RESUMO
The authors studied blood lead levels of 226 randomly selected children, aged 6-92 mo, who lived in either a lead-mining area or a nonmining area, and 69 controls. The authors sought to determine to what extent mining activities contributed to blood lead levels in the children. The mean blood lead levels in the study and control groups were 6.52 microg/dl and 3.43 microg/dl, respectively. The corresponding proportions of children with elevated blood lead levels were 17% and 3%. Soil and dust lead levels were up to 10 times higher in the study than the control group. Elevated blood lead levels appeared to result from exposure to both lead-mining waste and lead-based paint. Mining waste was the cause of the higher prevalence of elevated blood lead levels in these children.
Assuntos
Exposição Ambiental/efeitos adversos , Resíduos Perigosos/efeitos adversos , Intoxicação por Chumbo/sangue , Intoxicação por Chumbo/etiologia , Chumbo/efeitos adversos , Mineração , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Pré-Escolar , Poeira/análise , Exposição Ambiental/análise , Monitoramento Ambiental , Feminino , Resíduos Perigosos/análise , Humanos , Chumbo/análise , Chumbo/sangue , Masculino , Missouri , Pintura/efeitos adversos , Análise de Regressão , Características de Residência , Poluentes do Solo/efeitos adversos , Poluentes do Solo/análise , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosAssuntos
Células de Kupffer/metabolismo , Fígado/metabolismo , Animais , Sobrevivência Celular , Fluoresceína-5-Isotiocianato , Técnicas In Vitro , Células de Kupffer/citologia , Células de Kupffer/ultraestrutura , Masculino , Taxa de Depuração Metabólica , Microesferas , Perfusão , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
The efficacy of sustained release Altosid sand granules to control adult Aedes taeniorhynchus and Culex quinquefasciatus emergence was investigated. Sand granules applied at a 7-day preflood application rate of 5.6 kg/ha controlled 99% of the Ae. taeniorhynchus emergence in saltwater plots for 44 days posttreatment and 35% of Cx. quinquefasciatus in freshwater plots. A 5.6 kg/ha rate controlled 100% of the Ae. taeniorhynchus emergence for 30 days posttreatment in semi-permanent saltwater plots. Altosid pellets were used at the label rate for comparison. Sand granules applied at 11.2, 16.8 and 22.4 kg/ha against Cx. quinquefasciatus in freshwater plots gave 98% emergence inhibition at the 22.4 kg/ha rate 37 days posttreatment, 93% at 16.8 kg/ha for 22 days, and 100% at 11.2 kg/ha rate for 16 days.
