International standard of Traditional Chinese Medicine techniques: the operating specifications for Chinese medicated bath (2022).

Chinese medicated bath is one of the external therapies in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), which has been widely used clinically. The "International Standard of Traditional Chinese Medicine Techniques: The Operating Specifications for Chinese Medicated Bath" is drawn up by the Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital and Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Xiamen Hospital in collaboration with domestic TCM universities and hospitals. The specification includes definition, operating process, points for attention and contraindications. It is targeted to provide reference for TCM providers at home and abroad with TCM background in clinical decision-making.

Efficacy and safety of oliceridine for treatment of moderate to severe pain after surgery with general anesthesia: a prospective, randomized, double-blinded, multicenter, positive-controlled clinical trial / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of oliceridine for treatment of moderate to severe pain after surgery with general anesthesia in patients.Methods:The patients with moderate to severe pain (numeric pain rating scale ≥4) after abdominal surgery with general anesthesia from 14 hospitals between July 6, 2021 and November 9, 2021 were included in this study. The patients were assigned to either experiment group or control group using a random number table method. Experiment group received oliceridine, while control group received morphine, and both groups were treated with a loading dose plus patient-controlled analgesia and supplemental doses for 24 h. The primary efficacy endpoint was the drug response rate within 24 h after giving the loading dose. Secondary efficacy endpoints included early (within 1 h after giving the loading dose) drug response rates and use of rescue medication. Safety endpoints encompassed the development of respiratory depression and other adverse reactions during treatment.Results:After randomization, both the full analysis set and safety analysis set comprised 180 cases, with 92 in experiment group and 88 in control group. The per-protocol set included 170 cases, with 86 in experiment group and 84 in control group. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in 24-h drug response rates, rescue analgesia rates, respiratory depression, and incidence of other adverse reactions ( P>0.05). The analysis of full analysis set showed that the experiment group had a higher drug response rate at 5-30 min after giving the loading dose compared to control group ( P<0.05). The per-protocol set analysis indicated that experiment group had a higher drug response rate at 5-15 min after giving the loading dose than control group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:When used for treatment of moderate to severe pain after surgery with general anesthesia in patients, oliceridine provides comparable analgesic efficacy to morphine, with a faster onset.

Construction and validation of a risk prediction model for pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy / 中华内分泌外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the risk factors of pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy and establish the risk graph model of pancreatic fistula.Methods:The clinical data of 147 patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy from Jan. 2018 to Jan. 2021 in Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Northern Theater Command General Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. The independent risk factors for postoperative pancreatic fistula were determined by univariate and multivariate analysis, and the linear graph model for predicting individual pancreatic fistula was drawn. The area under the subject operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the model differentiation, the calibration curve was used to evaluate the model calibration, and finally the clinical application value of the model was evaluated by the clinical decision curve (DCA) .Results:The incidence of pancreatic fistula was 38.1%, including grade B pancreatic fistula in 49 cases and Grade C pancreatic fistula in 7 cases. Univariate analysis showed that operation method, body mass index (BMI), pancreatic texture, pancreatic duct diameter and lesion location were the related factors for postoperative pancreatic fistula. Multivariate analysis showed that BMI>25 kg/m 2, pancreatic soft texture, pancreatic duct diameter ≤3 mm and non-pancreatic diseases were independent risk factors for postoperative pancreatic fistula. According to the results of multiple factors, a prediction model of the nomogram was drawn, and the area under the subject operating characteristic curve of the model was calculated as AUC=0.792 (95% CI: 0.718-0.867). The calibration curve was drawn through internal verification of re-sampling, and the fitting curve swung around the 45° reference line, showing a high calibration degree; Clinical decision curve (DCA) analysis showed that the threshold probability was between 15% and 75% for maximum net benefit. It had good clinical application value. Conclusions:BMI>25 kg/m 2, soft pancreas, pancreatic duct diameter ≤3 mm and non-pancreatic diseases are independent risk factors for pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy. The established line graph model has good predictive efficiency and can effectively predict the occurrence of postoperative pancreatic fistula.

Application of magnetic foreign body extractor in metal foreign body of upper digestive tract children / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective:To explore the clinical application of magnetic foreign body extractor in metal foreign body of upper digestive tract children.Methods:The clinical data of 115 children with metallic foreign bodies in the upper digestive tract who were admitted to the Department of Pediatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, from January 2017 to September 2022, were selected as subjects.All the metallic foreign bodies were removed by a self-made metallic foreign body extractor in the department.The clinical characteristics of the metallic foreign bodies in the upper digestive tract were comprehensively analyzed by using descriptive analysis methods, summarize the age, gender, metallic foreign body type, number of the metallic foreign bodies, incarcerated location, retention time, clinical symptoms and complications.Results:A total of 115 children with metallic foreign bodies in the upper digestive tract were included in the analysis, involving 51 males and 64 females, with a mean age of (3.63±2.28) years.The majority was children aged 0-3 years (68/115, 59.1%). Coins (86 cases, 74.8%) were the major foreign bodies in metal foreign body of upper digestive tract, followed by button batteries (11 cases, 9.6%), magnetic balls (8 cases, 7.0%), and others (10 cases, 8.6%). The main clinical symptoms were nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, chest pain, and foreign body sensation, and button battery ingestion and magnetic balls were easy to produce complications.The primary retention sites of metallic foreign bodies were the gastric fundus (75 cases, 65.2%), followed by upper esophageal segment (38 cases, 33.0%) and lower esophageal segment(2 cases, 1.7%).Conclusions:In children′s metal foreign body of upper digestive tract, coins are the most common foreign bodies that are easily retained in the stomach fundus.Button batteries are prone to cause severe complications and should be removed timely.The self-made metallic foreign body extractor in our department can remove coins, batteries, magnetic balls, nails, chains, party emblems and other metallic foreign bodies.It can shorten the operation time, improve the removal efficiency, and featured by active search, strong adsorption, no mucosal damage and removal with the endoscope, which can be widely used in the clinical treatment of metallic foreign bodies.

Learning curve in laparoscopic left lateral hepatic sectionectomy / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Objective:To study the learning curve in laparoscopic left lateral hepatic sectionectomy.Methods:The clinical data of 62 consecutive patients who underwent left lateral hepatic sectionectomy by a single operator from February 2015 to May 2022 in General Hospital of Northern Theater Command were retrospectively analyzed. There were 22 males and 40 females, with mean ±s.d. of (50.7±11.7) years. The learning curve was depicted and evaluated by using the cumulative summation test. The general information, operation and postoperative indicators of the growth level group and the master level group were compared.Results:The average operation time of the 62 consecutive subjects was (172.9±70.1) minutes. Intraoperative blood loss was 100 (50, 200) ml. Two patients were converted to open hepatectomy. Clavien-Dindo grade I postoperative complications occurred in 20 patients (32.3%), with grade Ⅱ in 1 patient (1.6%) and grade Ⅲb in another patient (1.6%). The learning curve reached its highest point on the 20th patient by using the cumulative summation test. The study subjects were then assigned into the growth level group (patient 1-20) and the master level group (patient 21-62). The master level group had a significantly wider spread of patient age [(52.9±11.0) years vs (46.1±11.9) years], decreased operation time [(146.8±55.6) min vs (227.9±66.7) min], shortened drainage tube removal time [4(3, 5) d vs 6(4, 7) d] and decreased postoperative hospital stay [5(5, 7) d vs 6.5(4, 9) d] (all P<0.05) when compared with the growth level group. Conclusion:Left lateral hepatic sectionectomy was safe and feasible, and a single operator went through a learning curve of 20 patients before he/she could master the operation more proficiently.

Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio at admission predicts hemorrhagic transformation after intravenous thrombolysis in patients with acute ischemic stroke / 国际脑血管病杂志

Objective:To investigate the risk factors for hemorrhagic transformation (HT) after intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS), and the predictive value of Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR).Methods:Consecutive patients with AIS received IVT in Zhengzhou People’s Hospital from January 2021 to December 2022 were retrospectively enrolled. HT was defined as no intracranial hemorrhage was found on the first imaging examination after admission, and new intracranial hemorrhage was found on the imaging examination 24 h after IVT or when symptoms worsened. sHT was defined as HT and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score increased by ≥4 compared to admission or required surgical treatment such as intubation and decompressive craniectomy. The baseline clinical and laboratory data of the patients were collected, and NLR, lymphocyte to monocyte ratio (LMR), and platelet to neutrophil ratio (PNR) were calculated. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the independent predictors of HT and sHT, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the predictive value of NLR for HT and sHT after IVT. Results:A total of 196 patients were included (age 65.37±13.10 years, 124 males [63.3%]). The median baseline NIHSS score was 4 (interquartile range: 2-10). Twenty patients (10.2%) developed HT, and 12 (6.1%) developed sHT. Univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in age, baseline NIHSS score, creatinine, NLR, and stroke etiology type between the HT group and the non-HT group (all P<0.05); there were statistically significant differences in age, NLR, PNR, creatinine, baseline NIHSS score, and stroke etiological type between the sHT group and the non-sHT group (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that NLR was an independent predictor of HT (odds ratio [ OR] 1.375, 95% confidence interval [ CI] 1.132-1.670; P=0.001) and sHT ( OR 1.647, 95% CI 1.177-2.304; P=0.004) after IVT. The ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve for predicting HT by NLR was 0.683 (95% CI 0.533-0.833; P=0.007), the optimal cutoff value was 5.78, the sensitivity and specificity were 55.0% and 84.1%, respectively. The area under the curve for predicting sHT by NLR was 0.784 (95% CI 0.720-0.839; P=0.001), the optimal cutoff value was 5.94, the sensitivity and specificity were 66.67% and 84.24%, respectively. Conclusions:A higher baseline NLR is associated with an increased risk of HT and sHT after IVT in patients with AIS, and can serve as a biomarker for predicting HT and sHT after IVT.

Clinical efficacy of laparoscopic hepatic caudate lobectomy / 中华消化外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of laparoscopic hepatic caudate lobectomy.Methods:The retrospective and descriptive study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 5 patients with hepatic caudate lobe tumor who were admitted to the General Hospital of PLA Northern Theater Command from July 2018 to June 2021 were collected. There were 2 males and 3 females, aged 49(range, 26-55)years. All 5 patients underwent laparoscopic hepatic caudate lobectomy. Observation indicators: (1) intraoperative situations; (2) postoperative situations; (3) follow-up. Follow-up was conducted using telephone interview or outpatient examination to detect tumor recurrence. The follow-up was up to March 2023. Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M(range) and count data were described as absolute numbers. Results:(1) Intraoperative situations. All 5 patients underwent laparoscopic hepatic caudate lobectomy with the left approach, including 3 cases receiving laparoscopic partial resection of hepatic caudate lobe, 1 case receiving laparoscopic partial resection of hepatic caudate lobe+left lateral lobectomy and 1 case receiving laparoscopic partial resection of hepatic caudate lobe+cholecystectomy. Intraoperative hilar occlusion was performed in 3 patients. The operation time and volume of intraoperative blood loss of 5 patients was 240(range, 180-370)minutes and150(range, 100-200)mL, respectively. (2) Postoperative situations. On the first day after surgery, the levels of albumin, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase in 5 patients was 32.9(range, 29.2-40.3)g/L, 104.09(range, 57.11-1 018.67)U/L, and 67.13(range, 58.00-852.66)U/L, respectively. Three of 5 patients showed no significant changes in prothrombin time (PT) on the first day after surgery, while two patients did not undergo PT test. On the third day after surgery, the visual analogue score of 5 patients was mild pain. Among the 5 patients, 1 case had anal exhaust on the postoperative 1st day, and 4 cases had anal exhaust on the postoperative 2nd day. The time to drainage tube removal for 5 patients was 6(range, 4-10)days. There was no postoperative complication such as bleeding, infection, bile leakage or liver failure in 5 patients. Results of postoperative histopathological examination showed that 2 cases with adenoma, 2 cases with cavernous hemangioma and 1 case with smooth myolipoma. The duration of postoperative hospital stay of 5 patients was 6(range, 5-11)days. (3) Follow-up. All 5 patients were followed up for 22 (range, 19-51)months, and there was no tumor recurrence.Conclusion:It is safe and feasible to selectively carry out laparoscopic hepatic caudate lobectomy by strictly gras-ping the indications.

A case report of pelvic aggressive angiomyxoma / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Aggressive angiomyxoma (AAM) is a rare clinical entity. A case of AAM was reported in this paper. The patient presented with severe hydronephrosis of the left kidney and was diagnosed with a pelvic mass compressing the ureter. The patient underwent laparoscopic resection of the pelvic mass. The postoperative pathology and immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis of AAM. The patient had no recurrence and metastasis after 9 months of follow-up.

Prediction model of recurrence after parathyroidectomy in secondary hyperparathyroidism / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective:To quantitatively evaluate the risk of recurrence in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism after parathyroidectomy. Methods:The clinical data of 168 patients who underwent parathyroidectomy（PTX） from June 2017 to May 2019 were collected. The prediction model was constructed by using Akaike information criterion（AIC） to screen factors. A total of 158 patients treated with PTX from June 2019 to September 2021 were included in the validation set to conduct external validation of the model in three aspects of differentiation, consistency and clinical utility. Results:The prediction model we constructed includes different dialysis methods, ectopic parathyroid gland, the iPTH level at one day and one month after surgery, the number of excisional parathyroid and postoperative blood phosphorus. The C index of external validation of this model is 0.992 and the P value of the Calibration curve is 0.886[KG0.5mm]1. The decision curve analysis also shows that the evaluation effect of this model is perfect. Conclusion:The prediction model constructed in this study is useful for individualized prediction of recurrence after PTX in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism.

Genome-wide CRISPR activation screen identifies novel receptors for SARS-CoV-2 entry

The ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been endangering worldwide public health and economy. SARS-CoV-2 infects a variety of tissues where the known receptor ACE2 is low or almost absent, suggesting the existence of alternative pathways for virus entry. Here, we performed a genome-wide barcoded-CRISPRa screen to identify novel host factors that enable SARS-CoV-2 infection. In addition to known host proteins, i.e. ACE2, TMPRSS2 and NRP1, we identified multiple host components, among which LDLRAD3, TMEM30A and CLEC4G were confirmed as functional receptors for SARS-CoV-2. All these membrane proteins bind directly to spikes N-terminal domain (NTD). Their essential and physiological roles have all been confirmed in either neuron or liver cells. In particular, LDLRAD3 and CLEC4G mediate SARS-CoV-2 entry and infection in a fashion independent of ACE2. The identification of the novel receptors and entry mechanisms could advance our understanding of the multiorgan tropism of SARS-CoV-2, and may shed light on the development of the therapeutic countermeasures against COVID-19.

Predicting hosts based on early SARS-CoV-2 samples and analyzing later world-wide pandemic in 2020

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has raised the concern for identifying hosts of the virus since the early-stage outbreak. To address this problem, we proposed a deep learning method, DeepHoF, based on extracting the viral genomic features automatically, to predict host likelihood scores on five host types, including plant, germ, invertebrate, non-human vertebrate and human, for novel viruses. DeepHoF made up for the lack of an accurate tool applicable to any novel virus and overcame the limitation of the sequence similarity-based methods, reaching a satisfactory AUC of 0.987 on the five-classification. Additionally, to fill the gap in the efficient inference of host species for SARS-CoV-2 using existed tools, we conducted a deep analysis on the host likelihood profile calculated by DeepHoF. Using the isolates sequenced in the earliest stage of COVID-19, we inferred minks, bats, dogs and cats were potential hosts of SARS-CoV-2, while minks might be one of the most noteworthy hosts. Several genes of SARS-CoV-2 demonstrated their significance in determining the host range. Furthermore, the large-scale genome analysis, based on DeepHoFs computation for the later world-wide pandemic in 2020, disclosed the uniformity of host range among SARS-CoV-2 samples and the strong association of SARS-CoV-2 between humans and minks.

Circular RNA Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 and Emerging Variants

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its emerging variants of concern (VOC), such as Delta (B.1.617.2) and Omicron (B.1.1.529), has continued to drive the worldwide pandemic. Therefore, there is a high demand for vaccines with enhanced efficacy, high thermostability, superior design flexibility, and fast manufacturing speed. Here, we report a circular RNA (circRNA) vaccine that encodes the trimeric RBD of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein. Without the need of nucleotide modification, 5-capping or 3-polyadenylation, circRNA could be rapidly produced via in vitro transcription and is highly thermostable whether stored in naked or lipid-nanoparticle (LNP)-encapsulated format. LNP-encapsulated circRNARBD elicited potent neutralizing antibodies and T cell responses, providing robust protection against Beta (B.1.351) and native viruses in mice and rhesus macaques, respectively. Notably, circRNA vaccine enabled higher and more durable antigen production than 1m{Psi}-modified mRNA vaccine, eliciting a higher proportion of neutralizing antibodies and stronger Th1-biased immune responses. Importantly, we found that circRNARBD-Omicron vaccine induced effective neutralizing antibodies against only Omicron but not Delta variant. By contrast, circRNARBD-Delta could elicit high level of neutralizing antibodies against both Delta and Omicron. Following two doses of either native- or Delta-specific vaccination, circRNARBD-Delta, but not Omicron or Beta vaccines, could effectively boost the neutralizing antibodies against both Delta and Omicron variants. These results suggest that circRNARBD-Delta is a favorable choice for vaccination to provide a broad-spectrum protection against the current variants of concern of SARS-CoV-2.

Application of ultrasound-guided endoscopic retrograde appendicitis therapy in children with uncomplicated appendicitis / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective:To study the value of ultrasound-guided endoscopic retrograde appendicitis therapy in children with uncomplicated appendicitis.Methods:This study was a single center, retrospective study, including all electronic cases of appendicitis diagnosed clinically in Department of Pediatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University from October 2018 to October 2020 and received ultrasound-guided endoscopic retrograde appendicitis therapy.The clinical features, treatment and prognosis of the children were retrospectively analyzed.Results:A total of 152 electronic cases were included, there were 77 males and 75 females, aged(6.84±3.09) years.All the 152 children were treated with ultrasound-guided endoscopic retrograde appendicitis therapy.Intubation success rate and clinical success rate was 98.03%(149/152 cases)and 97.99%(146/149 cases), respectively.The median time of endoscopic therapy was 42.50 (31.00, 56.00) minutes.Mean postoperative hospital stay was (2.81 ±1.41) days, and the mean total hospital stay was (4.19 ±1.71) days.A total of 139 patients were followed up with a median follow-up time of 5 (1, 26) months.During the follow-up, the recurrence rate was 7.19%(10/139 cases), and the median time of recurrence was 2 (1, 3) months.Conclusions:Ultrasound-guided endoscopic retrograde appendicitis therapy had high effective rate and low recurrence rate in children with uncomplicated appendicitis, preserved the physiological function of appendix and avoided radiation damage.It can be used as a safe and effective treatment for acute and chronic uncomplicated appendicitis in children.

Research progress on identification technology of emerging infectious diseases / 公共卫生与预防医学

In recent years, the increasingly frequent contact between humans and wild animals, coupled with the continuous mutation and evolution of pathogenic microorganisms, has led to a continuous increase and frequent outbreaks in emerging infectious diseases (EIDs), which has posed big threats and challenges to the global public health. On the occasion of the next outbreak of EIDs, it is hoped that the two major questions of "what is the pathogen" and "where does the pathogen come from" can be answered accurately and quickly through the rational use of relevant technical methods, so as to timely and effectively warn and control the outbreak of EIDs from the source. This article summarizes the pathogen identification and traceability analysis techniques of current emerging infectious diseases, and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of various technologies and their respective application fields.

Role of adiponectin in sevoflurane pretreatment-induced improvement in cognitive function in mice with myocardial ischemia/reperfusion / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the role of adiponectin in sevoflurane pretreatment-induced improvement in cognitive function in mice with myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R).Methods:Thirty SPF healthy adult male wild-type C57 mice, aged 8-10 weeks, weighing 20-25 g, were divided into 3 groups ( n=10 each) using a random number table method: sham operation group (group Sham), myocardial I/R group (group MI/R) and sevoflurane pretreatment group (group SP). Another 10 SPF healthy male adiponectin knockout SPF mice, aged 8-10 weeks, weighing 20-25 g, were selected and served as APNKO group.Myocardial I/R was induced by 30 min occlusion of anterior descending branch of left coronary artery followed by reperfusion.In SP and APNKO groups, sevoflurane pretreatment included 3 cycles of 10-minute inhalation of 2% sevoflurane-93% O 2-5% CO 2 interspersed with 15-minute inhalation of 95% O 2-5% CO 2, and then the model was established.At 1, 2 and 4 days of reperfusion, cognitive function was assessed by Morris water maze test. Results:There was no significant difference in swimming velocity at each time point between the 4 groups ( P>0.05). Compared with group Sham, the escape latency was significantly prolonged, and the frequency of crossing the original platform was decreased at each time point in group MI/R ( P<0.05). Compared with group MI/R, the escape latency was significantly shortened, and the frequency of crossing the original platform was increased at each time point in group SP ( P<0.05). Compared with group SP, the escape latency was significantly prolonged, and the frequency of crossing the original platform was decreased at each time point in group APNKO ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Adiponectin is involved in the process of sevoflurane pretreatment-induced improvement in cognitive function in mice with myocardial I/R.

Host and infectivity prediction of Wuhan 2019 novel coronavirus using deep learning algorithm

The recent outbreak of pneumonia in Wuhan, China caused by the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) emphasizes the importance of detecting novel viruses and predicting their risks of infecting people. In this report, we introduced the VHP (Virus Host Prediction) to predict the potential hosts of viruses using deep learning algorithm. Our prediction suggests that 2019-nCoV has close infectivity with other human coronaviruses, especially the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Bat SARS-like Coronaviruses and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Based on our prediction, compared to the Coronaviruses infecting other vertebrates, bat coronaviruses are assigned with more similar infectivity patterns with 2019-nCoVs. Furthermore, by comparing the infectivity patterns of all viruses hosted on vertebrates, we found mink viruses show a closer infectivity pattern to 2019-nCov. These consequences of infectivity pattern analysis illustrate that bat and mink may be two candidate reservoirs of 2019-nCov.These results warn us to beware of 2019-nCoV and guide us to further explore the properties and reservoir of it. One Sentence SummaryIt is of great value to identify whether a newly discovered virus has the risk of infecting human. Guo et al. proposed a virus host prediction method based on deep learning to detect what kind of host a virus can infect with DNA sequence as input. Applied to the Wuhan 2019 Novel Coronavirus, our prediction demonstrated that several vertebrate-infectious coronaviruses have strong potential to infect human. This method will be helpful in future viral analysis and early prevention and control of viral pathogens.

Clinical application of carbon nanoparticles suspension in operation of papillary thyroid carcinoma / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

The aim of this study is to evaluate the application of carbon nanoparticle lymphatic tracer in total thyroidectomy and bilateral Central District's thyroidectomy for papillary thyroid carcinoma. Sixty-four patients with cN0 papillary thyroid carcinoma that primary treated were random divided into two groups: Trial group and control group. Carbon nanoparticles suspension was injected into the thyroid gland of trial group patients.After ten minutes, total thyroidectomy plus bilateral central neck dissection was performed in the all patients. The black stained tissue in the dissection specimen of trial group was separated. The control group underwent total thyroidectomy plus bilateral central neck dissection. Total lymph node and parathyroid gland in the black stained tissue，and non-black stained tissue in the central compartment dissection specimen of trial group and central compartment dissection specimen of control group were counted respectively.Total lymph node, the mis-cut parathyroid glands in the adipose tissue of central lymph node，post-operative blood calcium and parathyroid hormone（PTH）of two groups were contrasted and analyzed. There are 235 lymph nodes in the black-stained tissue of central compartment dissection specimen of trial group.No parathyroid gland was found in the black-stained tissue.Five lymph nodes and 2 parathyroid glands were found in the non-black stained tissue of central compartment dissection specimen of trial group. There were 164 lymph nodes and 9 parathyroid glands in central compartment dissection specimen of control group. There is statistic difference between the number of lymph nodes in black stain tissue and that of control group（=8.291, =0.000）.Rate of staining lymph node were 97.9 percent. No parathyroid glands were found in the black stained tissue. Nine mis-cut parathyroid glands（7.0%） were observed in the control group，while 2（1.6%） in the trial group（<0.05）.None permanent hypocalcemia and PTH decrease were observed in the two groups.There were 10 patients（31.3%） with temporary hypocalcemia and 9 patients（28.1%）with temporary PTH decrease respectively in the control group，and there was 1 patient（3.1%） and 1 patient（3.1%） respectively in the trial group（<0.05）. The effect of nano-carbon is ideal, and the parathyroid gland can not be stained black. It can distinguish the thyroid tissue from the surrounding lymphoid adipose tissue and clearly mark the Central District lymph nodes, reduce the risk of parathyroid gland injury during thyroid cancer. Neck dissection in the central region can improve the efficiency of lymph node dissection, protect the parathyroid gland and reduce the risk of postoperative complications.

Effects of AMPA receptor regulatory protein on the apoptosis of oligodendrocyte precursor cells under hypoxia and hypoglycemia conditions / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective:To observe the variation of glutamate(AMPA) receptor interacting protein(GRIPs)and apoptosis of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs)under oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) condition, so as to explore the role of GRIPs in AMPA receptor-induced excitotoxic injury.Methods:OPCs were divided into control group, 60 min OGD group and 120 min OGD group.Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein expressions of GRIP1 and GRIP2 under OGD conditions.OPCs were divided into blank control group, OPCs+ OGD group, OPCs+ cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)+ OGD group, OPCs+ cAMP+ OGD+ GRIP1 small interfering RNA(siRNA) group, OPCs+ cAMP+ OGD+ GRIP1 siRNA negative control group, OPCs+ cAMP+ OGD+ GRIP2 siRNA group, OPCs+ cAMP+ OGD+ GRIP2 siRNA negative control group again, and terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling(TUNEL) kit was used to detect the apoptosis of each group.Fluo-4 fluorescent probe was used to measure the changes of intracellular free calcium.Results:OGD caused damage to OPCs, and the light microscope showed that the cell contour was not clear and the cell body retracts.The expressions of GRIP1 (1.233±0.060 vs.1.003±0.079, P<0.05) and GRIP2 (1.396±0.069 vs.1.001±0.037, P<0.05) were significantly higher than those in control group after 60 min of OGD was, and the longer the period of OGD, the higher the expression levels of GRIP1 (1.416±0.064 vs.1.233±0.060, P<0.01) and GRIP2 (1.680±0.018 vs.1.396±0.069, P<0.01) were.When GRIP1 and GRIP2 were down-regulated, the level of intracellular free calcium ion decreased(0.054±0.003 vs.0.074±0.003, P<0.01; 0.060±0.003 vs. 0.074±0.003, P<0.01), and the apoptosis rate decreased as well [(20.703±3.882)% vs.(11.470±1.679)%, P<0.05; (19.070±1.106)% vs.(14.448±0.849)%, P<0.01]. Conclusions:GRIP1 and GRIP2 are involved in the damage of OPCs that are caused by OGD, which may trigger AMPA receptor-mediated excitotoxicity by regulating Ca 2+ permeability.

Research progress on medical protective agents for ionizing radiation damage / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Nowadays, ionizing radiation has become one of the risk factors for human healthy. Exploring effective protective strategies are important topics in radiological medicine. Timely using of the radiation protection agents are the most direct and effective medical protective strategy for reducing the damage of ionizing radiation to normal tissues of the body. A large number of new radiation protective agents based on mechanisms such as scavenging of free radicals, promoting DNA damage repair, inducing hypoxia of irradiated tissues and blocking bystander effect have been developed gradually. This review summarizes a variety of radiation protective agents, and their potential molecular biological mechanisms reported in recent years, to provide theoretical reference for exploring novel medical protective agents of ionizing radiation.

Clinical application of carbon nanoparticles suspension in operation of papillary thyroid carcinoma / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective@#The aim of this study is to evaluate the application of carbon nanoparticle lymphatic tracer in total thyroidectomy and bilateral Central District's thyroidectomy for papillary thyroid carcinoma.@*Method@#Sixty-four patients with cN0 papillary thyroid carcinoma that primary treated were random divided into two groups: Trial group and control group. Carbon nanoparticles suspension was injected into the thyroid gland of trial group patients.After ten minutes, total thyroidectomy plus bilateral central neck dissection was performed in the all patients. The black stained tissue in the dissection specimen of trial group was separated. The control group underwent total thyroidectomy plus bilateral central neck dissection. Total lymph node and parathyroid gland in the black stained tissue，and non-black stained tissue in the central compartment dissection specimen of trial group and central compartment dissection specimen of control group were counted respectively.Total lymph node, the mis-cut parathyroid glands in the adipose tissue of central lymph node，post-operative blood calcium and parathyroid hormone（PTH）of two groups were contrasted and analyzed.@*Result@#There are 235 lymph nodes in the black-stained tissue of central compartment dissection specimen of trial group.No parathyroid gland was found in the black-stained tissue.Five lymph nodes and 2 parathyroid glands were found in the non-black stained tissue of central compartment dissection specimen of trial group. There were 164 lymph nodes and 9 parathyroid glands in central compartment dissection specimen of control group. There is statistic difference between the number of lymph nodes in black stain tissue and that of control group（t=8.291, P=0.000）.Rate of staining lymph node were 97.9 percent. No parathyroid glands were found in the black stained tissue. Nine mis-cut parathyroid glands（7.0%） were observed in the control group，while 2（1.6%） in the trial group（P<0.05）.None permanent hypocalcemia and PTH decrease were observed in the two groups.There were 10 patients（31.3%） with temporary hypocalcemia and 9 patients（28.1%）with temporary PTH decrease respectively in the control group，and there was 1 patient（3.1%） and 1 patient（3.1%） respectively in the trial group（P<0.05）. @*Conclusion@#The effect of nano-carbon is ideal, and the parathyroid gland can not be stained black. It can distinguish the thyroid tissue from the surrounding lymphoid adipose tissue and clearly mark the Central District lymph nodes, reduce the risk of parathyroid gland injury during thyroid cancer. Neck dissection in the central region can improve the efficiency of lymph node dissection, protect the parathyroid gland and reduce the risk of postoperative complications.