Birth in Brazil II: a postpartum maternal, paternal and child health research protocol. / Nascer no Brasil II: protocolo de investigação da saúde materna, paterna e da criança no pós-parto.

Pregnancy, parturition and birth bring major changes to the lives of mothers and fathers. This article presents a research protocol for estimating the prevalence of postpartum mental health outcomes in mothers and fathers, abuse and satisfaction in delivery/abortion care, and the correlations between them and socioeconomic, obstetric, and child health factors. As a 2-component research, it consists of a prospective cohort study with all postpartum women interviewed in the 465 maternity hospitals included at the Birth in Brazil II baseline survey conducted from 2021 to 2023, and a cross-sectional study with the newborns' fathers/partners. Interviews will be conducted via telephone or self-completion link sent by WhatsApp with the mother at 2 and 4 months after delivery/abortion. Partners will be approached three months after birth (excluding abortions, stillbirths and newborn death) using the telephone number informed by the mother at the maternity ward. Postpartum women will be inquired about symptoms of depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder, abuse during maternity care and quality of the mother-newborn bond. Maternal and neonatal morbidity, use of postnatal services, and satisfaction with maternity care are also investigated. Fathers will be asked to report on symptoms of depression and anxiety, and the quality of the relationship with the partner and the newborn. The information collected in this research stage may help to plan and improve care aimed at the postpartum health of the mother-father-child triad.

A gravidez, o parto e o nascimento são momentos de grandes mudanças na vida das mães e dos pais. Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar o protocolo da pesquisa para estimar a prevalência dos desfechos em saúde mental nas mães e pais no pós-parto, dos maus tratos e satisfação na atenção ao parto/abortamento, e as inter-relações entre eles e fatores socioeconômicos, obstétricos e da saúde da criança. A pesquisa tem dois componentes: estudo de coorte prospectiva com todas as puérperas entrevistadas nas 465 maternidades incluídas na linha de base da pesquisa Nascer no Brasil II realizada entre 2021 e 2023, e estudo seccional com os companheiros/pais dos bebês. As entrevistas são realizadas por ligação telefônica ou link de autopreenchimento enviado por WhatsApp com as puérperas aos 2 e 4 meses após o parto/aborto. Os companheiros são abordados três meses após o nascimento (excluídos os abortos, natimortos e neomortos), a partir do telefone informado pela puérpera na maternidade. As entrevistas abordam, entre as puérperas, sintomas de depressão, ansiedade e transtorno de estresse pós-traumático, maus-tratos na atenção na maternidade e qualidade do vínculo mãe-bebê. São investigados também a presença de morbidade materna e neonatal, utilização de serviços pós-natais, e satisfação com o atendimento na maternidade. Entre os pais, é abordada a ocorrência de sintomas de depressão e ansiedade, e a qualidade do relacionamento com a esposa/companheira e o bebê. As informações coletadas nessa etapa da pesquisa poderão subsidiar o planejamento e melhoria do cuidado voltado para a saúde da tríade mãe-pai-filho após o nascimento.

El embarazo, el parto y el nacimiento son momentos de grandes cambios en la vida de madres y padres. Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar el protocolo de investigación para estimar la prevalencia de los resultados de la salud mental en madres y padres en el posparto, maltratos y la satisfacción durante la atención del parto/aborto, y las interrelaciones entre ellos y los factores socioeconómicos, obstétricos y de salud infantil. La investigación tiene dos componentes: un estudio de cohorte prospectivo con todas las puérperas entrevistadas en las 465 maternidades incluidas en la línea de base de la encuesta Nacer en Brasil II realizada entre 2021 y 2023, y un estudio seccional con las parejas/padres de los bebés. Las entrevistas se efectúan mediante llamada telefónica o enlace de autocumplimentación enviado vía WhatsApp a las puérperas a los 2 y 4 meses después del parto/aborto. El contacto con la pareja se hace a los tres meses del nacimiento (excluyendo abortos, mortinatos y muertes de recién nacidos), a través del teléfono facilitado por la puérpera en la sala de maternidad. Las entrevistas abordan, entre las puérperas, los síntomas de depresión, ansiedad y trastorno de estrés postraumático, maltrato durante la atención en la maternidad y la calidad del vínculo madre-bebé. También se investiga la presencia de morbilidad materna y neonatal, uso de servicios posnatales y satisfacción con la atención en la maternidad. Entre los padres, se aborda la ocurrencia de síntomas de depresión y ansiedad, y la calidad de la relación con la esposa/pareja y el bebé. La información recopilada en esta etapa de la investigación puede apoyar la planificación y mejora de la atención dirigida a la salud de la tríada madre-padre-hijo después del nacimiento.

Práticas Avançadas de Enfermagem na Atenção Primária à Saúde: um protocolo de revisão sistemática / Advanced Practice Nursing in primary health care: a systematic review protocol

OBJETIVO: Sumarizar as evidências existentes acerca das ações de Prática Avançada em Enfermagem no âmbito da Atenção Primária à Saúde à nível mundial através de uma revisão sistemática. MÉTODO: Trata-se de um protocolo desenvolvido com base nas diretrizes do Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P). O protocolo foi registrado no International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) sob o ID: CRD42022301785. Para condução da revisão, a busca sistemática será realizada nas bases de dados ScienceDirect, Scopus, Medical Literature Analyses and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE/PubMed), Web of Science, Excerpta Medica Database (Embase) e Cumulated Index in Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), sendo utilizada a seguinte expressão de busca: (("Advanced Practice Nursing" OR Nursing OR "Nursing specialities") AND "Primary Health Care" AND "Public Health"). Os critérios de inclusão incluem todos os estudos transversais publicados em inglês até outubro de 2022 que respondam à questão de pesquisa. Destes, serão excluídos: (i) estudos em animais; (ii) cartas, editoriais, revisões de literatura, revisões sistemáticas e metanálises.

OBECTIVE: To synthesize the existing evidence on advanced practice nursing interventions in primary health care settings worldwide through a systematic review. METHOD: A protocol was developed based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) guidelines. The protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) under ID: CRD42022301785. To conduct the review, a systematic search will be performed in the databases ScienceDirect, Scopus, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE/PubMed), Web of Science, Excerpta Medica Database (Embase), and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) using the following search terms: (("Advanced Practice Nursing" OR Nursing OR "Nursing specialties") AND "Primary Health Care" AND "Public Health"). Inclusion criteria include all cross-sectional studies published in English through October 2022 that address the research question. The following will be excluded: (i) animal studies; (ii) letters, editorials, literature reviews, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses.

Increased consumption of ultra-processed foods during pregnancy is associated with sociodemographic, behavioral, and obstetric factors: A cohort study.

A diet based on ultra-processed food (UPF) does not meet nutritional needs, especially during pregnancy. The aim of this study is to assess the change in UPF consumption from preconception to pregnancy and associated factors. Our hypothesis is that women tend to adopt a healthier eating pattern during pregnancy, decreasing the intake of UPF and increasing the intake of unprocessed/minimally processed foods. A prospective cohort study with 326 participants was carried out from 2016 to 2019 in 2 health units in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Pregestational food consumption assessed using the food frequency questionnaire in the prenatal interview in women up to 20 gestational weeks and gestational consumption in the interview 2 months after delivery. Food items classified according to the NOVA system. For the mean variation from preconception to gestational UPF consumption, we used the generalized estimating equations model with linear distribution. Control of confounding variables was based on the literature on factors associated with UPF consumption, using a 3-level hierarchical model. The proportion of UPF energy consumption was 28.9% in preconception and 33% during pregnancy. Older and more educated women had a lower mean variation in the consumption of UPF during the pregnancy. A higher average consumption of UPF observed among women physically inactive before pregnancy, who smoked during pregnancy, were multiparous, and with had a low pregestational weight. These results reflect similar behavior to that of the general population, aggravated by a significant increase during pregnancy. However, older and more educated women and those with healthy behaviors showed lower UPF intake in pregnancy.

A suitable model to investigate acute neurological consequences of coronavirus infection.

OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN: The present study aimed to investigate the neurochemical and behavioral effects of the acute consequences after coronavirus infection through a murine model. MATERIAL: Wild-type C57BL/6 mice were infected intranasally (i.n) with the murine coronavirus 3 (MHV-3). METHODS: Mice underwent behavioral tests. Euthanasia was performed on the fifth day after infection (5 dpi), and the brain tissue was subjected to plaque assays for viral titration, ELISA, histopathological, immunohistochemical and synaptosome analysis. RESULTS: Increased viral titers and mild histological changes, including signs of neuronal degeneration, were observed in the cerebral cortex of infected mice. Importantly, MHV-3 infection induced an increase in cortical levels of glutamate and calcium, which is indicative of excitotoxicity, as well as increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IFN-γ) and reduced levels of neuroprotective mediators (BDNF and CX3CL1) in the mice brain. Finally, behavioral analysis showed impaired motor, anhedonia-like and anxiety-like behaviors in animals infected with MHV-3. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the data presented emulate many aspects of the acute neurological outcomes seen in patients with COVID-19. Therefore, this model may provide a preclinical platform to study acute neurological sequelae induced by coronavirus infection and test possible therapies.

Improvement of motor control in neurological patients through motor evoked potential changes induced by transcranial direct current stimulation therapy: A meta-analysis study.

BACKGROUND: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) seems to facilitate and/or inhibit neural activity and improve motor function in neurological patients. However, it is important to confirm such improvements as well as determine the association between neurophysiological changes and the enhancement of motor control. RESEARCH QUESTION: Does the improvement of motor control in neurological patients after transcranial direct current stimulation translate into changes in the motor evoked potential? METHODS: A systematic electronic search strategy was employed to identify studies indexed in the PubMed, BIREME, and COCHRANE databases using a combination of search terms adapted to each database: transcranial direct current stimulation; evoked potential motor; and motor control. Relevant data was extracted from each selected article and methodological quality was assessed using the PEDro scale. Standard mean differences with 95% confidence intervals were pooled using a random-effects model. Moreover, standard methods were employed for assessment of the heterogeneity of the studies. RESULTS: Thirteen articles were included in this review. Anodal tDCS was found to increase the amplitude and diminish the latency of the MEP, which correlated positively with improvements in motor control. However, the improvement in MEP did not persist over time. SIGNIFICANCE: Despite the paucity of studies, positive effects are found when combining anodal tDCS and a therapeutic intervention, such as an improvement in MEP and better motor control in neurological patients. Future studies should include neurophysiological measures other than MEP and consider a homogenous analysis.

Factors associated with ultra-processed foods consumption in a cohort of Brazilian pregnant women.

Nutrition during pregnancy is essential for the health of the pregnant woman, the development of the fetus, and the prevention of complications related to pregnancy and the postpartum period. This study described the factors associated with high consumption of ultra-processed foods among pregnant women. This prospective cohort study was performed from February 2016 to November 2019 in two health units in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, with data from 344 pregnant women. The first interview was conducted in the prenatal visit at less than 20 gestational weeks, the second at 34 gestational weeks, and the third at two months postpartum. Diet was assessed in the last interview using a food frequency questionnaire, and food items were classified according to NOVA. The percentage of ultra-processed foods consumption was estimated by tertile distribution, and the third tertile represented the highest consumption. Based on the hierarchical analysis model, the associations between ultra-processed foods consumption and sociodemographic, reproductive health, pregestational, behavioral, and pregnancy variables were assessed using a multinomial logistic regression model. Older women had lower ultra-processed foods consumption (OR = 0.33; 95%CI: 0.15-0.71). Few years of schooling (up to 7 years; OR = 5.58; 95%CI: 1.62-19.23), history of a previous childbirth (OR = 2.48; 95%CI: 1.22-5.04), history of two or more previous childbirths (OR = 7.53; 95%CI: 3.02-18.76), and no history of regular physical activity before pregnancy (OR = 2.40; 95%CI: 1.31-4.38) were risk factors. The identification of risk and protection factors allows for the establishment of control measures and encouragement of healthy practices during prenatal care.

Assessment of functional mobility and gait during a timed up and go test in adults with total blindness.

BACKGROUND: The loss of vision leads to behavioral and motor adaptations that do not necessarily translate to good functioning with regards to daily tasks. AIM: To investigate differences in functional mobility in adults with total blindness, and analyze differences in spatiotemporal gait variables with and without the use of a cane, and wearing shoes or barefoot. METHODS: We used an inertial measurement unit to assess the spatiotemporal parameters of the gait and functional mobility in seven subjects with total blindness and four sighted participants during the timed up and go test (TUG) test performed under conditions: barefoot/shod; and with/without a cane (blind subjects). RESULTS: Significant differences between groups were found in total TUG test time and in the sub-phases when the blind subjects executed the TUG barefoot and without a cane (p < .01). Other differences were found in trunk movement during sit-to-stand, and stand-to-sit where blind subjects when without cane and barefoot, they had a greater range of motion than sighted subjects (p < .01). Also, BMI has a moderate to strong influence in the execution of the TUG in blind subjects (p < .05) CONCLUSION: This study showed that, when using a gait-assistance device and wearing shoes, blind subjects have similar functional mobility and gait as sighted subjects, suggesting that an external haptic reference can compensate for the lack of vision. Knowledge of these differences can provide a better understanding of the adaptive behavior in this population, thereby assisting in minimizing the occurrence of trauma and falls.

Effects of Dual Task Training and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy: A Pilot Randomized Control Trial.

OBJECTIVE: Compare the effectiveness of active and sham transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) during the training of a dual task in children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP). METHODS: Thirty children with CP were submitted to ten sessions of either active (n = 15) or sham (n = 15) tDCS over the motor cortex for 20 minutes during the training of a dual task. Pre-intervention, post-intervention and follow-up evaluations involved measures of functional performance, intellectual performance, functional mobility and cortical excitability. RESULTS: The combination of active tDCS and dual task training led to improvements in functional mobility as well as functional and intellectual performances one month after the end of the intervention. CONCLUSION: The combination of active tDCS and dual task training demonstrated promising effects for children with spastic CP.

Integration of ICTs in teaching practices: propositions to the SAMR model.

This article aims to analyze the experiences of teachers on the uses of ICTs in the development of teaching practices within the framework of a new learning ecology. We use the SAMR model to scale the levels of ICTs contributions in each practice. 116 teachers from a public educational institution in Brazil answered a questionnaire during the pandemic scenario, while conducting emergency remote teaching. Teachers declared to develop the teaching practices with the integration of ICTs at the levels of Augmentation and Modification by correspondence to the SAMR model. Based on the analyzes carried out, we propose some reflections that help to rethink this model and to understand the second-order barriers that prevent the effective integration of ICT in teachers' practices.

Effects of the Interference of Sensory Systems on Postural Control in Congenitally Blind Subjects.

The postural system requires the sensory systems to maintain postural control (PC). Blind subjects use the somatosensory system to keep PC whereas sighted subjects use the visual system. So what happens to PC when challenging the sensory systems? We analyzed the center of pressure (COP) in ten blind and 10 sighted subjects under conditions: eyes open/closed (interference of visual system) and on firm/foam surfaces (interference of somatosensory system). We found that under the condition of eyes open on a firm surface, the blind subjects relied on the somatosensory system, whereas sighted subjects relied on the visual system. However, when eyes closed and on foam surface, similar behavior was found in both groups for all COP variables. In general blind subjects use their somatosensory system as the main sensory input to maintain PC.

Context-dependent roles of cellular senescence in normal, aged, and disease states.

Cellular senescence is a state of irreversible cell cycle arrest that often emerges after tissue damage and in age-related diseases. Through the production of a multicomponent secretory phenotype (SASP), senescent cells can impact the regeneration and function of tissues. However, the effects of senescent cells and their SASP are very heterogeneous and depend on the tissue environment and type as well as the duration of injury, the degree of persistence of senescent cells and the organism's age. While the transient presence of senescent cells is widely believed to be beneficial, recent data suggest that it is detrimental for tissue regeneration after acute damage. Furthermore, although senescent cell persistence is typically associated with the progression of age-related chronic degenerative diseases, it now appears to be also necessary for correct tissue function in the elderly. Here, we discuss what is currently known about the roles of senescent cells and their SASP in tissue regeneration in ageing and age-related diseases, highlighting their (negative and/or positive) contributions. We provide insight for future research, including the possibility of senolytic-based therapies and cellular reprogramming, with aims ranging from enhancing tissue repair to extending a healthy lifespan.

Concepções e práticas sobre a Saúde do Trabalhador para profissionais do Núcleo Ampliado de Saúde da Família e Atenção Básica / Concepciones y prácticas sobre la Salud del Trabajador para profesionales del Núcleo Ampliado de Salud de la Familia y Atención Básica / Conceptions and practices on Worker Health for professionals of the Expanded Core for Family Health and Primary Care

Resumo O estudo objetivou compreender os significados atribuídos à saúde do trabalhador (ST) pelos profissionais de saúde do Núcleo Ampliado de Saúde da Família e Atenção Básica (Nasf-AB), bem como seus desdobramentos na produção de cuidados na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Entrevistas feitas com 13 profissionais de diferentes áreas, que foram exploradas com base na Análise do Discurso. Emergiram sentidos do trabalho como gerador de agravos e aqueles relacionados com os Determinantes Sociais de Saúde (DSS). Por intermédio das ações do Nasf-AB sobre o trabalho/trabalhador, foi possível visualizar o quanto essa equipe funciona como filtro das tensões produzidas por usuários, equipes de saúde da família e gestão. O discurso do trabalho como produtor de agravos ainda é predominante; contudo, a percepção do trabalho como DSS produz aberturas para que esses profissionais possam agir na clínica ampliada como técnicos de referência em ST.(AU)

Resumen El objetivo del estudio fue comprender los significados atribuidos a la Salud del Trabajador (ST) por parte de los profesionales de la salud del Núcleo Ampliado de Salud de la Familia y Atención Básica (Nasf-AB), así como sus desdoblamientos en la producción de cuidados en la Atención Primaria de la Salud. Se analizaron entrevistas realizadas con 13 profesionales de diferentes áreas, con base en el Análisis del Discurso. Surgieron sentidos del trabajo como generador de agravios y aquellos relacionados con los Determinantes Sociales de Salud (DSS). Por medio de las acciones del Nasf-AB sobre el trabajo/trabajador, fue posible ver hasta qué punto ese equipo funciona como filtro de las tensiones producidas por usuarios, equipos de salud de la familia y gestión. El discurso del trabajo como productor de agravio todavía es predominante; no obstante, la percepción del trabajo como DSS produce aperturas para que esos profesionales puedan actuar en la clínica ampliada como técnicos de referencia en ST.(AU)

Abstract The study aimed to understand the meanings attributed to Worker's Health (WH) by health professionals of the Expanded Core for Family Health and Primary Care (Nasf-AB in the Portuguese acronym), as well as its consequences in the production of care in PHC. Interviews with 13 professionals from different areas were analyzed based on Discourse Analysis. Meanings of work as a generator of diseases and those related to the Social Determinants of Health (SDH) emerged. Through the actions of Nasf-AB on work/worker, it was possible to see how this team works as a filter of the tensions produced by users, family health teams and management. The discourse of work as a producer of diseases is still predominant; however, the perception of work as SDH produces openings for these professionals to act in the expanded clinic as reference technicians in WH.(AU)

Queer Theory and Dialogical Self Theory: Considerations on Human Development / Teoria Queer e Teoria do Self Dialógico: Considerações sobre Desenvolvimento Humano

ABSTRACT The present study presents an exercise in a dialogue between queer theory and Dialogical Self Theory (DST) as theoretical support for research on the impacts of the gender positioning of LGBTI+ subjects on the development of the self. Queer theory inspires dialogical psychology to include in its notion of self the radical sociability of the subject together with the individuality that it makes possible, in addition to pointing to the importance of the particularities of the development of subjects considered deviant. In recent studies, DST moves in this direction by proposing a metaphor of the self as a democratic society, considering the obstacles imposed by differences in the social context. This perspective offers tools for investigations into the microgenesis of subversion.

RESUMO Este trabalho apresenta um exercício de diálogo entre a Teoria Queer e a Teoria do Self Dialógico (TSD) como sustentação teórica para investigação sobre os impactos do posicionamento de gênero de sujeitos LGBTI+ no desenvolvimento do self. A Teoria Queer inspira a psicologia dialógica a incluir em sua noção de self a sociabilidade radical do sujeito juntamente com a individualidade que ela torna possível, além de apontar para a importância das particularidades do desenvolvimento de sujeitos considerados desviantes. Em trabalhos recentes, a TSD caminha nessa direção, ao propor uma metáfora do self como uma sociedade democrática, levando em conta os obstáculos impostos pelas diferenças no contexto social. Essa perspectiva oferece ferramentas para investigações sobre a microgênese da subversão.

Factors associated with ultra-processed foods consumption in a cohort of Brazilian pregnant women / Fatores associados ao consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados em uma coorte de gestantes brasileiras / Factores asociados al consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados en una cohorte de gestantes brasileñas

Nutrition during pregnancy is essential for the health of the pregnant woman, the development of the fetus, and the prevention of complications related to pregnancy and the postpartum period. This study described the factors associated with high consumption of ultra-processed foods among pregnant women. This prospective cohort study was performed from February 2016 to November 2019 in two health units in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, with data from 344 pregnant women. The first interview was conducted in the prenatal visit at less than 20 gestational weeks, the second at 34 gestational weeks, and the third at two months postpartum. Diet was assessed in the last interview using a food frequency questionnaire, and food items were classified according to NOVA. The percentage of ultra-processed foods consumption was estimated by tertile distribution, and the third tertile represented the highest consumption. Based on the hierarchical analysis model, the associations between ultra-processed foods consumption and sociodemographic, reproductive health, pregestational, behavioral, and pregnancy variables were assessed using a multinomial logistic regression model. Older women had lower ultra-processed foods consumption (OR = 0.33; 95%CI: 0.15-0.71). Few years of schooling (up to 7 years; OR = 5.58; 95%CI: 1.62-19.23), history of a previous childbirth (OR = 2.48; 95%CI: 1.22-5.04), history of two or more previous childbirths (OR = 7.53; 95%CI: 3.02-18.76), and no history of regular physical activity before pregnancy (OR = 2.40; 95%CI: 1.31-4.38) were risk factors. The identification of risk and protection factors allows for the establishment of control measures and encouragement of healthy practices during prenatal care.

A nutrição durante a gravidez é essencial para a saúde da gestante, o desenvolvimento do bebê e a prevenção de complicações relacionadas à gravidez e ao pós-parto. Este estudo descreveu os fatores associados ao alto consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados entre gestantes. Trata-se de uma coorte prospectiva realizada de fevereiro de 2016 a novembro de 2019, em duas unidades de saúde do Município do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, que analisou dados de 344 gestantes. A primeira entrevista foi realizada na consulta pré-natal com menos de 20 semanas de gestação, a segunda com 34 semanas de gestação e a terceira dois meses após o parto. A dieta foi avaliada na última entrevista por meio de um questionário de frequência alimentar e os itens alimentares foram classificados de acordo com a classificação NOVA. O percentual de consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados foi calculado em tercis de distribuição, dos quais o terceiro tercil representou o maior consumo. Com base no modelo de análise hierárquica, as associações entre o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados e variáveis sociodemográficas, de saúde reprodutiva, pré-gestacionais, comportamentais e gestacionais foram investigadas usando um modelo de regressão logística multinomial. Mulheres mais velhas apresentaram menor consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados (OR = 0,33; IC95%: 0,15-0,71). Os fatores de risco foram baixa escolaridade (até sete anos; OR = 5,58; IC95%: 1,62-19,23), histórico de parto anterior (OR = 2,48; IC95%: 1,22-5,04), histórico de dois ou mais partos anteriores (OR = 7,53; IC95%: 3,02-18,76) e ausência de histórico de atividade física regular antes da gestação (OR = 2,40; IC95%: 1,31-4,38). A identificação de fatores de risco e proteção permite o estabelecimento de medidas de controle e o incentivo a práticas saudáveis durante o pré-natal.

La nutrición durante el embarazo es esencial para la salud de la futura madre, el desarrollo del bebé y la prevención de complicaciones relacionadas con el embarazo y el posparto. Este estudio describió los factores asociados con el alto consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados entre las mujeres embarazadas. Se trata de una cohorte prospectiva realizada entre febrero de 2016 y noviembre de 2019, en dos unidades de salud de la ciudad de Río de Janeiro, Brasil, que analizó datos de 344 gestantes. La primera entrevista se realizó en la visita prenatal a las 20 semanas de gestación, la segunda a las 34 semanas de gestación y la tercera dos meses después del parto. La dieta se evaluó en la última entrevista mediante un cuestionario de frecuencia de alimentos y los alimentos se clasificaron de acuerdo con la clasificación NOVA. El porcentaje de consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados se calculó en terciles de distribución, de los cuales el tercer tercil representó el mayor consumo. Con base en el modelo de análisis jerárquico, se investigaron las asociaciones entre el consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados y las variables sociodemográficas, de salud reproductiva, previas al embarazo, conductuales y gestacionales mediante un modelo de regresión logística multinomial. Las mujeres mayores presentaron menor consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados (OR = 0,33; IC95%: 0,15-0,71). Los factores de riesgo fueron bajo nivel educativo (hasta siete años; OR = 5,58; IC95%: 1,62-19,23), antecedentes de parto previo (OR = 2,48; IC95%: 1,22-5,04), antecedentes de dos o más partos previos (OR = 7,53; IC95%: 3,02-18,76) y sin antecedentes de actividad física regular antes del embarazo (OR = 2,40; IC95%: 1,31-4,38). La identificación de factores de riesgo y protección permite el establecimiento de medidas de control y el fomento de prácticas saludables durante la atención prenatal.

Validação de conteúdo e aplicação de instrumento para avaliara aceitação de dietas hospitalares / Content validation and application of an instrument to evaluate the acceptance of hospital diets

Introdução: Apesar de ser fator de risco para a desnutri-ção, a aceitação da dieta hospitalar ainda é pouco estudada,e, na maioria dos serviços de nutrição hospitalar, é avaliadade forma subjetiva. Objetivo: Elaborar, validar o conteúdo e aplicar um instru-mento para avaliar a aceitação das dietas hospitalares. Métodos: Este foi um estudo realizado em um hospital dereferência para o tratamento de doenças infecciosas do Riode Janeiro, Brasil. Após a elaboração do instrumento combase em formulários disponíveis na literatura científica, estefoi enviado a um painel de especialistas para validação deconteúdo através da técnica Delphi modificada, e posterior-mente aplicado em uma amostra de conveniência de 50 pa-cientes hospitalizados, sendo comparado ao método de pesa-gem direta dos restos alimentares através da correlação dePearson. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética da ins-tituição e todos os participantes assinaram termo de consen-timento livre e esclarecido. Resultados: O conteúdo do instrumento foi inteiramentevalidado na segunda rodada do painel e sua versão final apre-senta ilustrações que representam as seis refeições diárias,divididas em quatro partes, permitindo o preenchimento pelanutricionista em percentuais, de acordo com o relato do pa-ciente. O almoço e o jantar foram as refeições com menoraceitação, e os motivos mais relatados foram hiporexia, náu-seas e vômitos. Na comparação entre a aceitação aferida peloinstrumento e pelo método de pesagem, a maioria das pre-parações apresentou correlação forte. Conclusões: Consideramos a utilização da técnica Delphimodificada como útil e apropriada para o aperfeiçoamento doinstrumento elaborado. O instrumento constitui-se uma ferra-menta de baixo custo, rápido e simples de aplicar. Espera-seque sua utilização seja ampliada para outras instituições, comas necessárias adaptações, e contribua para a melhor avalia-ção dietética dos pacientes hospitalizados.(AU)

Introduction: Despite being a risk factor for malnutrition,the acceptance of hospital diet is still poorly studied, and inmost hospital nutrition services, it is evaluated subjectively. Aim: To elaborate, validate the content and apply an in-strument to evaluate the acceptance of hospital diets. Methods: This was a study carried out in a referral hospi-tal for the treatment of infectious diseases in Rio de Janeiro,Brazil. After preparing the instrument based on forms avail-able in the scientific literature, the instrument was sent to apanel of experts to be validated using the modified Delphitechnique, and posteriorly, was applied to a sample of hospi-talized patients, and the acceptance obtained compared tothe direct weighing method of food remains through thePearson correlation. The Research Ethics Committee of the in-stitution approved the study and all the participants signed afree and informed consent term. Results: The elaborated instrument was considered vali-dated by the panel in the second round and its final versionpresents illustrations that represent the six meals a day, di-vided into four parts, allowing the nutritionist to fill in per-centages, according to patient’s report. Lunch and dinnerwere the least accepted meals, and the most reported rea-sons were hyporexia, nausea and vomiting. In the compari-son between the acceptance measured by the instrumentand the weighing method, most preparations showed astrong correlation. Conclusions:We consider the use of the modified Delphitechnique as useful and appropriate for the improvement ofthe elaborated instrument. The instrument constituted a lowcost tool, quick and simple to apply. We expect that its usecould be expanded to other institutions, with the necessaryadaptations, contributing to the better dietary assessment ofhospitalized patients.(AU)

Comparison of the Role of Different Levels of Religiousness and Spirituality in Controversial Ethical Issues and Clinical Practice among Brazilian Resident Physicians: Results from the Multicenter SBRAMER Study.

This study compares clinical practice and objections to controversial ethical issues among 836 Brazilian resident physicians according to levels of religiousness/spirituality. Residents with low religiousness/spirituality (s/r) believed less in the influence of spirituality on clinical practice, were less comfortable addressing this issue, tended to listen less carefully and try to change the subject more than other groups. Residents with high spirituality and low religiousness (S/r) inquired more about religious/spiritual issues, while those with high religiousness/spirituality (S/R) were more supportive and reported fewer barriers to addressing these issues. Concerning ethical issues (e.g., physician-assisted suicide, withdrawal of life support, abortion), S/R had more objections than others.

Processos de socialização e constituição do self: reflexões sobre homeschooling / Processes of socialization and constitution of the self: reflections on homeschooling

Na contemporaneidade, avolumam-se as críticas à instituição escolar, e as famílias passam a reivindicar maior controle sobre a educação de seus filhos, fortalecendo o movimento homeschooling. No contraponto, o Estado reitera a obrigatoriedade da educação formal como atendimento a um direito constitucional. Frente ao debate, este trabalho é um ensaio teórico que reflete sobre processos de socialização, à luz do Interacionismo Simbólico. Reflete sobre o papel da educação escolar na formação social, diante do crescimento do homeschooling e sobre seu impacto para o desenvolvimento integral dos estudantes. Cabe questionar: em que medida a redução das oportunidades de negociação com o outro social pode esvaziar o espaço de atuação e constituição do self dos estudantes? A resposta à questão é buscada em diálogo com ideias elaboradas por George Herbert Mead, que permitem compreender a escola como o Outro Generalizado capaz de oferecer referências para a socialização e o desenvolvimento de crianças e adolescentes

Time between inhibitor detection and start of immune tolerance induction: Association with outcome in the BrazIT study.

BACKGROUND: Immune tolerance induction (ITI) is the treatment of choice for eradication of anti-factor VIII (FVIII) neutralizing alloantibodies (inhibitors) in people with inherited hemophilia A and high-responding inhibitor (PwHA-HRi). The association between ITI outcome and time elapsed between inhibitor detection and start of ITI (∆tinhi-ITI ) is debatable. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate this association among a large cohort of severe PwHA-HRi. METHODS: Severe (factor VIII activity level <1%) PwHA-HRi on ITI (n = 142) were enrolled in 15 hemophilia treatment centers. PwHA-HRi were treated according to the Brazilian ITI Protocol. ITI outcomes were defined as success (i.e., recovered responsiveness to exogenous FVIII) and failure (i.e., no responsiveness to exogenous FVIII and requirement of bypassing agents to control bleeding). RESULTS: Median ages at inhibitor detection and at ITI start were 3.2 years (interquartile range [IQR], 1.6-8.1) and 6.9 years [IQR, 2.6-20.1), respectively. PwHA-HRi were stratified according to ∆tinhi-ITI quartiles: first (0.0-0.6 year), second (>0.6-1.7 year), third (>1.7-9.2 years), and fourth quartile (>9.2-24.5 years). The overall success rate was 65.5% (93/142), with no difference among first, second, third, and fourth quartiles (62.9%, 69.4%, 58.3%, and 71.4%, respectively) even after adjusting the analyses for potential confounders. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, delayed ITI start is not associated with failure of ITI in PwHA-HRi. Therefore, ITI should be offered for these patients, regardless of the time elapsed between the detection of inhibitor and the ITI start.