therapeutic agents to cure these disease remains a major challenge. Although the cause of AD and PD remains illusive, numerous studies indicates that oxidative stress and neuro-inflammation lead to neurodegeneration in the central nervous system and play vital role in AD and PD morbidity and progression. Flavonoids, which are found widely in nature, exhibit anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-mutative, anti-microbial, and neuroprotective properties, so have potential to treat these two kinds of diseases. Methods: In this review, we focus on the anti-oxidative and neuroprotective action of flavonoids in attenuating Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, and how they might be harnessed in the development of new pharmacological agents to treat these two diseases. Result: Some flavonoid compounds, like hesperidin, naringin, naringenin, tangeretin, nobiletin, silibinin, Epigallocatechin-3-gallate, displayed to be effective in both AD and PD. Conclusion: Considerable studies have demonstrated the anti-AD and anti-PD effects of flavonoids through various in vitro and in vivo models. However, more rigorous studies are needed to be done for flavonoids to develop into effective drugs and apply them to clinical practice.

IDH-mutated gliomas promote epileptogenesis through d-2-hydroxyglutarate-dependent mTOR hyperactivation.

BACKGROUND: Uncontrolled seizures in patients with gliomas have a significant impact on quality of life and morbidity, yet the mechanisms through which these tumors cause seizures remain unknown. Here, we hypothesize that the active metabolite d-2-hydroxyglutarate (d-2-HG) produced by the IDH-mutant enzyme leads to metabolic disruptions in surrounding cortical neurons that consequently promote seizures. METHODS: We use a complementary study of in vitro neuron-glial cultures and electrographically sorted human cortical tissue from patients with IDH-mutant gliomas to test this hypothesis. We utilize micro-electrode arrays for in vitro electrophysiological studies in combination with pharmacological manipulations and biochemical studies to better elucidate the impact of d-2-HG on cortical metabolism and neuronal spiking activity. RESULTS: We demonstrate that d-2-HG leads to increased neuronal spiking activity and promotes a distinct metabolic profile in surrounding neurons, evidenced by distinct metabolomic shifts and increased LDHA expression, as well as upregulation of mTOR signaling. The increases in neuronal activity are induced by mTOR activation and reversed with mTOR inhibition. CONCLUSION: Together, our data suggest that metabolic disruptions in the surrounding cortex due to d-2-HG may be a driving event for epileptogenesis in patients with IDH-mutant gliomas.

Spores morphology of the family Pteridaceae from Shandong Province, China.

In this article, we explored systematically the spore morphology of Pteridaceae by observation of the species distributed in Shandong Province using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the spore morphology of all the species in the family is tetrahedral and trilete. The characters of spore ornamentation are intraspecies stable, but significantly different among species and genera. Spore morphology is significant in exploring the phylogenetic relationships of Pteridaceae as well as in generic and specific delimitations.

Assessment of retinal microcirculation alterations in glaucoma by optical coherence tomography angiography / 中华实验眼科杂志

Microcirculation alterations of the human retina are of significant relevance with glaucoma.Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a non-invasive examination that provides signals of the retina and retinal microcirculation.It is currently widely used in research and screening for glaucoma due to its effective detection of each layer in the retinal microcirculation.Vessel density of radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) is positively correlated with the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, which is crucial in the assessment of glaucoma.Peripapillary region and macula are regions of interest in OCTA analysis for microcirculation.Vessel density of the whole retina and RPC in the peripapillary region decreases significantly, which matches the thinned retinal fiber layer thickness and visual field defects, and is relevant to the disease severity.As for the macular region, vessel density declines while the area of the foveal avascular zone increases.Greater changes in late-stage glaucoma and normal-tension glaucoma are detected by OCTA compared with other stages and types of glaucoma.OCTA imaging may be influenced by high myopia and intraocular pressure, and the peripapillary region is of greater diagnostic value than macula in microcirculation changes.In conclusion, OCTA can serve as a new technique for the assessment of retinal microcirculation in glaucoma.This review summarized the characteristics of retinal microcirculation in OCTA images and its change in peripapillary and macular region in glaucoma eyes.Influencing factors associated with peripapillary and macular microcirculation changes in OCTA images and evaluation of peripapillary and macular microcirculation in glaucoma by OCTA and their diagnostic values were reviewed.

Research progress in ultrasound cycloplasty for the treatment of glaucoma / 中华实验眼科杂志

Surgery to destroy the ciliary body is an effective means to reduce the intraocular pressure in glaucoma.Ultrasound cycloplasty (UCP) is a computer-aided automatic operation that produces high-intensity focused ultrasound to induce ciliary body coagulation through miniaturized transducers.UCP reduces intraocular pressure mainly by destroying ciliary process epithelial cells and increasing uveoscleral outflow.With a wide range of indications, UCP is mainly used for refractory glaucoma, including patients with or without history of anti-glaucoma surgery.It can reduce intraocular pressure safely and efficiently with good outcome, and can be used as a reproducible effective alternative to non-invasive glaucoma surgery.The effect of UCP is better in patients with angle-closure glaucoma, high intraocular pressure before operation, application of second-generation probe and long exposure time.In order to provide reference for clinical treatment and research, the indications, surgical procedures, precautions, mechanism of action, effectiveness, safety, factors affecting therapeutic effect and the deficiencies of researches about UCP in the treatment of glaucoma were reviewed in this article.

Real world study of ixazomib combined with lenalidomide and dexamethasone in treatment of multiple myeloma / 白血病·淋巴瘤

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of ixazomib combined with lenalidomide and dexamethasone (IRd) regimen in treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) patients in the real world practice.Methods:The clinical data of 24 MM patients treated with IRd regimen from January 2019 to January 2021 in the Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology were retrospectively analyzed, and their efficacy and adverse reactions were analyzed. Among the 24 patients, 5 patients were relapsed and refractory (relapsed/refractory group), and 19 newly treated patients (conversion group) who responded to bortezomib induction therapy but converted to IRd regimen due to adverse reactions or other reasons.Results:The 24 patients were treated for a median of 4 cycles (2-7 cycles), with 8 cases of complete remission (CR), 6 cases of very good partial remission (VGPR), 8 cases of partial remission (PR), 1 case of disease progression (PD), 1 case of minimal response (MR), and the overall response rate (ORR) was 91.7% (22/24); the median progression-free survival (PFS) time was 15 months (95% CI 6.6-23.4 months); 6 CR patients were negative for minimal residual disease (MRD). The common adverse reactions were hematological adverse reactions, peripheral neuropathy, fatigue, gastrointestinal reactions, and infections. The incidence rate of grade 3-4 adverse reactions was 25.0% (6/24). In the relapsed/refractory group, the best efficacy was VGPR in 1 case, PR in 3 cases, and MR in 1 case, all patients withdrew from the IRd regimen therapy due to PD after transient remission or poor effect; in the conversion group, the best efficacy was CR in 8 cases, VGPR in 5 cases, PR in 5 cases, and PD in 1 case, 57.9% (11/19) patients maintained their original best response, and 36.8% (7/19) patients improved their best response to CR; the difference in median PFS time between the two groups was statistically significant (7 months vs. not reached, P = 0.018). Conclusions:The IRd regimen is safe and effective for MM patients, especially for the conversion patients after effective bortezomib induction therapy. Although patients with relapsed/refractory MM who have previously used multi-line therapy respond to IRd regimen, the duration of remission is limited.

Practical exploration and research on improving the efficiency of ethical review / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective:To solve the dilemma between the traditional ethics review management model and the fast development of biomedical research involving human subject, and to effectively summarize the practical experience to improve the efficiency of ethics review.Methods:A series of measures, such as reorganizing the ethics committee, adjusting the operating procedures of the office and optimizing the process of joint review were reviewed and summarized. The successful experience of relevant measures is systematically shared in practice.Results:The practice proved that these measures effectively guaranteed the fast development of clinical trials and research in our hospital during the past two years.Conclusions:The author hopes to strengthen the discussion and exchange with professionals in the industry through the successful practical experience of our hospital, and contribute to the improvement of the level of ethical management in China.

Growth differentiation factor 15 and obesity / 中国药理学通报

Growth differentiation factor 15(GDF15) is a member of transforming growth factor β superfamily. Animal studies find that GDF15, bounding with centrally expressed receptors, reduces body weight by inhibiting food intake and by enhancing energy metabolism. In addition, GDF15 is also involved in the effects of tumor cachexia and platinum-based chemotherapy on body weight. GDF15 and its receptor could be potential targets for the treatment of such diseases.