Telemedicine in the monitoring of patients with dementia: a Brazilians caregivers's perspective. / Telemedicina en la monitorización de pacientes con demencia: una perspectiva de cuidadores brasileños.

INTRODUCTION: The SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic warranted expanded care via telemedicine across a breath of medical specialties. The aim of the study is to analyze the preferences of caregivers of patients with dementia on the use of telemedicine in monitoring these patients. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Caregivers and family members responsible for patients with dementia completed an online self-applicable questionnaire, which was distributed in Facebook and WhatsApp groups between April and October 2020. RESULTS: 130 responses were obtained; most caregivers were women (83.8%), of whom 60% were daughters of patients. Most patients were also women (75.3%). Alzheimer's disease caused dementia in 73% of cases. The Internet was accessible to 98% of respondents, yet less than half (33.8%) had used telemedicine at least once. Although 66.9% of caregivers would be willing to use telemedicine if the doctor offered it, 63% believed that the cost of video consultations should be lower than those face-to-face. During the COVID-19 pandemic, 85.3% of caregivers needed to contact the physician: just over half of these consultations were face-to-face (52.2%), but telemedicine was preferred (62.3%) if possible. CONCLUSION: Caregivers accepted and were interested in telemedicine as a tool for monitoring patients with dementia, especially those with walking difficulties.

TITLE: Telemedicina en la monitorización de pacientes con demencia: una perspectiva de cuidadores brasileños.Introducción. La pandemia de SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) requirió una atención ampliada a través de la telemedicina en una variedad de especialidades médicas. El objetivo del estudio es analizar las preferencias de los cuidadores de pacientes con demencia sobre el uso de la telemedicina en el seguimiento de estos pacientes. Sujetos y métodos. Los cuidadores y familiares a cargo de pacientes con demencia completaron un cuestionario autoaplicable en línea, que se distribuyó en grupos de Facebook y WhatsApp entre abril y octubre de 2020. Resultados. Se obtuvieron 130 respuestas; la mayoría de los cuidadores eran mujeres (83,8%), de las cuales el 60% eran hijas de pacientes. La mayoría de los pacientes también eran mujeres (75,3%). La enfermedad de Alzheimer causó demencia en el 73% de los casos. Internet era accesible para el 98% de los encuestados, pero menos de la mitad (33,8%) había utilizado la telemedicina al menos una vez. Aunque el 66,9% de los cuidadores estaría dispuesto a utilizar la telemedicina si el médico se la ofreciera, el 63% cree que el coste de las videoconsultas debería ser inferior al de las presenciales. Durante la pandemia de COVID-19, el 85,3% de los cuidadores necesitó contactar con el médico: poco más de la mitad de estas consultas fueron presenciales (52,2%), pero se prefirió la telemedicina (62,3%) si era posible. Conclusión. Los cuidadores aceptaron y se interesaron por la telemedicina como herramienta para el seguimiento de los pacientes con demencia, especialmente los que tenían dificultad para caminar.

Translation and validation of the evidence-based practice attitude scale (EBPAS-15) to Brazilian Portuguese: Examining providers' perspective about evidence-based parent intervention.

Background: Few existing evidence-based parent interventions (EBPIs) for prevention and treatment of child and youth mental health disorders are implemented in low-middle-income countries. This study aimed to translate and confirm the factor structure of the Evidence-Based Practice Attitude Scale (EBPAS-15) survey in Brazilian Portuguese with the goal of examining providers' perspective about EBPIs. Methods: We translated and back translated the EBPAS-15 from English to Brazilian Portuguese. Participants were recruited via snowball sampling and data were collected using an online survey from July of 2018 through January of 2020. A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to determine if the scale retained its original structure. Open-ended questions about providers' perspectives of their own clinical practice were coded using the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). Analyses included data from 362 clinicians (318 women, 41 men) from 20 of the 27 states of Brazil. Participants on average were 26.7 years old, held specialist degrees in the field of psychology, actively worked as therapists, and practiced in private clinics. Results: The translation of the EBPAS to Brazilian Portuguese retained the same four-factor structure as the English version except for dropping one item from the Divergence domain. When asked about the challenges in their practices, providers generally referred to parents as clients with little skills to discipline their children and lacking knowledge about child development. Discussion: The Brazilian version of the EBPAS-15 is promising, but future research should consider using quantitative data alongside qualitative information to better understand providers' attitudes about evidence-based interventions to inform implementation efforts. Trial registration: N/A.

Phytochemical composition and biological activities of extracts from ten species of the family Melastomataceae Juss / Composição fitoquímica e atividades biológicas de extratos de dez espécies da família Melastomataceae Juss

Plants possess a renewable source of metabolites with enormous chemical structural diversity, which may have potential therapeutic relevance. Furthermore, this chemical diversity favors the possibility of finding new and different chemical constituents with antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-tumor activities. This work analyzed preliminary phytochemical profiles and evaluated the antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of hexane extracts of leaves of ten species of the family Melastomataceae. Phytochemical screening was performed using staining methods while total phenols and flavonoids were quantified by spectrophotometry. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the disk diffusion method. Antioxidant activity was determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) method. Toxicity was recorded using the lethality test with Artemia salina Leach (1819). Cytotoxic activity of the extracts was assessed in vitro with acute monocytic leukemia cells (THP-1). Phytochemical analysis detected the presence of tannins, terpenes, steroids, polyphenols and flavonoids and the absence of alkaloids. Clidemia capitellata (Bonpl.) D. Don had the greatest amount of polyphenols (205.95 mg/g ± 4.14) while Clidemia hirta (L.) D. Don had the highest content of total flavonoids (143.99 mg/g ± 4.18). The hexane extracts did not show antimicrobial activity nor toxicity against Artemia salina. The extract of Tibouchina francavillana Cogn. was the most active in sequestering the DPPH radical. The extracts showed cytotoxicity in THP-1 cells with the appearance of apoptotic bodies and cell death. The extracts of Miconia amoena, Clidemia sericea and Clidemia capitellata are non-toxic against Artemia salina and induce the formation of apoptotic bodies and cell death of the THP-1 lineage.(AU)

Os vegetais apresentam uma fonte renovável de metabólitos com enorme diversidade química estrutural, os quais podem apresentar potencial relevante na terapêutica, aumentando as possibilidades de encontrar novos e diferentes constituintes químicos com atividades antimicrobiana, antioxidante e antitumoral. Este trabalho analisou o perfil fitoquímico preliminar e as atividades antimicrobiana, antioxidante, citotóxica dos extratos em hexano das folhas de dez espécies da família Melastomataceae. A triagem fitoquímica foi executada utilizando métodos de coloração e quantificação de fenóis e flavonoides totais por espectrofotometria. A atividade antimicrobiana foi realizada pelo método de difusão em disco. A atividade antioxidante foi determinada pelo método 2,2-difenil1-picrilhidrazila (DPPH). A toxicidade foi registrada utilizando o ensaio de letalidade com Artemia salina Leach (1819). A atividade citotóxica dos extratos foi realizada in vitro com células leucêmicas monocítica aguda (THP-1). A análise fitoquímica detectou a presença de taninos, terpenos, esteroides, polifenóis, flavonoides e ausência de alcaloides. A maior quantificação de polifenóis foi da Clidemia capitellata (Bonpl.) D. Don (205,95 mg/g ± 4,14) e o extrato de Clidemia hirta (L.) D. Don apresentou maior teor de flavonoides totais (143,99 mg/g ± 4,18). Os extratos hexânicos não demostraram atividade antimicrobiana e nem toxicidade frente à Artemia salina. O extrato de Tibouchina francavillana Cogn. foi o mais ativo no sequestro do radical DPPH. Os extratos apresentaram citotoxicidade em células THP-1, com visualização de corpos apoptóticos e morte celular. Os extratos de Miconia amoena, Clidemia sericea e Clidemia capitellata são atóxicos contra Artemia salina e induzem a formação de corpos apoptóticos e morte celular da linhagem THP-1.(AU)

Phytochemical composition and biological activities of extracts from ten species of the family Melastomataceae Juss / Composição fitoquímica e atividades biológicas de extratos de dez espécies da família Melastomataceae Juss

Plants possess a renewable source of metabolites with enormous chemical structural diversity, which may have potential therapeutic relevance. Furthermore, this chemical diversity favors the possibility of finding new and different chemical constituents with antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-tumor activities. This work analyzed preliminary phytochemical profiles and evaluated the antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of hexane extracts of leaves of ten species of the family Melastomataceae. Phytochemical screening was performed using staining methods while total phenols and flavonoids were quantified by spectrophotometry. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the disk diffusion method. Antioxidant activity was determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) method. Toxicity was recorded using the lethality test with Artemia salina Leach (1819). Cytotoxic activity of the extracts was assessed in vitro with acute monocytic leukemia cells (THP-1). Phytochemical analysis detected the presence of tannins, terpenes, steroids, polyphenols and flavonoids and the absence of alkaloids. Clidemia capitellata (Bonpl.) D. Don had the greatest amount of polyphenols (205.95 mg/g ± 4.14) while Clidemia hirta (L.) D. Don had the highest content of total flavonoids (143.99 mg/g ± 4.18). The hexane extracts did not show antimicrobial activity nor toxicity against Artemia salina. The extract of Tibouchina francavillana Cogn. was the most active in sequestering the DPPH radical. The extracts showed cytotoxicity in THP-1 cells with the appearance of apoptotic bodies and cell death. The extracts of Miconia amoena, Clidemia sericea and Clidemia capitellata are non-toxic against Artemia salina and induce the formation of apoptotic bodies and cell death of the THP-1 lineage.

Os vegetais apresentam uma fonte renovável de metabólitos com enorme diversidade química estrutural, os quais podem apresentar potencial relevante na terapêutica, aumentando as possibilidades de encontrar novos e diferentes constituintes químicos com atividades antimicrobiana, antioxidante e antitumoral. Este trabalho analisou o perfil fitoquímico preliminar e as atividades antimicrobiana, antioxidante, citotóxica dos extratos em hexano das folhas de dez espécies da família Melastomataceae. A triagem fitoquímica foi executada utilizando métodos de coloração e quantificação de fenóis e flavonoides totais por espectrofotometria. A atividade antimicrobiana foi realizada pelo método de difusão em disco. A atividade antioxidante foi determinada pelo método 2,2-difenil1-picrilhidrazila (DPPH). A toxicidade foi registrada utilizando o ensaio de letalidade com Artemia salina Leach (1819). A atividade citotóxica dos extratos foi realizada in vitro com células leucêmicas monocítica aguda (THP-1). A análise fitoquímica detectou a presença de taninos, terpenos, esteroides, polifenóis, flavonoides e ausência de alcaloides. A maior quantificação de polifenóis foi da Clidemia capitellata (Bonpl.) D. Don (205,95 mg/g ± 4,14) e o extrato de Clidemia hirta (L.) D. Don apresentou maior teor de flavonoides totais (143,99 mg/g ± 4,18). Os extratos hexânicos não demostraram atividade antimicrobiana e nem toxicidade frente à Artemia salina. O extrato de Tibouchina francavillana Cogn. foi o mais ativo no sequestro do radical DPPH. Os extratos apresentaram citotoxicidade em células THP-1, com visualização de corpos apoptóticos e morte celular. Os extratos de Miconia amoena, Clidemia sericea e Clidemia capitellata são atóxicos contra Artemia salina e induzem a formação de corpos apoptóticos e morte celular da linhagem THP-1.

Phytochemical composition and biological activities of extracts from ten species of the family Melastomataceae Juss

Abstract Plants possess a renewable source of metabolites with enormous chemical structural diversity, which may have potential therapeutic relevance. Furthermore, this chemical diversity favors the possibility of finding new and different chemical constituents with antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-tumor activities. This work analyzed preliminary phytochemical profiles and evaluated the antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of hexane extracts of leaves of ten species of the family Melastomataceae. Phytochemical screening was performed using staining methods while total phenols and flavonoids were quantified by spectrophotometry. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the disk diffusion method. Antioxidant activity was determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) method. Toxicity was recorded using the lethality test with Artemia salina Leach (1819). Cytotoxic activity of the extracts was assessed in vitro with acute monocytic leukemia cells (THP-1). Phytochemical analysis detected the presence of tannins, terpenes, steroids, polyphenols and flavonoids and the absence of alkaloids. Clidemia capitellata (Bonpl.) D. Don had the greatest amount of polyphenols (205.95 mg/g ± 4.14) while Clidemia hirta (L.) D. Don had the highest content of total flavonoids (143.99 mg/g ± 4.18). The hexane extracts did not show antimicrobial activity nor toxicity against Artemia salina. The extract of Tibouchina francavillana Cogn. was the most active in sequestering the DPPH radical. The extracts showed cytotoxicity in THP-1 cells with the appearance of apoptotic bodies and cell death. The extracts of Miconia amoena, Clidemia sericea and Clidemia capitellata are non-toxic against Artemia salina and induce the formation of apoptotic bodies and cell death of the THP-1 lineage.

Resumo Os vegetais apresentam uma fonte renovável de metabólitos com enorme diversidade química estrutural, os quais podem apresentar potencial relevante na terapêutica, aumentando as possibilidades de encontrar novos e diferentes constituintes químicos com atividades antimicrobiana, antioxidante e antitumoral. Este trabalho analisou o perfil fitoquímico preliminar e as atividades antimicrobiana, antioxidante, citotóxica dos extratos em hexano das folhas de dez espécies da família Melastomataceae. A triagem fitoquímica foi executada utilizando métodos de coloração e quantificação de fenóis e flavonoides totais por espectrofotometria. A atividade antimicrobiana foi realizada pelo método de difusão em disco. A atividade antioxidante foi determinada pelo método 2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidrazila (DPPH). A toxicidade foi registrada utilizando o ensaio de letalidade com Artemia salina Leach (1819). A atividade citotóxica dos extratos foi realizada in vitro com células leucêmicas monocítica aguda (THP-1). A análise fitoquímica detectou a presença de taninos, terpenos, esteroides, polifenóis, flavonoides e ausência de alcaloides. A maior quantificação de polifenóis foi da Clidemia capitellata (Bonpl.) D. Don (205,95 mg/g ± 4,14) e o extrato de Clidemia hirta (L.) D. Don apresentou maior teor de flavonoides totais (143,99 mg/g ± 4,18). Os extratos hexânicos não demostraram atividade antimicrobiana e nem toxicidade frente à Artemia salina. O extrato de Tibouchina francavillana Cogn. foi o mais ativo no sequestro do radical DPPH. Os extratos apresentaram citotoxicidade em células THP-1, com visualização de corpos apoptóticos e morte celular. Os extratos de Miconia amoena, Clidemia sericea e Clidemia capitellata são atóxicos contra Artemia salina e induzem a formação de corpos apoptóticos e morte celular da linhagem THP-1.

Phytochemical composition and biological activities of extracts from ten species of the family Melastomataceae Juss / Composição fitoquímica e atividades biológicas de extratos de dez espécies da família Melastomataceae Juss

Plants possess a renewable source of metabolites with enormous chemical structural diversity, which may have potential therapeutic relevance. Furthermore, this chemical diversity favors the possibility of finding new and different chemical constituents with antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-tumor activities. This work analyzed preliminary phytochemical profiles and evaluated the antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of hexane extracts of leaves of ten species of the family Melastomataceae. Phytochemical screening was performed using staining methods while total phenols and flavonoids were quantified by spectrophotometry. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the disk diffusion method. Antioxidant activity was determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) method. Toxicity was recorded using the lethality test with Artemia salina Leach (1819). Cytotoxic activity of the extracts was assessed in vitro with acute monocytic leukemia cells (THP-1). Phytochemical analysis detected the presence of tannins, terpenes, steroids, polyphenols and flavonoids and the absence of alkaloids. Clidemia capitellata (Bonpl.) D. Don had the greatest amount of polyphenols (205.95 mg/g ± 4.14) while Clidemia hirta (L.) D. Don had the highest content of total flavonoids (143.99 mg/g ± 4.18). The hexane extracts did not show antimicrobial activity nor toxicity against Artemia salina. The extract of Tibouchina francavillana Cogn. was the most active in sequestering the DPPH radical. The extracts showed cytotoxicity in THP-1 cells with the appearance of apoptotic bodies and cell death. The extracts of Miconia amoena, Clidemia sericea and Clidemia capitellata are non-toxic against Artemia salina and induce the formation of apoptotic bodies and cell death of the THP-1 lineage.

Os vegetais apresentam uma fonte renovável de metabólitos com enorme diversidade química estrutural, os quais podem apresentar potencial relevante na terapêutica, aumentando as possibilidades de encontrar novos e diferentes constituintes químicos com atividades antimicrobiana, antioxidante e antitumoral. Este trabalho analisou o perfil fitoquímico preliminar e as atividades antimicrobiana, antioxidante, citotóxica dos extratos em hexano das folhas de dez espécies da família Melastomataceae. A triagem fitoquímica foi executada utilizando métodos de coloração e quantificação de fenóis e flavonoides totais por espectrofotometria. A atividade antimicrobiana foi realizada pelo método de difusão em disco. A atividade antioxidante foi determinada pelo método 2,2-difenil1-picrilhidrazila (DPPH). A toxicidade foi registrada utilizando o ensaio de letalidade com Artemia salina Leach (1819). A atividade citotóxica dos extratos foi realizada in vitro com células leucêmicas monocítica aguda (THP-1). A análise fitoquímica detectou a presença de taninos, terpenos, esteroides, polifenóis, flavonoides e ausência de alcaloides. A maior quantificação de polifenóis foi da Clidemia capitellata (Bonpl.) D. Don (205,95 mg/g ± 4,14) e o extrato de Clidemia hirta (L.) D. Don apresentou maior teor de flavonoides totais (143,99 mg/g ± 4,18). Os extratos hexânicos não demostraram atividade antimicrobiana e nem toxicidade frente à Artemia salina. O extrato de Tibouchina francavillana Cogn. foi o mais ativo no sequestro do radical DPPH. Os extratos apresentaram citotoxicidade em células THP-1, com visualização de corpos apoptóticos e morte celular. Os extratos de Miconia amoena, Clidemia sericea e Clidemia capitellata são atóxicos contra Artemia salina e induzem a formação de corpos apoptóticos e morte celular da linhagem THP-1.

Apoptosis Induction in Murine Melanoma (B16F10) Cells by Mannosylerythritol Lipids-B; a Glycolipid Biosurfactant with Antitumoral Activities.

Mannosylerythritol lipids have drawn attention to cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries due to their non-toxicity and excellent biological interactions with human skin, particularly with the deepest epidermal layer. Lamellar liquid crystal structure, formed by MEL-B, is an interesting feature due to its similarity to the stratum corneum molecular arrangement and cell signaling events involved in the deregulation of the cancerous cell membrane. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of commercial mannosylerythritol lipids-B in murine melanoma, fibroblast, and human erythrocytes cells. Cytotoxic effect was more pronounced on the tumor cells from 20 µg/mL, reducing cell viability by 65%, whereas fibroblast and human erythrocytes cells were more resistant to glycolipid treatment. Fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometer proved that mannosylerythritol lipids-B is an apoptosis inducer in tumor cells related to reactive oxygen species generation.

Phytochemical composition and biological activities of extracts from ten species of the family Melastomataceae Juss.

Plants possess a renewable source of metabolites with enormous chemical structural diversity, which may have potential therapeutic relevance. Furthermore, this chemical diversity favors the possibility of finding new and different chemical constituents with antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-tumor activities. This work analyzed preliminary phytochemical profiles and evaluated the antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of hexane extracts of leaves of ten species of the family Melastomataceae. Phytochemical screening was performed using staining methods while total phenols and flavonoids were quantified by spectrophotometry. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the disk diffusion method. Antioxidant activity was determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) method. Toxicity was recorded using the lethality test with Artemia salina Leach (1819). Cytotoxic activity of the extracts was assessed in vitro with acute monocytic leukemia cells (THP-1). Phytochemical analysis detected the presence of tannins, terpenes, steroids, polyphenols and flavonoids and the absence of alkaloids. Clidemia capitellata (Bonpl.) D. Don had the greatest amount of polyphenols (205.95 mg/g ± 4.14) while Clidemia hirta (L.) D. Don had the highest content of total flavonoids (143.99 mg/g ± 4.18). The hexane extracts did not show antimicrobial activity nor toxicity against Artemia salina. The extract of Tibouchina francavillana Cogn. was the most active in sequestering the DPPH radical. The extracts showed cytotoxicity in THP-1 cells with the appearance of apoptotic bodies and cell death. The extracts of Miconia amoena, Clidemia sericea and Clidemia capitellata are non-toxic against Artemia salina and induce the formation of apoptotic bodies and cell death of the THP-1 lineage.

Influência do tramadol associado à levobupicavaína epidural sobre a taxa de propofol e variáveis fisiológicas, em cadelas submetidas à mastectomia e à ovário-histerectomia / [Influence of tramadol combined with epidural levobupicavaine, on the propofol infusion rate and physiological variables, in female dogs undergoing mastectomy and ovariohysterectomy]

Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos fisiológicos e sobre o consumo do propofol, relativos à anestesia epidural com levobupivacaína isolada ou associada a diferentes doses de tramadol. Para tal, 18 cadelas foram pré-tratadas com acepromazina, utilizando-se propofol para indução e manutenção anestésicas. Conforme o protocolo epidural instituído, formaram-se três grupos (n=6) tratados com levobupivacaína isolada (1,5mg/kg) (GL) ou acrescida de 2mg/kg (GLT2) ou 4mg/kg (GLT4) de tramadol, respectivamente. As fêmeas foram submetidas à mastectomia e à ovário-histerectomia (OH), registrando-se as variáveis fisiológicas nos períodos pré (TB e T0) e transanestésicos (T10 a T70), bem como a taxa mínima de propofol necessária. Houve redução da FC para o GL e o GLT4 em relação ao GLT2 (T30 a T70), detectando-se, no GL, redução da PAS e da PAD em relação ao TB. Maiores taxas de infusão do propofol foram necessárias para o GL (0,70±0,12mg/kg/min) em relação ao GLT2 (0,50±0,19mg/kg/min) e ao GLT4 (0,50±0,19mg/kg/min). Conclui-se que o tramadol potencializou o propofol, ao ofertar analgesia, independentemente da dose administrada. Todos os protocolos testados foram seguros e eficazes em cadelas submetidas à mastectomia e à OH.(AU)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological and on propofol-sparing effects related to epidural anesthesia with levobupivacaine alone or combined with different doses of tramadol. For this purpose, 18 female dogs were pretreated with acepromazine, using propofol for induction and maintenance of anesthesia. Based on a previously established epidural (L7-S1) protocol, three groups (n=6) were treated with either levobupivacaine alone (1.5mg.k-1) (GL) or in association with to 2mg.kg-1 (GLT2) or 4mg.kg-1 (GLT4) of tramadol, respectively. These dogs were all undergoing mastectomy and ovariohysterectomy (OH). The physiological data were registered in the pre (TB and T0) and trans-anesthetic periods (T10 - T70), as well as the consumption of propofol. There was a reduction in the HR for GL and GLT4 in relation to GLT2 (T30 - T70) and reductions in SAP and DAP in relation to TB in the GL group. Higher continuous infusion rate of propofol were required for GL (0.70±0.12mg.kg-1.min-1) relative to GLT2 (0.50±0.19mg.kg-1.min-1) and GLT4 (0.50±0.19mg.kg-1.min-1). It was concluded that tramadol potentiated propofol, offering analgesia independently of its administered dose. All protocols tested were safe and effective in female dogs undergoing mastectomy and OH.(AU)

Desempenho e características de carcaça de suínos em crescimento alimentados com torta de algodão e complexo enzimático / Performance and carcass characteristics of growing pigs fed diets containing cottonseed cake with and enzyme complex

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da inclusão da torta de algodão (TA) com adição de enzimas na ração de suínos na fase de crescimento e seus efeitos sobre o desempenho, as características de carcaças, bem como sua viabilidade econômica. Para tanto, foram utilizados 20 suínos machos castrados, distribuídos em um delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com peso corporal inicial de 56,28±5,78kg e final de 79,79±7,32kg. Os níveis de inclusão da TA foram 0%, 8%, 16% e 24%. Todas as rações tiveram os valores de exigência em energia metabolizável, proteína bruta e fósforo subestimados em 1,5% com a utilização de 300g/t do complexo enzimático. Os parâmetros de desempenho e as características de carcaça não apresentaram diferenças significativas entre os níveis de inclusão da TA. A torta de algodão pode ser utilizada em até o nível de 24% de inclusão com adição de complexo enzimático em rações de suínos na fase de crescimento II, sem alterar os parâmetros de desempenho e as características de carcaças, além de apresentar redução do custo/kg de suíno produzido.(AU)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the inclusion of cottonseed cake (CC) with enzyme complex in the diet of pigs in the growth phase and its effects on performance, carcass characteristics and economic viability. Thus, 20 barrows were distributed in a completely randomized block design, with initial body weight of 56.28±5.78kg and final weight of 79.79±7.32kg. The inclusion levels of CC were 0%, 8%, 16% and 24%. All diets had the requirement values of metabolizable energy, crude protein and phosphorus underestimated by 1.5% and were added to 300g/t enzyme complex. The performance parameters and carcass characteristics there was no difference between the levels of inclusion of cottonseed cake. The cottonseed cake can be used up to the 24% inclusion level with addition of enzyme complex in the growth phase II, without affecting performance and carcass characteristics, besides reducing the cost/kg of pig produced.(AU)

Desempenho e características de carcaça de suínos em crescimento alimentados com torta de algodão e complexo enzimático / Performance and carcass characteristics of growing pigs fed diets containing cottonseed cake with and enzyme complex

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da inclusão da torta de algodão (TA) com adição de enzimas na ração de suínos na fase de crescimento e seus efeitos sobre o desempenho, as características de carcaças, bem como sua viabilidade econômica. Para tanto, foram utilizados 20 suínos machos castrados, distribuídos em um delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com peso corporal inicial de 56,28±5,78kg e final de 79,79±7,32kg. Os níveis de inclusão da TA foram 0%, 8%, 16% e 24%. Todas as rações tiveram os valores de exigência em energia metabolizável, proteína bruta e fósforo subestimados em 1,5% com a utilização de 300g/t do complexo enzimático. Os parâmetros de desempenho e as características de carcaça não apresentaram diferenças significativas entre os níveis de inclusão da TA. A torta de algodão pode ser utilizada em até o nível de 24% de inclusão com adição de complexo enzimático em rações de suínos na fase de crescimento II, sem alterar os parâmetros de desempenho e as características de carcaças, além de apresentar redução do custo/kg de suíno produzido.(AU)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the inclusion of cottonseed cake (CC) with enzyme complex in the diet of pigs in the growth phase and its effects on performance, carcass characteristics and economic viability. Thus, 20 barrows were distributed in a completely randomized block design, with initial body weight of 56.28±5.78kg and final weight of 79.79±7.32kg. The inclusion levels of CC were 0%, 8%, 16% and 24%. All diets had the requirement values of metabolizable energy, crude protein and phosphorus underestimated by 1.5% and were added to 300g/t enzyme complex. The performance parameters and carcass characteristics there was no difference between the levels of inclusion of cottonseed cake. The cottonseed cake can be used up to the 24% inclusion level with addition of enzyme complex in the growth phase II, without affecting performance and carcass characteristics, besides reducing the cost/kg of pig produced.(AU)

Identification of equine herpesvirus type 1 as cause of abortion in mares in Southern Brazil / Identificação do herpesvirus equino tipo 1 como causa de abortos em éguas no sul do Brasil

Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo dos casos suspeitos de aborto por herpesvírus equino observados na região sul do Rio Grande do Sul entre 1978 e 2016. Foram revisados os protocolos de necropsia do Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico da Faculdade de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Pelotas resgatando-se os dados epidemiológicos, lesões macroscópicas e histológicas de cada caso. Foram observados dois surtos da enfermidade com prevalência entre 5,7% e 50% nos diferentes estabelecimentos, e dois casos individuais. Em todos os casos foram enviados fragmentos de órgãos fetais formolizados. Histologicamente, em todos os casos foram observados focos de necrose no fígado, pulmão e baço e presença de corpúsculos de inclusão acidofílico em hepatócitos, células epiteliais pulmonares e leucócitos. A imuno-histoquímica utilizando anticorpo policlonal comercial para herpesvirus equino-1 (EHV-1) revelou marcação positiva em todos os casos. Além disso, foi extraído DNA dos tecidos emblocados em parafina dos casos e submetidos à técnica de nested-PCR seguida de sequenciamento genômico dos amplicons em duas amostras. Estes achados indicam, que EHV-1 deve ser considerado como diagnóstico diferencial em casos de aborto em equinos no sul do Rio Grande do Sul.(AU)

Identification of equine herpesvirus type 1 as cause of abortion in mares in Southern Brazil / Identificação do herpesvirus equino tipo 1 como causa de abortos em éguas no sul do Brasil

Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo dos casos suspeitos de aborto por herpesvírus equino observados na região sul do Rio Grande do Sul entre 1978 e 2016. Foram revisados os protocolos de necropsia do Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico da Faculdade de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Pelotas resgatando-se os dados epidemiológicos, lesões macroscópicas e histológicas de cada caso. Foram observados dois surtos da enfermidade com prevalência entre 5,7% e 50% nos diferentes estabelecimentos, e dois casos individuais. Em todos os casos foram enviados fragmentos de órgãos fetais formolizados. Histologicamente, em todos os casos foram observados focos de necrose no fígado, pulmão e baço e presença de corpúsculos de inclusão acidofílico em hepatócitos, células epiteliais pulmonares e leucócitos. A imuno-histoquímica utilizando anticorpo policlonal comercial para herpesvirus equino-1 (EHV-1) revelou marcação positiva em todos os casos. Além disso, foi extraído DNA dos tecidos emblocados em parafina dos casos e submetidos à técnica de nested-PCR seguida de sequenciamento genômico dos amplicons em duas amostras. Estes achados indicam, que EHV-1 deve ser considerado como diagnóstico diferencial em casos de aborto em equinos no sul do Rio Grande do Sul.(AU)

Hexapartite Entanglement in an above-Threshold Optical Parametric Oscillator.

We demonstrate, theoretically and experimentally, the generation of hexapartite modal entanglement by the optical parametric oscillator (OPO) operating above the oscillation threshold. We show that the OPO generates a rich structure of entanglement among sets of six optical sideband modes interacting through the nonlinear crystal. The class of quantum states thus produced can be controlled by a single parameter, the power of the external laser that pumps the system. Our platform allows for the generation of massive entanglement among many optical modes with well defined but vastly different frequencies, potentially bridging nodes of a multicolor quantum network.

Assessing epidemiology of leprosy and socio-economic distribution of cases.

Leprosy still represents a serious health problem in a number of countries, including Brazil. Although leprosy has been associated with poverty for a long time, it is still difficult to accurately define this relationship. Here, we evaluated in an endemic municipality the progress from 1995 to 2015 of epidemiological indicators to establish if there were any strong associations between social indicators and the occurrence of leprosy. An ecological study was conducted using the SINAN database (Brazilian leprosy-national notifiable diseases information system) in combination with georeferencing of leprosy cases. The georeferencing used the ArcGis programme and occurrence of cases was evaluated in relation to the Health Vulnerability Index (HVI), an indicator that categorises socio-economic and sanitation factors. The data identified a marked decrease in the overall prevalence of leprosy, a reduction in the new case-detection rate and a reduction in the number of cases with grade 2 disabilities (albeit with transient peaks in 2007 and 2015). Logistic regression analysis showed association of detection rates with elevated HVI. Thus, while the epidemiological indicators point to the elimination of leprosy, there is evidence of hidden cases and an association between higher rates of leprosy detection and greater social vulnerability remain.

Selection of an Artificial Diet for Laboratory Rearing of Opogona sacchari (Lepidoptera: Tineidae) (Bojer, 1856).

The banana moth Opogona sacchari (Bojer) (Lepidoptera: Tineidae) is a polyphagous pest that can cause serious damage, in particular to banana crops in southern Brazil. The insect is a quarantine pest in several countries, including Argentina, the main consumer market for bananas from southern Brazil. Little information is available about the biology and ecology of this moth, such as a suitable diet for laboratory rearing. In order to provide support for integrated pest management of the pest, this study furnished data for selecting two diets suitable for continuous laboratory rearing of O. sacchari, one based on dried beans, wheat germ, soy bran, brewer's yeast, and casein and another diet with wheat germ and casein as protein sources. With both diets, the viability of the egg-adult period exceeded 68%, with fertility over 338 eggs per female. A corrected biotic potential analysis gave similar values for the two diets.

Estabilidade da caranha em diferentes períodos de armazenamento / Stabilityof the caranhain differentstorage periods

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a influência do tempo de armazenamento na qualidade microbiológica, físico-química e sensorial do pescado caranha (Piaractusmesopotamicus). Os pescados foram estocados em gelo durante zero, sete, 14, 21 e 28 dias e submetidos às contagens de micro-organismos mesófilos, psicrotróficos, coliformes a 35ºC e 45ºC, Salmonella sp. e estafilococos coagulase positiva. Foram realizadas análises de temperatura, pH, acidez, bases voláteis, proteínas, lipídeos, cinzas, umidade, prova de cocção, bem como análise sensorial. As contagens de mesófilos, psicrotróficos, coliformes a 35ºC e 45ºC aumentaram com o tempo de armazenamento. A presença de Salmonella sp. não foi constatada, enquanto a contagem de estafilococos coagulase positiva foi de <10 (est) UFC/g em todos os períodos de estocagem. Observou-se, ainda, que o tempo de armazenamento apresentou influência em todas as variáveis físico-químicas, exceto para temperatura. Na análise sensorial, foi constatado um aumento linear do índice de qualidade (IQ) ao longo do armazenamento, e a rejeição ocorreu aos 14 dias.(AU)

The objective of this study was to verify the influence of storage time on the microbiological, physical-chemical, and sensorial quality of the fish (Piaractusmesopotamicus). The fish were stored on ice for 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days and submitted to counts of mesophilic, psychrotrophic, coliform microorganisms at 35ºC and 45ºC, Salmonella sp. and coagulase positive staphylococci. Analyzes of temperature, pH, acidity, volatile bases, proteins, lipids, ashes, humidity, cooking test, as well as sensorial analysis were performed. Counts of mesophiles, psychrotrophic, coliforms at 35°C and 45°C increased with storage time. The presence of Salmonella sp. was not observed, whereas the coagulase positive Staphylococcus count was <10 (est) CFU/g in all storage periods. It was also observed that the storage time had influence on all physical-chemical variables, except for temperature. In the sensorial analysis, a linear increase of the quality index (IQ) was verified throughout the storage and the rejection occurred at 14 days.(AU)

Estabilidade da caranha em diferentes períodos de armazenamento / Stabilityof the caranhain differentstorage periods

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a influência do tempo de armazenamento na qualidade microbiológica, físico-química e sensorial do pescado caranha (Piaractusmesopotamicus). Os pescados foram estocados em gelo durante zero, sete, 14, 21 e 28 dias e submetidos às contagens de micro-organismos mesófilos, psicrotróficos, coliformes a 35ºC e 45ºC, Salmonella sp. e estafilococos coagulase positiva. Foram realizadas análises de temperatura, pH, acidez, bases voláteis, proteínas, lipídeos, cinzas, umidade, prova de cocção, bem como análise sensorial. As contagens de mesófilos, psicrotróficos, coliformes a 35ºC e 45ºC aumentaram com o tempo de armazenamento. A presença de Salmonella sp. não foi constatada, enquanto a contagem de estafilococos coagulase positiva foi de <10 (est) UFC/g em todos os períodos de estocagem. Observou-se, ainda, que o tempo de armazenamento apresentou influência em todas as variáveis físico-químicas, exceto para temperatura. Na análise sensorial, foi constatado um aumento linear do índice de qualidade (IQ) ao longo do armazenamento, e a rejeição ocorreu aos 14 dias.(AU)

The objective of this study was to verify the influence of storage time on the microbiological, physical-chemical, and sensorial quality of the fish (Piaractusmesopotamicus). The fish were stored on ice for 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days and submitted to counts of mesophilic, psychrotrophic, coliform microorganisms at 35ºC and 45ºC, Salmonella sp. and coagulase positive staphylococci. Analyzes of temperature, pH, acidity, volatile bases, proteins, lipids, ashes, humidity, cooking test, as well as sensorial analysis were performed. Counts of mesophiles, psychrotrophic, coliforms at 35°C and 45°C increased with storage time. The presence of Salmonella sp. was not observed, whereas the coagulase positive Staphylococcus count was <10 (est) CFU/g in all storage periods. It was also observed that the storage time had influence on all physical-chemical variables, except for temperature. In the sensorial analysis, a linear increase of the quality index (IQ) was verified throughout the storage and the rejection occurred at 14 days.(AU)

Chromosome variations and diversity of Epidendrum ibaguense Lindl. (Orchidaceae) on the Tepequém's Tepuy, Roraima, Brazil.

Studies addressing chromosome variations have elucidated many points regarding the taxonomy of the Orchidaceae. Epidendrum L. besides being one the largest orchid genera, present remarkable morphological, and inter- and intraspecific chromosome variations. Thus, based on a previous report on flower color variation in individuals of E. ibaguense (magenta, pink, white, and red), our aim was to determine its chromosome number and test whether this trait is associated with flower color variation in natural populations on the Tepequém's Tepuy, Roraima. Root apices were pre-treated with 8-hydroxyquinoline at 4°C for 24 h and subsequently submitted to conventional cytogenetic procedures. Slides with the best spreading and contraction of chromosomes were photographed under light microscopy. Chromosome number was determined by counting at least 10 mitotic metaphase cells per individual. The types of interphase nuclei were determined for 30 nuclei per individual. E. ibaguense presented intra- and interpopulation variation in chromosome number, with 2n = 58, 72, and 76. The chromosome number 2n = 58 was most commonly found in individuals with magenta, pink, and white flowers, while the remaining two chromosome numbers occurred mostly in red-flowered individuals. The types of interphase nuclei were associated with the chromosome number. Individuals with 2n = 58 presented a predominance of semi-reticulated nuclei, while in those with 2n = 72 and 76 the nuclei were predominantly non-reticulated. The dominance of disploidy in E. ibaguense suggests that this cytotype provides this species with a territorial advantage and a higher reproductive success, possibly contradicting the polyploid hypothesis. Our results suggest that chromosome number may not represent a reproductive barrier in genus Epidendrum.