Emotion recognition through Spanish prosody in people with schizophrenia.

People with schizophrenia have deficits in the ability to identify emotions. An area of important dysfunction is the understanding of affective prosody, which can limit communication and social functionality. The objective of this study is to compare emotional recognition through prosody between a group of people with schizophrenia versus a control group without pathology, through the Reading the Mind in the Voice - Spanish Version scale (RMV-SV).

Reconocimiento de las emociones a través de la prosodia en español en personas con esquizofrenia / Emotion recognition through Spanish prosody in people with schizophrenia

Introducción: Las personas con esquizofrenia presentan déficits en lahabilidad para identificar emociones. Un área de importante disfunción es la comprensión de la prosodia afectiva, que puede limitar la comunicación y la funcionalidad social. Elobjetivo de este estudio es comparar el reconocimiento emocional a través de la prosodia entre un grupo de personas con esquizofrenia frente a un grupo control sin patología, através de la escala Reading the Mind in the Voice – SpanishVersion (RMV-SV).Metodología:Se reclutó un grupo de personas con esquizofrenia otrastorno esquizo-afectivo, clínicamente estables (n = 62).Se compararon con un grupo control (n = 63) en las características sociodemográficas, clínicas, el coeficiente intelectualy el rendimiento en la escala RMV-SV.Resultados:El grupo de casos presentó puntuaciones más bajas enla RMV-SV, con diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p< ,001) frente a los controles. En 17/22 ítems de respuestaserróneas, los enunciados contenían emociones negativas. Lacorrelación fue positiva entre RMV-SV y CI. Se correlacionó de forma inversa el RMV-SV y PANSS, principalmente lasubescala negativa, y la edad.Conclusiones:La escala RMV-SV, validada en autismo, permite detectarlas alteraciones del reconocimiento prosódico en español enla esquizofrenia, postulándose como una herramienta evaluadora de este dominio de la cognición social. (AU)

Introduction: People with schizophrenia have deficits in the ability toidentify emotions. An area of important dysfunction is theunderstanding of affective prosody, which can limit communication and social functionality. The objective of this studyis to compare emotional recognition through prosody between a group of people with schizophrenia versus a controlgroup without pathology, through the Reading the Mind inthe Voice - Spanish Version scale (RMV-SV).MethodA group of people with clinically stable schizophrenia orschizoaffective disorder was recruited (n = 62). They werecompared with a control group (n = 63) in sociodemographic, clinical characteristics, intelligence quotient, and performance on RMV-SV scale. ResultsThe case group presented lower scores on the RMV-SV,with statistically significant differences (p < .001) comparedto controls. In 17/22 items of wrong answers, the statementscontained negative emotions. The correlation was positivebetween RMV-SV and IQ. RMV-SV and PANSS, mainly thenegative subscale, and age were inversely correlated.ConclusionsThe RMV-SV scale, validated in autism, allows detectingthe alterations of prosodic recognition in Spanish in schizophrenia, postulating itself as an evaluating tool of this domain of social cognition. (AU)

Voices 2: Improving Prosodic Recognition in Schizophrenia With an Online Rehabilitation Program.

Introduction: Emotion recognition of voices may play an important role in interpersonal communication and patients with schizophrenia present alterations in this regard. Several on-line rehabilitation tools have been developed for treatment in this area. Voices is an on-line prosodic recognition program consisting of identifying different emotional tones in neutral phrases, in different sessions of gradually increasing difficulty. This training tool has previously reported benefits, and a new version has been created called Voices 2. The main aim of this study is to test the capacity of the Voices 2 program to improve emotion recognition through prosody for adults with schizophrenia. Secondly, it seeks to observe durability effects 1 month after intervention. Method: A randomized, single-blind, multicenter clinical trial was conducted with 44 outpatients diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. The intervention group (also called Voices) was treated with Voices 2, whereas the control group was treated with auditory training that was not related to emotions. Sociodemographic and clinical data, clinical state (PANSS), Intelligence Quotient and prosodic recognition (RMV-SV) were measured at baseline. After intervention, RMV-SV and PANSS were assessed. One month later, the RMV-SV measure was repeated. Results: The control group (n = 19) and the Voices group (n = 22) did not differ on χ2, t or U tests in sociodemographic, clinical and psychometric variables at baseline or post-intervention (all p-values > 0.05). In the Voices group, statistically significant differences were observed in the RMV-SV scale applied post-intervention vs. that applied pre-intervention (Z = 2.47, p = 0.013). Similar results were observed in the 1-month follow-up RMV-SV vs. the pre-intervention RMV-SV (Z = 1.97, p = 0.049). PANSS scale was also assessed with no significant differences between pre vs. post measures in both groups. Lastly, Voices 2 was rated relatively higher, based on its ease of understanding, entertainment value, usefulness and the appropriateness of use of its emotional glossary. Discussion: Improvements were observed in prosodic recognition following intervention with Voices 2 in the Voices group. Although these results are similar to other clinical trial rehabilitation programs, specific research on the matter remains scarce. Certain aspects, such as the durability of effects or adherence should be thoroughly studied and clarified. Clinical Trial Registration: [https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/G95C4].

La importancia de descartar patología orgánica en la psiquiatría de urgencias / The importance of ruling out organic pathology in emergency psychiatry

OBJETIVO: La clínica psiquiátrica puede ser expresión de múltiples patologías somáticas. Es necesario valorar la importancia de la historia clínica y de las pruebas complementarias pertinentes para realizar un abordaje adecuado. CASO CLÍNICO: Varón de 53 años que acude al Servicio de Urgencias con clínica abrupta consistente en fobias de impulsión, irritabilidad y agresividad verbal. La impresión diagnóstica es de trastorno adaptativo y rasgos anancásticos de personalidad. Al día siguiente acude de nuevo, con clínica confuso-delirante y hemiplejía izquierda. Se realiza TAC cerebral con el hallazgo de un infarto subagudo parietotemporal. RESULTADOS: Los «accidentes cerebrovasculares no obvios» o «infartos camaleón» se definen como ictus con principal expresión clínica psiquiátrica. Su aparición aguda es escasa y presentan un mayor error diagnóstico. CONCLUSIONES: Este caso presenta un proceso neurológico de forma atípica. Consideramos relevante la reflexión sobre la importancia de la etiología de la «descompensación psicopatológica aguda» en el servicio de urgencias

OBJECTIVE: On some occasions, diverse somatic pathologies can present relevant psychiatric clinical features. However, the etiology of the disease may not be due to psychiatric disorder, but both to organic and neurological causes. Thus, for proper diagnosis of the disease, evaluation of the importance of the clinical history, as well as supplementary tests, is required. CLINICAL CASE: A 53-years-old man is admitted to the Emergency Room, presenting abrupt psychiatric clinical features: impulsive phobias, irritability, and verbal aggression. The patient is diagnosed with adjustment disorder with obsessive personality traits. The next day, the patient returns to the Emergency Room. He is diagnosed with confused-delusional clinic and left hemiplegia, and underwent a CT scan. Sub-acute parietal-temporal stroke was found. RESULTS: The term "non-obvious cerebrovascular accident" or "stroke chameleon" has been coined to the stroke with a main clinical psychiatric expression. Literature about this type of acute onset stroke is scarce and they could present a major misdiagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: This case report highlights a neurological process with an atypical form. Great importance of the reflection of the etiology of "acute psychopathological decompensation" should be given

[Prevalence of ten Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMID) in Spain]. / La prevalencia de diez enfermedades inflamatorias inmunomediadas (IMID) en España.

OBJECTIVE: Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMID) are chronic and highly disabling diseases that share inflammatory sequences and immunological dysregulations. Considered as a disease in itself, the prevalence of IMID is virtually unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of 10 selected UDI, including rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, hidradenitis suppurativa, sarcoidosis and uveitis in Spain. METHODS: cross-sectional epidemiological study of point prevalence was made. This study was carried out through a series of computerized interviews in households chosen at random in 17 autonomous communities in Spain. A structured questionnaire was used to determine the frequency of diagnosis and the concurrence of 10 IMID in the respondents and other individuals belonging to the same family nucleus. The point prevalence estimates were used and compared with the objective of determining the frequency of IMID by age, sex and communities. The data were processed using Excel 2016 (Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA) and the SPSS V.019 system (IBM Corp. Armonk, NY, USA) for statistical analysis using the usual statistical tests in this type of studies. RESULTS: Of the 7,980 respondents, 510 were diagnosed with an IMID, representing a cross-sectional study of 6.39% (95% CI: 6.02-6.76). One, two, three or more members of the family were affected in 87.2%, 7.8% and 5% of positive relatives in IMID, respectively. The most recurrent diseases were psoriasis (2.69% [95% CI: 2.32-3.06]) and rheumatic arthritis (1.07% [95% CI: 0.70-1.44]). There were differences in prevalence due to sex (p = 0.004) and age (p = 0.000). No significant differences were identified related to geographic location (p = 0.819). Attendance of at least 2 IMID was reported in 8.9% of respondents. CONCLUSIONS: The overall prevalence was of the IMID studied was 6.39%, psoriasis being the most frequent with 2.69%. This study constitutes an initial step to consider IMID as an independent disease within the health system..

OBJETIVO: Las enfermedades inflamatorias inmunomediadas (IMID) son enfermedades crónicas y altamente discapacitantes que comparten secuencias inflamatorias y desregulaciones inmunológicas. Considerada como una enfermedad en sí, la prevalencia de la IMID es prácticamente desconocida. El objetivo de este trabajo fue valorar la prevalencia de 10 IMID seleccionadas, incluyendo artritis reumatoide, psoriasis, artritis psoriásica, espondilitis anquilosante, colitis ulcerosa, enfermedad de Crohn, lupus eritematoso sistémico, hidrosadenitis supurativa, sarcoidosis y uveítis en España. METODOS: Se hizo un estudio epidemiológico transversal de prevalencia puntual. Este estudio llevó a cabo a través de una serie de entrevistas informatizadas en hogares elegidos al azar en 17 comunidades autónomas en España. Mediante un cuestionario estructurado se determinó la frecuencia de diagnóstico y las concurrencias de 10 IMID en los encuestados y otros individuos pertenecientes al mismo núcleo familiar. Las estimaciones de prevalencia pun- tual se utilizaron y compararon con el objetivo de determinar la frecuencia de IMID por edad, sexo y comunidades. Los datos fueron procesados utilizando el programa Excel 2016 (Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA) y el sistema SPSS V.019 (IBM Corp. Armonk, NY, USA) para el análisis estadístico utilizando los test estadísticos habituales en este tipo de estudios. RESULTADOS: De los 7.980 encuestados, 510 fueron diagnosticados con una IMID, lo que representa un estudio transversal de un 6,39% (95% ci: 6,02-6,76). Uno, dos, tres o más miembros de la familia estaban afectados en un 87,2%, 7,8% y 5% de familiares positivos en IMID, respectivamente. Las enfermedades más recurrentes fueron psoriasis (2,69% [95% ci: 2,32-3,06]) y artritis reumática (1,07% [95% ci:0,70-1,44]). Se observaron diferencias en la prevalencia debidas al sexo (p=0,004) y edad (p=0,000). No se identificaron diferencias significativas relacionadas con la localización geográfica (p=0,819). Se reportó concurrencia de al menos 2 IMID en un 8,9% de encuestados. CONCLUSIONES: La prevalencia global fue de las IMID estudiadas fue del 6,39 % siendo las mas frecuentes la psoriasis con el 2,69%. Este estudio constituye un paso inicial para considerar la IMID como una enfermedad independiente dentro del sistema sanitario.

Improving emotion recognition in schizophrenia with "VOICES": An on-line prosodic self-training.

INTRODUCTION: Emotion recognition (ER) deficits have been extensively demonstrated in schizophrenia. These deficiencies are not only restricted to facial emotion recognition but also include emotional prosody (tone of the voice) recognition deficits. They have been significantly associated with symptom severity and poor social functioning. The aim of this study was to test the efficacy, in real clinical conditions, of an online self-training prosodic game included in the Social Cognition rehabilitation program e-Motional Training. METHOD: A randomized, single-blind multicenter clinical trial was conducted with 50 outpatients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. The control group was treated with Treatment-as-usual (TAU), based on drug therapy, case management and individual and group psychotherapy (not focused on Social Cognition). The intervention group was treated with TAU plus the employment of Voices, an online self-training program devised for prosodic rehabilitation. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Linear regression was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention in emotion recognition measured with the Reading the Mind in the Voice-Spanish Version (RMV-SV). RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences between the intervention and control group measured with RMV-SV (ß = 3,6[IC 95%], p<0.001), with a response variable in RMV post R2 = 0,617. DISCUSSION: Voices, a prosodic rehabilitation game included in e-Motional Training, seems to be a promising tool for improving emotional voice recognition deficits in schizophrenia, filling the need for such interventions.

La prevalencia de diez enfermedades inflamatorias inmunomediadas (IMID) en España / Prevalence of ten Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMID) in Spain

OBJETIVO: Las enfermedades inflamatorias inmunomediadas (IMID) son enfermedades crónicas y altamente discapacitantes que comparten secuencias inflamatorias y desregulaciones inmunológicas. Considerada como una enfermedad en sí, la prevalencia de la IMID es prácticamente desconocida. El objetivo de este trabajo fue valorar la prevalencia de 10 IMID seleccionadas, incluyendo artritis reumatoide, psoriasis, artritis psoriásica, espondilitis anquilosante, colitis ulcerosa, enfermedad de Crohn, lupus eritematoso sistémico, hidrosadenitis supurativa, sarcoidosis y uveítis en España. MÉTODOS: Se hizo un estudio epidemiológico transversal de prevalencia puntual. Este estudio llevó a cabo a través de una serie de entrevistas informatizadas en hogares elegidos al azar en 17 comunidades autónomas en España. Mediante un cuestionario estructurado se determinó la frecuencia de diagnóstico y las concurrencias de 10 IMID en los encuestados y otros individuos pertenecientes al mismo núcleo familiar. Las estimaciones de prevalencia puntual se utilizaron y compararon con el objetivo de determinar la frecuencia de IMID por edad, sexo y comunidades. Los datos fueron procesados utilizando el programa Excel 2016 (Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA) y el sistema SPSS V.019 (IBM Corp. Armonk, NY, USA) para el análisis estadístico utilizando los test estadísticos habituales en este tipo de estudios. RESULTADOS: De los 7.980 encuestados, 510 fueron diagnosticados con una IMID, lo que representa un estudio transversal de un 6,39% (95% ci: 6,02-6,76). Uno, dos, tres o más miembros de la familia estaban afectados en un 87,2%, 7,8% y 5% de familiares positivos en IMID, respectivamente. Las enfermedades más recurrentes fueron psoriasis (2,69% [95% ci: 2,32-3,06]) y artritis reumática (1,07% [95% ci:0,70-1,44]). Se observaron diferencias en la prevalencia debidas al sexo (p=0,004) y edad (p=0,000). No se identificaron diferencias significativas relacionadas con la localización geográfica (p=0,819). Se reportó concurrencia de al menos 2 IMID en un 8,9% de encuestados. CONCLUSIONES: La prevalencia global fue de las IMID estudiadas fue del 6,39 % siendo las mas frecuentes la psoriasis con el 2,69%. Este estudio constituye un paso inicial para considerar la IMID como una enfermedad independiente dentro del sistema sanitario

OBJECTIVE: Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMID) are chronic and highly disabling diseases that share inflammatory sequences and immunological dysregulations. Considered as a disease in itself, the prevalence of IMID is virtually unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of 10 selected UDI, including rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, hidradenitis suppurativa, sarcoidosis and uveitis in Spain. METHODS: cross-sectional epidemiological study of point prevalence was made. This study was carried out through a series of computerized interviews in households chosen at random in 17 autonomous communities in Spain. A structured questionnaire was used to determine the frequency of diagnosis and the concurrence of 10 IMID in the respondents and other individuals belonging to the same family nucleus. The point prevalence estimates were used and compared with the objective of determining the frequency of IMID by age, sex and communities. The data were processed using Excel 2016 (Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA) and the SPSS V.019 system (IBM Corp. Armonk, NY, USA) for statistical analysis using the usual statistical tests in this type of studies. RESULTS: Of the 7,980 respondents, 510 were diagnosed with an IMID, representing a cross-sectional study of 6.39% (95% CI: 6.02-6.76). One, two, three or more members of the family were affected in 87.2%, 7.8% and 5% of positive relatives in IMID, respectively. The most recurrent diseases were psoriasis (2.69% [95% CI: 2.32-3.06]) and rheumatic arthritis (1.07% [95% CI: 0.70-1.44]). There were differences in prevalence due to sex (p = 0.004) and age (p = 0.000). No significant differences were identified related to geographic location (p = 0.819). Attendance of at least 2 IMID was reported in 8.9% of respondents. CONCLUSIONS: The overall prevalence was of the IMID studied was 6.39%, psoriasis being the most frequent with 2.69%. This study constitutes an initial step to consider IMID as an independent disease within the health system

Lead enhancement of 3T3-L1 fibroblasts differentiation to adipocytes involves ERK, C/EBPß and PPARγ activation.

Lead (Pb) is an environmental and industrial contaminant that still represents a public health problem. Elevated Pb exposure has been inversely correlated with femoral bone density and associated with osteoporosis. In the last years, it has been shown that inhibition of osteogenesis from mesenchymal stem cells activates adipogenesis and vice versa. In this paper, we investigated the effect of Pb on the differentiation of 3T3-L1 fibroblasts to adipocytes which is the cell model most used to study adipogenesis. After induction of differentiation, 2 days post-confluent cells re-enter the cell cycle and undergo mitotic clonal expansion (MCE) followed by expression of genes that produce the adipocyte phenotype. The presence of concentrations of Pb up to 10 µM during differentiation of 3T3-L1 fibroblasts did not interfere with MCE but enhanced the accumulation of cytosolic lipids that occur during adipogenesis, as well as, the induction of PPARγ, the master gene in adipogenesis. It is known that PPARγ upregulation is subsequent to induction of C/EBPß and ERK activation, which are early events in adipogenesis. We found that both events were enhanced by Pb treatment. Our results support a stimulatory effect of Pb on adipogenesis which involves ERK activation and C/EBPß upregulation prior to PPARγ and adipogenesis activation.