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Boron, an essential element for human, can be a key factor in wound healing. For this reason, in this study, role of boron products (boric acid and zinc borate) and boron product doped new synthesized graphene hydrogels was investigated for burn healing via in vitro viability-biocompatibility tests and microbiological analysis. It has been determined that boric acid and zinc borate are effective against microbial agents that are frequently seen in burns. In L929 mouse fibroblast cell line, BA, ZB and graphene hydrogels did not show any toxic effects, either alone or doped Graphene Hydrogel forms, except at very high doses. These substances showed antioxidant properties by protecting cells against H2O2 damage. The migration test performed on boron products also confirms the protective effect of boron products. In this study, the synthesis of graphene hydrogels was made for the first time, and their characterization was completed with appropriate instrumental analyses. The results of the biocompatibility tests of graphene hydrogels show that they are at least 96% biocompatible.
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OBJECTIVE: In our study, the effectiveness of avanafil, a second-generation phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitor, on testicular torsion (TT) related ischemia/reperfusion injury via NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3), which triggers inflammatory response, are studied molecularly, biochemically and histopathologically. MATERIAL AND METHOD: This study was performed on 24 male Wistar albino rats randomized into four groups. Testicular ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) model was created for groups 2, 3 and 4. Groups 3 and 4, respectively, were administered a dose of 5 and 10 mg/kg avanafil before reperfusion by gavage. The testicles which were left in ischemia for two hours, were detorsioned for four hours. All animals were sacrificed after reperfusion. Testicular tissues were examined molecularly, biochemically and histopathologically. RESULTS: The NLRP3, Interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) and Tumor Necrosis alpha (TNF-α) mRNA expression levels were observed to be significantly increased in the I/R group compared to the healthy group (p < 0.001). After both doses of avanafil, NLRP3, IL-1ß and TNF-α mRNA expression levels, which increased as a result of I/R, decreased in both avanafil groups. (p < 0.001). The greatest decrease was seen at the dose of 10 mg/kg (p < 0.001). Increased Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels due to I/R were statistically significantly decreased in both doses of avanafil (p < 0.001). Decreased Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) levels due to I/R damage increased statistically significantly in both doses of avanafil (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: It was found that avanafil can reduce the damage caused by testicular I/R and that it will find new applications in the future with the support of advanced experimental and clinical studies.
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Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the impact of the tryptanthrin (TRP) compound, with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects, on the excisional wound (EW) model. In an EW model in mice, we tried to explain the possible effect of TRP through vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) that contribute significantly to wound healing. Methods: A total of 90 BALB-C female mice aged 6 - 8 weeks were used in the present study. Animals were randomly divided into five groups. After creating the EW model, three different doses (1, 2.5, 5 mg/kg) of TRP compound were applied topically for 14 days, and wound closure rates were measured on days 0, 3, and 7. Vascular endothelial growth factor and MMP-9 were evaluated on days 3, 7, and 14 on wound explants and on day 14 on serum samples by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Histopathological analysis was performed on wound explants. Results: After the EW model creation, significant healing of the wound areas was observed in the groups for which TRP was applied, especially on the third day. Moreover, in groups that received the third dose of TRP, the wound closure rate was 94%. It was found that the wound areas were closed due to the increase in TRP dose. In line with wound healing, VEGF and MMP-9 levels gradually rose on the third and seventh days and decreased on the 14th day. Conclusions: Tryptanthrin compound usage on the EW model increased wound healing and did not leave a scar after 14 days.