Microencapsulated essential oils influence the growth and foregut histomorphometry of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings.

Essential oils supplementation has potential growth-promoting, antibacterial, and immunostimulatory effects for various fish species. Dietary supplementation with essential oils improves Nile tilapia's growth and intestinal morphology. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of supplementation with microencapsulated essential oils (MEOs) containing cinnamaldehyde (53.9 %), thymol (24.2 %), and carvacrol (18.7 %) in Nile tilapia fingerlings on growth parameters and foregut histomorphometry. Six thousand fishes with initial body weights and lengths of 1.20 ± 0.32 g and 2.03 ± 0.40 cm, respectively, were reared in two separate 60 m3 circular tanks (control and supplemented with 500 mg/kg of MEOs) at a 5 kg/m3 density. Growth parameters included weight and length. Ten foregut samples per tank were collected at 0-, 15- and 30-days post-treatment. The histological analysis involved the size of intestinal folds and the number of goblet cells. Our results showed that fingerling growth parameters such as final body weight and length increased by 16.9 % and 10.43 %, respectively, with MEOs supplementation compared to the control group. Furthermore, histomorphometry results showed that the supplementation of MEOs led to a significant increase in the growth of both the width and length of intestinal folds and the number of goblet cells (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the early supplementation with MEOs improved the number, length, and width of intestinal folds and increased the number of goblet cells, positively influencing intestinal morphology and health. Additionally, MEOs improved growth parameters in Nile tilapia at 30 days of supplementation.

A propósito del artículo: Esquema de ayuno intermitente y reducción de medidas antropométricas, perfil lipídico, presión arterial y riesgo cardiovascular / About the article: Intermittent fasting scheme and reduction of anthropometric measurements, lipid profile, blood pressure and cardiovascular risk

Estimado señor editor: Hemos leído con gran interés el artículo "Esquema de ayuno intermitente y reducción de medidas antropométricas, perfil lipídico, presión arterial y riesgo cardiovascular" publicado por el Dr Javier Wong-Gonzáles et al, en el número 1, volumen 22 de su revista; donde el propósito de la investigación se centra en la valoración de la eficacia del ayuno intermitente como estrategia para la modificación de parámetros antropométricos y variables de riesgo cardiovascular; quisiéramos aportar la importancia de definir los momentos del día en los que se enmarcan los periodos de ingesta y abstinencia de alimentos durante el ayuno intermitente, puesto que los efectos metabólicos inducidos son altamente dependientes de las fluctuaciones circadianas.

Dear Editor: We have read with great interest the article "Intermittent fasting scheme and reduction of anthropometric measurements, lipid profile, blood pressure and cardiovascular risk" published by Dr Javier Wong-Gonzáles et al, in number 1, volume 22 of your magazine; where the purpose of the research focuses on the assessment of the efficacy of intermittent fasting as a strategy for the modification of anthropometric parameters and cardiovascular risk variables; We would like to contribute the importance of defining the times of the day in which the periods of food intake and abstinence are framed during intermittent fasting, since the induced metabolic effects are highly dependent on circadian fluctuations.

Retrospective Analysis of the Correlation Between the Facial Biotype and the Inclination of the Upper Canine Cusp Axis to the Occlusal Plane.

Permanent maxillary canines are the second most frequently impacted teeth and the prevalence of this clinical condition is estimated to be 1-2% in the general population. The diagnosis of maxillary canine impaction should be based on both clinical and radiographic examinations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of a correlation between the facial biotype and the inclination of the upper cusp axis. A correlation between the total radicular length of the lateral incisors was also evaluated, by comparing the side of impaction with the healthy side. Twenty three patients with a diagnosis of unilateral upper cusp impaction were recruited. For each patient, dental casts and radiographic material (panoramic radiographs and lateral cephalograms) were examined. Statistical analyses were done with Spearman's rank correlation coefficient or Spearman's rho (ρ). X-ray examinations demonstrated that canine impaction was associated to other dental anomalies (32% of the sample). The mean α angle measurements were 22.9° ± 4.1°, and mean values of the ß angle were 34.7°± 4.0°. The mean distance "d" value was 14.6 mm ± 1.2 mm. The mean values of the angle between the upper cusp axis and the perpendicular-to-Fh plane were 20.8° ± 2.6°. Among the 23 subjects recruited, 5 showed values included in the range 25°-45° and 1 an inclination > 45°. The results obtained in the present study demonstrate a significant inverse correlation between the MM angle and the inclination of the upper cusp axis to the perpendicular-to-Fh plane.

Biomechanical behaviour of a jawbone loaded with a prosthetic system supported by monophasic and biphasic implants.

Modern implantology is based on the use of endosseous dental implants and on the study of osseointegration processes. The loss of marginal bone around a dental implant can be caused by many factors; the proper distribution of the masticatory loads is important and is closely dependent on the quality and quantity of bone tissue surrounding the implant. In fact, bone has the ability to adapt its microstructure, through processes of resorption and neoformation of new bone matrix, as a result of the mechanical stimuli that are generated during the chewing cycles. The purpose of this article is to redefine in a modern key and in light of current industrial and engineering technology, clinical and biomechanical concepts that characterize the monophasic implants, in order to assess proper use by evaluating the biomechanical differences with the biphasic implants.

Metals used in maxillofacial surgery.

The goal of maxillofacial surgery is to restore the shape and functionality of maxillofacial region. In the past years, there has been a tremendous progress in this field because of significant advances in biotechnology that provided innovative biomaterials to efficiently reconstruct the maxillofacial injured region. By using appropriate selection of the implant biomaterial, it is possible to reconstruct the native tissue, both in form and function. The ideal biomaterial should mimic native tissues regarding density, strength, and modulus of elasticity. Autografts are currently the gold standard for replacement of missing tissues, but synthetic biomaterials have been widely used because they eliminate the discomfort to take the replacement tissue from the donor site. Among synthetic biomaterials, different metals may be utilized to efficiently reconstruct the maxillofacial injured region. This article makes an effort to summarize the most important metals in use in maxillofacial surgery, and point out advantages and disadvantage of each type.

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV): it may occur after dental implantology. A mini topical review.

OBJECTIVE: Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) is one of the most frequent vestibular disorders. BPPV as a complication of Osteotome Sinus Floor Elevation (OSFE) is a complication that rarely occurs. The aim of this paper is to better understand the mechanisms underlying the BPPV after SFE with the osteotomes. This could be important for all the dental and maxillofacial surgeons that should know and manage this clinical occurrence. DISCUSSION: The osteotome sinus floor elevation (OSFE), firstly described by Summers requires the use of a surgical mallet for striking the bone, until the optimal depth is reached. The surgical mallet develops a mechanical trauma, even if the striking is performed with a gentle percussion. The recent literature describes an average occurrence of OSFE-induced BPPV quite low, but the symptoms show to be unpleasant and severe, often able to alter the patient's daily life. CONCLUSIONS: A successful remission of BPPV following treatment with a particle repositioning maneuver will be necessary and relatively urgent for the surgeons who have experienced this clinical complication. The surgeons, therefore, must be aware of these complications and about the ways to manage them.

Comparison between PRP, PRGF and PRF: lights and shadows in three similar but different protocols.

OBJECTIVE: The main goal of the modern surgery is to get a low invasiveness and a high rate of clinical healing: in the last years, it has been introduced the concept of a "regenerative surgery", and many techniques has been widely described in the literature. The most used are PRP, PRGF and PRF techniques. Aim of this research is to compare the three protocol of PRP, PRF and PRGF in their essential features, so to suggest to the practitioners the best blood product to use in the regenerative surgery. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Among the advantages that shows the PRF, compared to PRP and PRGF, we can cite a greater simplicity of production for the absence of manipulation that leads to a reduced possibility of alteration of the protocol due to an error of the operator. The special texture of the PRF and its biological features shows clearly an interesting surgical versatility and all the characteristics that can support a faster tissues regeneration and high-quality clinical outcomes.

Behaviour of dental pulp stem cells on different types of innovative mesoporous and nanoporous silicon scaffolds with different functionalizations of the surfaces.

Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are stem cells found in the dental pulp. The ability of DPSCs to differentiate towards odontoblastic and osteoblastic phenotype was reported first in the literature, then in the following years, numerous studies on odontogenesis were carried out, starting from mesenchymal stem cells isolated from tissues of dental and oral origin. The aim of this research was to evaluate the behaviour of DPSCs grown on silicon nanoporous and mesoporous matrices and differentiated towards the osteogenic phenotype, but also to investigate the use of DPSCs in pilot studies focused on the biological compatibility of innovative dental biomaterials. Twenty-eight silicon samples were created with standardized procedures. These scaffolds were divided into samples made of silicon bulk, nanoporous silicon, mesoporous silicon, nanoporous silicon functionalized with (3-Aminopropyl) Trimethoxysilane (APTMS) and methanol (MeOH), nanoporous silicon functionalized with (3-Aminopropyl) Trimethoxysilane (APTMS)/toluene, mesoporous silicon functionalized with (3-Aminopropyl) Trimethoxysilane (APTMS) and methanol (MeOH) andmesoporous silicon functionalized with (3-Aminopropyl) Trimethoxysilane (APTMS)/toluene. DPSC proliferation on the tested silicon scaffolds was analyzed at 3 and 5 days. The assay showed that DPSCs proliferated better on mesoporous scaffolds functionalized with APTMS/toluene compared to a silicon one. These results show that the functionalization of silicon scaffold with APTMS/toluene supports the growth of DPSCs and could be used for future applications in tissue engineering.

Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy for endophytic hilar tumors: feasibility and outcomes.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze feasibility and outcomes of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) for endophytic hilar tumors in low-intermediate (ASA I-II) risk patients. METHODS: This is a single centre retrospective study. From May 2009 to September 2011, 208 LPNs were performed at our institution. Overall 11 (5.2%) elective LPNs were for hilar tumors not visible on kidney surface. Hilar tumor was defined as a mass located in the renal hilum and in contact with a major renal vessel on preoperative imaging. Procedures were carried out by a single experienced surgeon (G.G.) via retroperitoneal approach by clamping the only main renal artery. RESULTS: Mean (range) age of patients was 45.3 years (38.2-64.1), tumor size 1.6 cm (1.2-2.0), warm ischemia time 24 min (19-32), operative time 140 min (110-200) and estimated blood loss 270 ml (100-750). Two collecting system injuries were observed and repaired intraoperatively. No conversion to open surgery was required. Final pathological examination revealed 10 renal cell carcinomas and 1 oncocytoma. A negative surgical margin was obtained in 10/11 (91%) patients. Renal function and serum hemoglobin were nearly unaltered pre and post-surgery. No tumor recurrence was observed at mean (range) follow-up of 34 months (15-43). CONCLUSIONS: In experienced hands, LPN represents a feasible, safe and effective treatment for selected patients diagnosed with endophytic hilar masses. A larger number of patients and longer follow-up are required to draw definitive conclusions.

Disordered eating behaviors in youth with type 1 diabetes: prospective pilot assessment following initiation of insulin pump therapy.

BACKGROUND: There is risk for disordered eating behaviors in type 1 diabetes, especially related to insulin manipulation. Implementation of insulin pump therapy may encourage either normalization of eating behaviors or a greater focus on food intake due to renewed emphasis on carbohydrate counting. There is need for prospective studies to assess disordered eating behaviors upon implementation of pump therapy using diabetes-specific measurement tools. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: In a multicenter pilot study, 43 youth with type 1 diabetes, 10-17 years old, were assessed prior to pump initiation and after 1 and 6 months of pump therapy. Youth completed the Diabetes-specific Eating Problems Survey-Revised (DEPS-R), a validated measure of risk for both diabetes-specific and general disordered eating behaviors. RESULTS: Youth (45% female), 13.3 years old with diabetes for 2.1 years, had a mean hemoglobin A1c of 8.3±1.3% (68±14.5 mmol/mol) at baseline. DEPS-R scores decreased over time (P=0.01). Overall rate of high risk for eating disorders was low. Overweight/obese youth endorsed more disordered eating behaviors than normal-weight participants. DEPS-R scores were correlated with z-score for body mass index at all three time points and with hemoglobin A1c after 1 and 6 months. Hemoglobin A1c did not change significantly over the 6 months and was higher in overweight/obese compared with normal-weight participants. CONCLUSIONS: Initiation of insulin pump therapy was associated with diminished endorsement of disordered eating behaviors in youth with type 1 diabetes. Longer follow-up studies are needed to assess the impact of insulin pump therapy on glycemic control, weight status, and disordered eating behaviors in this vulnerable population.

[Using computed tomography to predict in vivo stone chemical composition].

OBJECTIVES. Several authors hypothesized the usefulness of the non-contrast helical computed tomography (NCHCT) with the determination of stone Hounsfield Unit (HU) values in order to predict urinary stone compositions. Preoperative knowledge of stone composition might be interesting in pre-operative decision-making process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible correlation between stone chemical composition and correspondent stone HU value in an in-vivo experience. METHODS. Forty patients with urinary stones were preoperatively studied with abdominal NCHCT, where stone HU values were reported. Stone chemical composition was obtained in each patient, using the colorimetric method. The HU value of each stone was compared with the correspondent chemical analysis. Results. The median HU values of calcium oxalate (n=10), mixed calcium oxalate and phosphate (n=19), calcium phosphate (n=2), uric acid (n=6) and mixed uric acid and calcium oxalate (n=3) stones were 1060 HU [interquartile range (IQR) 743.75-1222.5]; 900 HU (IQR 588.5-1108.5); 774 HU (range 720-828); 371 HU (IQR 361.25-436.25) and 532 HU (range 476-626), respectively. CONCLUSIONS. Our results confirmed a statistically significant difference of the HU values between calcium and pure uric acid calculi, suggesting a correlation between stone chemical composition and CT-density. Hounsfield unit.

Técnica de estratificación con resinas compuestas. A propósito de un caso / No disponible

Las restauraciones de Clase IV se realizan con el reto de, sacrificar el mínimo tejido dentario posible, restableciendo de manera duradera no sólo la salud y función dental sino consiguiendo una estética excelente, es decir que pasen inadvertidas a la exploración visual más minuciosa; por esto la importancia de tener una metodología a seguir para lograr estos objetivos. Este artículo muestra la serie de pasos de estratificación que se siguen en el Master de Operatoria Dental y Estética Bucal de la Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (AU)

Class IV restorations are realized with the challenge of, the minimal intervention for teeth, restoring of lasting way not only the health and dental function but obtaining an excellent aesthetics, that is to say that go on inadvertent to the most meticulous visual exploration; for this the importance of having a methodology to continuing to achieve these aims. This article shows the series of steps of stratification that We following the Master of Operative Dental and Mouth Aesthetics International University of Catalunya (AU)