Effect of furosemide in the treatment of high-altitude pulmonary edema.

BACKGROUND: High-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) refers to the onset of breathlessness, cough, and fever at rest after arriving at high altitudes. It is a life-threatening illness caused by rapid ascent to high altitudes. Furosemide is controversial in HAPE treatment but is routinely used in China. Further research is needed to assess its efficacy and impact on HAPE management and prognosis. The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of furosemide for HAPE. METHODS: A retrospective was conducted to analysis of patients with HAPE admitted to the People's Hospital of Shigatse City from January 2018 to September 2023. Patients were divided into furosemide group and non-furosemide group for further analysis. Clinical variables including demographic information, comorbidities, vital signs, inflammatory markers, biochemical analysis, CT severity score and prognostic indicators were collected. RESULTS: A total of 273 patients were enrolled, with 209 patients in the furosemide group and 64 patients in the non-furosemide group. The furosemide group showed a significantly decrease in CT severity scores compared to the non-furosemide group. Subgroup analysis showed that the longer the duration of furosemide use, the more pronounced the improvement in lung CT severity scores. But there were no significant differences in length of hospital stay and in-hospital mortality between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Furosemide helps alleviate pulmonary edema in HAPE patients, but further research is needed to clarify its impact on prognosis.

[13 C-based Sources Partitioning of Atmospheric CO2 During Youth Olympic Games, Nanjing].

Observations of urban atmospheric CO2 molar fraction and its 13 C isotope composition (δ13 C) is of great importance to interpret the effect of anthropogenic and biologic sources on local or regional carbon cycle. High-frequency in-situ observation on atmospheric in urban airsheds was performed during Youth Olympic Games (YOG) in Nanjing. The hourly, diurnal and daily differences of CO2 concentration and its δ13 C between the period with and without temporary CO2 emission controls were compared. The results showed that short-term emission reduction measures could cause 21×10-6 decrease in atmospheric CO2 concentration in a regional and short-term scale. The reduction of coal combustion during YOG in YRD was about 5%. The overall isotopic signature of local surface sources δ13 CS in Yangtze River Delta (YRD) was determined by Miller-Tans, and the isotopic signatures of anthropogenic and natural sources in YRD were also determined based on literature investigation. According to the above results, the surface net CO2 flux, plant flux and anthropogenic flux in YRD were quantified using mass-balance equation. The CO2 emission from cement production (non-energy industrial process) was the key human factor of high atmospheric δ13 C of CO2 in YRD during summer (2.36‰). The plant effect could offset 23% to 39% anthropogenic CO2 emission in YRD during summer. In this study, we tried to provide new solution to partition carbon sources in urban areas by combining top-down atmospheric observation and traditional IPCC's emission inventory.

[Ecological behavior comparison between Anopheles pseudowillmori and A. willmori in villages with malaria outbreaks in Motuo County, Tibet Autonomous Region].

OBJECTIVE: To understand the ecological behaviors of Anopheles pseudowillmori and A. willmori in medium or high altitude areas of Motuo County, Tibet Autonomous Region, and their transmission potential for malaria. METHODS: The methods of human net traps, cow baited trap, house baited trap, pig baited trap and CDC light traps were adopted for investigating the mosquito density, biting activity at night and in or out door preference of biting. All mosquitoes morphologically identified as A. maculatus group were labeled in accordance with the capture time, place and method, and PCR were used to identify the species. The resting habits were investigated with the morning capture and daytime collecting methods, and the larvae collected in different wa- ter bodies were reared to adults to study the breeding place. RESULTS: A total of 1,053 A. maculatus group were collected, and of which, 331 (31.43%) were identified as A. pseudowillmori, and 722 (68.57%) as A. willmori. The number of A. willmori were higher than A. pseudowillmori in both outer and inner doors (P < 0.01, P < 0.05) , while no statistically significant difference was found of the constituent ratio of the anopheles between outer and inner doors. The multiparous ratios of A. pseudowillmori and A. willmori were 65.90% and 69.86%, respectively, (P > 0.05). The A. pseudowillmori preferred to biting outer doors (P < 0.05), while A. willmori preferred both outer and inner doors (P > 0.05). Both mosquitoes had one biting activity peak in the night, and the biting activity peak of A. willmori was from 21 to 22 o'clock, while the peak of A. pseudowillmori was from 24 to next morning 1 o' clock. CONCLUSION: In the Anopheles, the constituent ratio and density of A. willmori are higher than those of A. pseudowillmori in semi-high altitudes area of Motuo County, Tibet, and there are obvious differences of ecological behaviors between A. willmori and A. pseudowillmori, and A. willmori has the more capacity of transmitting malaria than A. pseudowillmori.