[The automatization of the control over the processes determining the risk of HIV-infection spreading among servicemen].

The possibilities of the control over the processes determining the HIV-infection spreading risk are considered. In the view of that the automated system which enables to evaluate risk factors predetermining the appearance of new infection cases was proposed. These factors are systematised in a multilevel database. On the basis of the statistical analysis of the risk factors situations of the spread of the HIV infection are revealed and analysed and measures for their liquidation are worked out promptly. The system is universal and can be used for the prevention of the beginning of other extreme situations caused by the spread of different infections. The examples of the comparative analysis of the risk of sexual behaviour in various groups of servicemen are given.

[The methodological aspects in enhancing the efficacy of the epidemiological surveillance of HIV infection]. / Metodologicheskie aspekty povysheniia éffektivnosti épidemiologicheskogo nadzora za VICh-infektsii.

Using a systems approach, the authors examined the main principles underlying an expert-based system for epidemiological surveillance over HIV infection. The principle objective is to control the processes which precede the occurrence of new infected cases and further spread of HIV infection. Accordingly, the system should address the following: epidemiological diagnosis and prediction of HIV incidence and spread, development of optimal preventive anti-epidemiological measures, research into how the infection spread. This should incorporate a database which is made by the hierarchic principle: the parameters of higher levels include those of lower level. So that the highest level would include two main integral estimates characterizing the risk of HIV from the outside (the first estimate) and the risk of HIV infection (the second estimate).

[Study of the combined action of an antibiotic and an immunostimulator using mathematical modeling]. / Izuchenie kombinirovannogo deistviia antibiotika i immunostimuliatora metodom matematicheskogo modelirovaniia.

A mathematical model of antibiotic and immunostimulator (IMS) combined effect on various elements of the immune system and general state of patients with infectious diseases is described. The model was constructed as a system including 6 usual differential equations of the 1st order. With the use of this model and a computer many diverse variants of infection development under conditions of treatment with IMS at the background of antibiotic therapy were modeled. Ii was shown that IMS-antibiotic complexes markedly improved the indices of antibiotic therapy as compared to the use of the antibiotics alone. In combined use of IMS and antibiotics it was possible to lower the antibiotic doses without lowering the antimicrobial effect. The use of IMS at the optimal period led to balanced activation of the host specific and nonspecific resistance factors at the background of antibacterial therapy. The results of the mathematical modeling corresponded to the data on protective effect of salmozan (IMS) and doxycycline (antibiotic) combination in animals (albino mice). It was concluded that the described mathematical model was adequate for validation and optimization of schemes for combined use of IMS and antibacterial agents.

[Use of mathematical theory in experiments evaluating the protective properties of antimicrobial preparations]. / Primenenie matematicheskoi teorii éksperimenta dlia otsenki zashchitnykh svoistv protivomikrobnykh preparatov.

Mathematical design of multifactorial experiments in investigation of protective properties of antimicrobial drugs provided acceleration of preclinical study of new antimicrobial drugs, increasing its level and decreasing its size and cost. The advantage of the experiment mathematical design in investigation and estimation of protective properties of antimicrobial drugs was shown on a model of doxycycline chemotherapy of experimental anthracic infection caused by the vaccinal strain of the causative agent in albino mice. Second order quasi-D-optimal plans for 3-, 4- and 5-factorial experiments are presented and variation ranges of the main factors affecting chemotherapeutic activity of antimicrobial drugs are recommended: daily doses of the antibiotic, the inoculum size, the time of chemotherapy initiation after inoculation and the period of the preventive treatment. The main advantages of the experiment mathematical design in preclinical chemotherapy, along with economic utilization of experimental animals, are the following: possible estimation of the effect of every of the active factors on drug protective properties, objective evaluation of protective activity of drugs under various regimens of their use and feasibility of developing optimal schemes for drug use.

[Determination of the criteria for selecting the optimal obsidan and hypothiazide treatment regimen in hypertension based on mathematical modelling data]. / Opredeleneie kriteriev dlia vybora optimal'nogo rezhima lecheniia obzidanom i gipotiazidom bol'nykh gipertonicheskoi bolezn'iu po dannym matematicheskogo modelirovaniia.

Criteria for the choice of drug dosage are established. In mild changes of pulmonary hemodynamics in patients with hypertensive disease, minimum doses of hypothiazide are recommended, while treatment should be conducted with obsidan, for the main part. In considerable attendant disorders of pulmonary hemodynamics the dose of hypothiazide should be proportionally increased, while the dose of obsidan is reduced.

[Daily form of rest in the catfish Ictalurus nebulosus and the frog Rana temporaria]. / Osobennosti dnevnoi formy pokoia u karlikovogo somika Ictalurus nebulosus and the frog Rana temporaria

By means of recording the cardiac rhythm, respiration rate and motor activity in unrestrained animals, studies have been made on the dynamics of formation of cataleptic-like immobilization in the teleost I. nebulosus. Rhythmic illumination at a rate 3/min. (10 sec light on - 10 sec light off) in the daytime gradually caused the onset of immobilization in the fish. This immobilization is characterized by the specific heart rate, type of respiration and the degree of plastic tone. Under the same experimental conditions, the formation of photogenic catalepsy in the frog Rana temporaria was confirmed. Typical heart rate, respiration pattern and the degree of plastic tone were determined as well. The role of illumination rhythm in the onset of all conditions which are characteristic for the "awakefulness-rest" cycle is discussed.

[Circadian cycles of wakefulness and rest in Rana temporaria frogs]. / Sutochnye tsikly bodrstvovaniia i pokoia u liagushki Rana temporaria

In the diurnal activity of the frog R. temporaria, rest and awakefulness stages were investigated. Resting stage was differentiated into daily and nocturnal phases. During daily rest, plastic tone in neck muscles was registered. During this phase, the head might be subjected to unnatural position which is maintained for a certain period. The heart rate was minimal, respiration could not be recorded. During nocturnal rest, in contrast to daily one, the animal changed its positon when touched at the head and kept itself in this positon. Cardiac contractions exhibited evident rhythmicity. Sleep episodes were rare and occasional; they were accompanied by eye closing and relaxation of the body.