RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Surgical site infections (SSIs) remain a morbid and costly complication in abdominal surgery. Topical antibiotic delivery via intraoperative irrigation and barrier wound protection are strategies for preventing SSI. We tested the safety and efficacy of a novel wound protector device with an integrated fluid irrigation platform in a porcine model. METHODS: A simulated colorectal resection model was designed and performed on adult female pigs with a standardized concentration of 109 colony-forming units (CFU) of Escherichia coli administered to the wound site in 10 mL of normal saline (n = 7). The device was tested intraoperatively with and without irrigation with gentamicin-containing irrigant solution. Swab and tissue samples were obtained in addition to peripheral blood samples. Quantitative culture analysis was performed in addition to histological and immunohistochemical analysis and gentamicin concentration measurements. RESULTS: There were no adverse events observed in the animals. Tissue protected by the device yielded exponentially lower levels of E. coli growth compared to exposed tissue, with a mean 1 × 102 CFU/swab. Use of the device, both with and without irrigation, was associated with an exponential reduction in quantitative bacterial load compared to the control wounds with no device, with limited growth after wound closure in the pigs receiving irrigation. Histology and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining analysis revealed no significant damage to tissue. Serum gentamicin levels remained below the clinical threshold and decreased over time. CONCLUSIONS: This in vivo study suggests safety and efficacy of a novel device for the prevention of intraoperative wound contamination.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Cirurgia Colorretal/instrumentação , Infecções por Escherichia coli/prevenção & controle , Escherichia coli/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Gentamicinas/administração & dosagem , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/prevenção & controle , Administração Tópica , Animais , Antibacterianos/sangue , Carga Bacteriana , Cirurgia Colorretal/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Gentamicinas/sangue , Cloreto de Sódio/uso terapêutico , Suínos , Irrigação Terapêutica/efeitos adversos , Irrigação Terapêutica/instrumentaçãoRESUMO
Prevalence of dental problems in recreational SCUBA divers: A pilot survey.
Assuntos
Mergulho , Doenças Estomatognáticas/epidemiologia , Humanos , Prevalência , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
An investigation of the clinical experiences of dentists within the national dental foundation training programme in the North West of England.
Assuntos
Odontólogos , Satisfação Pessoal , Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Inglaterra , HumanosRESUMO
A scoping review of the implications of adult obesity in the delivery and acceptance of dental care.
Assuntos
Assistência Odontológica , Odontologia , Obesidade , HumanosRESUMO
A survey of sports drinks consumption among adolescents.
Assuntos
Bebidas Energéticas , Paladar , Adolescente , Comportamento do Adolescente , Humanos , Esportes , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
The availability of novelty sweets within high school localities.
Assuntos
Doces , Comércio , Instituições Acadêmicas , Humanos , Reino UnidoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: It is unclear whether large gaping perforations of the colon can be closed by the endoluminal route. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility and the outcome of closure of large perforations of colon with clips and sutures by using through-the-endoscope novel devices. DESIGN: Prospective animal study. SETTING: University hospital. PATIENTS: Ten pigs. INTERVENTIONS: Closure of a 4-cm full-thickness colon perforation freshly created by an insulated-tip knife with the InScope Multi-Clip Applier (n = 6) and with the tissue approximation device (n = 4). MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: (a) Technical feasibility of closure, (b) clinical monitoring for 2 weeks, (c) necropsy (day 14), (d) healing by a dye-leak test and histology. RESULTS: Endoluminal closure of a 4-cm-long colon perforation was successful in 9 of 10 animals. The clips failed to close a gaping wide colon perforation in 1 animal. The sutures were successful in the closure of both nongaping and gaping perforations. Successful closure resulted in a leakproof sealing at 2 weeks and prevented clinical peritonitis in all the animals in the clip-closure group and in 3 of 4 animals in the suture-closure group. Necropsy at 2 weeks revealed mild peritonitis in 2 of the 5 animals in the clip closure group and in 2 of the 4 animals in the suture-closure group; none developed fecal peritonitis. LIMITATIONS: None. CONCLUSIONS: Endoluminal closure of a 4-cm colon perforation with clips was successful in the majority of cases. Sutures were useful in the closure of gaping colon perforations that could not be closed with clips.
Assuntos
Colo/lesões , Colo/cirurgia , Colonoscópios , Colonoscopia , Perfuração Intestinal/cirurgia , Técnicas de Sutura/instrumentação , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Desenho de Equipamento , Estudos de Viabilidade , Estudos Prospectivos , Instrumentos Cirúrgicos , Suínos , Resultado do Tratamento , CicatrizaçãoAssuntos
Associações de Consumidores , Crime/prevenção & controle , Má Conduta Profissional , Psiquiatria , Credenciamento/organização & administração , Humanos , Serviços de Saúde Mental/normas , Relações Profissional-Paciente , Delitos Sexuais/legislação & jurisprudência , Delitos Sexuais/prevenção & controle , Reino UnidoRESUMO
We have investigated the roles of the antioxidant glutathione and p53 in the response of embryonic stem (ES) cells to oxidative stress. ES cells express gammaGCS, a critical enzyme in glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis. Treatment with the pro-oxidant menadione led to elevation of GSH, a strong apoptotic response and reduced clonogenic survival. Addition of BSO, a specific gammaGCS inhibitor depleted GSH pools and prevented the menadione-induced increase in GSH, sensitizing cells to oxidative insult. Although p53 status had no bearing on either the basal levels of GSH or the menadione-induced GSH response, the levels of menadione-induced apoptosis were reduced in the absence of p53. We conclude that the pathways involving p53 and GSH act independently to protect against the deleterious effects of oxidative damage. Furthermore, the presence of an intact p53 pathway confers a long-term growth advantage post oxidative stress. Thus, in the absence of p53 ES cells bearing genotoxic damage are less likely to be propagated, suggesting that p53-dependent apoptosis acts to limit the deleterious effects of oxidative stress during early development.