Hospitalizations in older adults from the Zona da Mata of Minas Gerais, Brazil: data from the Unified Health System, 2016­2018 / Hospitalizações em idosos da Zona da Mata de Minas Gerais, Brasil: dados do Sistema Único de Saúde, 2016­2018

INTRODUCTION: The growing older population increases proportionately the demand for hospital care due to the increase in health problems. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence and incidence of hospitalizations, and to investigate associated factors in older adults from the Zona da Mata of Minas Gerais, Brazil, between 2016-2018. Secondly, to provide a more comprehensive epidemiological overview of hospitalizations, the following were estimated: monthly hospitalization rate; hospital mortality rate; frequency of hospitalizations according to diagnosis, hospitalizations for conditions sensitive to primary care and in-hospital death; and hospital costs. METHODS: This is an ecological and descriptive-analytic study. Data were obtained from the Brazilian Hospital Information System (SIH/SUS). RESULTS: The prevalence of hospitalizations was 35.1% (31.2% in women and 39.7% in men). The monthly rate of hospitalizations was higher in older men when compared with older women (Rate-Ratio=1.35 [95% CI=1.27-1.43]) and adult men between 40­59 years (Rate Ratio=2.42 [95% CI=2.26-2.58]). The cumulative incidence of hospitalization was 144/1,000 older persons (125/1,000 women and 169/1,000 men). Factors significantly associated with hospitalizations were: male sex (PR=1.52 [95% CI=1.11-2.08]); hospitalization in surgical bed (PR=1.93 [95% CI=1.05-3.56]); absence of death (PR=1.94 [95% CI=1.03-3.65]); and hospital stay ≥15 days (PR=0.71 [95% CI=0.54 0.95]). The cost of hospitalizations was R$ 220,8 million (mean of R$ 201,700/day). CONCLUSÃO: The findings strengthen the need for preventive healthcare for the older population living in the Zona da Mata of Minas Gerais and alert managers to the substantial socioeconomic impact of hospitalizations.

INTRODUÇÃO: O crescente aumento da população idosa faz aumentar proporcionalmente a demanda por cuidados hospitalares devido ao aumento dos problemas de saúde. OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalência e incidência de hospitalizações, e investigar fatores associados, em idosos da Zona da Mata Mineira, Brasil, entre 2016-2018. Secundariamente, com intuito de fornecer um panorama epidemiológico mais abrangente acerca das hospitalizações, foram estimadas: taxa mensal de hospitalização; taxa de mortalidade hospitalar; frequência de hospitalizações conforme o diagnóstico, internações por condições sensíveis à atenção primária (ICSAP) e óbito hospitalar; e custos hospitalares. MÉTODO: Trata-se de um estudo ecológico e descritivo-analítico. Os dados foram obtidos do Sistema de Informação Hospitalar brasileiro (SIH/SUS). RESULTADOS: A prevalência de hospitalizações em idosos foi de 35,1% (31,2% em mulheres e 39,7% em homens). A taxa mensal de hospitalização foi maior em homens idosos quando comparados com mulheres idosas (Razão-de-Taxas=1,35 [IC 95%=1,27-1,43]) e homens adultos entre 40­59 anos (Razão-de-Taxas=2,42 [IC 95%=2,26-2,58]). A incidência acumulada de hospitalização foi de 144/1.000 idosos (125/1.000 mulheres e 169/1.000 homens). Os fatores significativamente associados com as hospitalizações foram: sexo masculino (RP=1,52 [IC 95%=1,11­2,08]), internação em leito cirúrgico (RP=1,93 [IC 95%=1,05­3,56]), ausência de óbito (RP=1,94 [IC 95%=1,03-3,65]) e permanência hospitalizado ≥15 dias (RP=0,71 [IC 95%=0,54-0,95]). O custo das hospitalizações foi de R$ 220,8 milhões (média de R$ 201,7 mil/dia). CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados reforçam a necessidade de cuidados preventivos à saúde da população idosa da Zona da Mata Mineira e alertam gestores para o substancial impacto socioeconômico gerado pelas hospitalizações.

Percepção de gestantes quanto à atuação do enfermeiro no pré-natal / Perception of pregnant women regarding the performance of nurses in prenatal care / Percepción de las gestantes sobre la actuación del enfermero en el prenatal

Objetivo: identificar a percepção de gestantes quanto à atuação do enfermeiro no pré-natal. Método: pesquisa fenomenológica que entrevistou 10 gestantes de um município de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Os depoimentos foram organizados em categorias e analisados segundo a fenomenologia social de Alfred Schütz e literatura temática. Resultados: emergiram as categorias "Assistência centrada em ações técnicas", "Fragilidade na comunicação entre enfermeiro e gestante" e a expectativa de "orientações qualificadas desenvolvidas mediante atividades coletivas". Considerações finais: os resultados suscitam a necessidade de valorizar os aspectos subjetivos e comunicacionais no pré-natal, para além das ações técnicas, com vistas a efetivação do vínculo entre os atores, ampliação da adesão e da qualidade do pré-natal. Para tal, recomenda-se atividades de educação permanente

Objective: to identify the perception of pregnant women regarding the role of nurses in prenatal care. Method: phenomenological research that interviewed 10 pregnant women in a city in Minas Gerais, Brazil. The statements were organized into categories and analyzed according to Alfred Schütz's social phenomenology and thematic literature. Results: the categories "Care centered on technical actions", "Fragility in communication between nurse and pregnant woman" and the expectation of "qualified guidelines developed through collective activities" emerged. Final considerations: the results raise the need to value subjective and communicational aspects in prenatal care, in addition to technical actions, with a view to establishing the bond between actors, expanding adherence and quality of prenatal care. To this end, continuing education activities are recommended

Objetivos: identificar la percepción de las gestantes sobre el papel del enfermero en el prenatal. Método: investigación fenomenológica que entrevistó a 10 mujeres embarazadas en una ciudad de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Los enunciados fueron organizados en categorías y analizados según la fenomenología social y la literatura temática de Alfred Schütz. Resultados: surgieron las categorías "Cuidado centrado en acciones técnicas", "Fragilidad en la comunicación entre enfermero y gestante" y la expectativa de "orientaciones calificadas desarrolladas a través de actividades colectivas". Consideraciones finales: los resultados plantean la necesidad de valorar los aspectos subjetivos y comunicacionales en el prenatal, además de las acciones técnicas, con miras a establecer el vínculo entre los actores, ampliando la adherencia y la calidad del prenatal. Para ello, se recomiendan actividades de educación continua

Behavioral patterns that increase or decrease risk of abdominal adiposity in adults.

INTRODUCTION: The identification of risk or protective behavioral patterns associated with abdominal adiposity may aid in prevention and health promotion measures. OBJECTIVE: To identify and to associate behavioral patterns of risk and protection to abdominal adiposity in adults in a Brazilian city. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A population-based cross-sectional study was carried out in Viçosa, Brazil, with 1,226 adults of both sexes. Information on social-demographic characteristics, food intake, level of physical activity, alcohol consumption and smoking were collected by using a questionnaire. The anthropometric measurement of waist circumference and anthropometric indices waist/hip ratio and waist/height ratio were indicators of abdominal adiposity. To identify behavioral patterns, exploratory factor analysis was applied for the variables considered as risk or protective factors. The association of the identified patterns with abdominal adiposity was estimated by multiple linear regression, adjusted for gender, age and social economical class. RESULTS: Two patterns were obtained, "healthy" and "risk". The "healthy" pattern, comprised of the clustering of the variables food consumption, fruits, fresh fruit juices, raw and cooked vegetables and the appropriate level of physical activity, was negatively associated with abdominal adiposity identified by waist circumference (p = 0.048), waist/hip (p = 0.013) and waist/height (p = 0.018) indices. The "risk" pattern, composed of smoking, alcohol beverage abuse and habit of consuming visible fat in fat-rich red meat or poultry skin, was positively associated with abdominal adiposity identified by waist circumference (p = 0.002) and waist/hip (p = 0.007) and waist/height indices (p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS: Two behavioral patterns were identified, a risk pattern and a protective pattern for abdominal adiposity in the assessed population. The study shows the importance of conducting clustering of multiple risk and protective factors to better explain the health conditions of a group.

[Factors associated with body adiposity index (BAI) in adults: population-based study]. / Fatores associados e índice de adiposidade corporal (IAC) em adultos: estudo de base populacional.

The objective of this study was to analyze factors associated with the body adiposity index. A population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted with 964 adults between 20 and 59 years of age, in Viçosa, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Household questionnaires and anthropometric measurements were applied to obtain data. Multiple analysis was performed using linear regression, adjusted for the sampling design effect. The prevalence of excess body adiposity was 36.89 (CI 30.81 to 43.43), being higher among men (48.18% - CI 39.09 to 57.34). Factors positively associated with body adiposity index were: female sex (p = 0.002); age in years (p < 0.001); those living with a partner (p = 0.022). Self-evaluation of positive health (p = 0.048) was negatively associated with the body adiposity index. The prevalence of excess body fat was high and the sex, age, marital status, health self-evaluation and dissatisfaction with body image were determinant factors to the increase in body adiposity in this population, indicating a marked risk for chronic diseases resulting from excess body fat.

Objetivou-se analisar os fatores associados ao índice de adiposidade corporal. Um estudo transversal de base populacional foi conduzido com 964 adultos, de 20 e 59 anos, em Viçosa, MG, Brasil. Aplicou-se questionários domiciliares e medidas antropométricas para se obter os dados. A análise múltipla foi realizada por meio de regressão linear, ajustada pelo efeito do desenho amostral. A prevalência de excesso de adiposidade corporal foi 36,89 (IC 30,81­43,43), sendo mais elevada nos homens (48,18% - IC 39,09­57,34). Associou-se positivamente com o índice de adiposidade corporal o sexo feminino (p = 0,002), idade em anos (p < 0,001), aqueles que viveram com companheiro (p = 0,022) e com insatisfação com a imagem corporal (p < 0,001). A autoavaliação da saúde positiva (p = 0,048) esteve associada negativamente com o índice de adiposidade corporal. A prevalência de excesso de adiposidade corporal foi elevada, sendo o sexo, a faixa etária, o estado civil, a autoavaliação da saúde e a insatisfação com a imagem corporal fatores determinantes para o aumento da adiposidade corporal, nesta população, indicando um forte risco para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis decorrentes do excesso de adiposidade.

Fatores associados e índice de adiposidade corporal (IAC) em adultos: estudo de base populacional / Factors associated with body adiposity index (BAI) in adults: population-based study

Resumo Objetivou-se analisar os fatores associados ao índice de adiposidade corporal. Um estudo transversal de base populacional foi conduzido com 964 adultos, de 20 e 59 anos, em Viçosa, MG, Brasil. Aplicou-se questionários domiciliares e medidas antropométricas para se obter os dados. A análise múltipla foi realizada por meio de regressão linear, ajustada pelo efeito do desenho amostral. A prevalência de excesso de adiposidade corporal foi 36,89 (IC 30,81-43,43), sendo mais elevada nos homens (48,18% - IC 39,09-57,34). Associou-se positivamente com o índice de adiposidade corporal o sexo feminino (p = 0,002), idade em anos (p < 0,001), aqueles que viveram com companheiro (p = 0,022) e com insatisfação com a imagem corporal (p < 0,001). A autoavaliação da saúde positiva (p = 0,048) esteve associada negativamente com o índice de adiposidade corporal. A prevalência de excesso de adiposidade corporal foi elevada, sendo o sexo, a faixa etária, o estado civil, a autoavaliação da saúde e a insatisfação com a imagem corporal fatores determinantes para o aumento da adiposidade corporal, nesta população, indicando um forte risco para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis decorrentes do excesso de adiposidade.

Abstract The objective of this study was to analyze factors associated with the body adiposity index. A population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted with 964 adults between 20 and 59 years of age, in Viçosa, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Household questionnaires and anthropometric measurements were applied to obtain data. Multiple analysis was performed using linear regression, adjusted for the sampling design effect. The prevalence of excess body adiposity was 36.89 (CI 30.81 to 43.43), being higher among men (48.18% - CI 39.09 to 57.34). Factors positively associated with body adiposity index were: female sex (p = 0.002); age in years (p < 0.001); those living with a partner (p = 0.022). Self-evaluation of positive health (p = 0.048) was negatively associated with the body adiposity index. The prevalence of excess body fat was high and the sex, age, marital status, health self-evaluation and dissatisfaction with body image were determinant factors to the increase in body adiposity in this population, indicating a marked risk for chronic diseases resulting from excess body fat.

Risk and protective factors for chronic diseases in adults: a population-based study.

The article describes the relative frequency ok of risk and protective behaviors for chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in adults residing in Viçosa, Brazil. A cross-section-al population-based study including 1,226 adults living in the municipality. We used a structured questionnaire containing questions sociodemographic and behavioral The risk and protection factors evaluated were: smoking, physical activity, excessive consumption of alcohol and food consumption. The proportion of risk and protection factors was calculated in the total population, according to gender, education and socioeconomic status. The studied population has a high frequency of risk factors for NCDs, such as excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages, habit of consuming whole milk, habit of eating meat with visible fat, regular consumption of soft drinks and 78.5% did not achieve the minimum recommendation for physical activity in leisure time. With regard to protective factors, 86.2% of the population reported regular consumption of fruits and vegetables, and 73%, of beans. It was found the highest frequency of risk factors in among males, in younger people and middle socioeconomic status. This population has an urgent need for public policy of municipal planning to change this current scenario.

Risk and protective factors for chronic diseases in adults: a population-based study / Fatores de risco e de proteção para doenças crônicas em adultos: um estudo de base populacional

Abstract The article describes the relative frequency ok of risk and protective behaviors for chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in adults residing in Viçosa, Brazil. A cross-section-al population-based study including 1,226 adults living in the municipality. We used a structured questionnaire containing questions sociodemographic and behavioral The risk and protection factors evaluated were: smoking, physical activity, excessive consumption of alcohol and food consumption. The proportion of risk and protection factors was calculated in the total population, according to gender, education and socioeconomic status. The studied population has a high frequency of risk factors for NCDs, such as excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages, habit of consuming whole milk, habit of eating meat with visible fat, regular consumption of soft drinks and 78.5% did not achieve the minimum recommendation for physical activity in leisure time. With regard to protective factors, 86.2% of the population reported regular consumption of fruits and vegetables, and 73%, of beans. It was found the highest frequency of risk factors in among males, in younger people and middle socioeconomic status. This population has an urgent need for public policy of municipal planning to change this current scenario.

Resumo Este artigo descreve a frequência relativa de comportamentos de risco e de proteção para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT) em adultos de Viçosa, Brasil. Foi realizado um estudo transversal de base populacional, incluindo 1226 adultos residentes do município. Utilizou-se um questionário estruturado, contendo questões sociodemográficas e comportamentais. Os fatores de risco/proteção avaliados foram: tabagismo, prática de atividade física, consumo abusivo de bebida alcóolica e consumo alimentar. A proporção dos fatores de risco/proteção foi calculada na população total, de acordo com sexo, escolaridade e nível socioeconômico. A população avaliada apresenta elevada frequência de fatores de risco para DCNT, como consumo abusivo de bebidas alcoólicas, hábito de consumir leite integral, ingerir carnes com gorduras visíveis, consumo regular de refrigerantes e 78,5% não atingiram a recomendação mínima para atividade física no lazer. Em relação aos fatores de proteção, 86,2% da população relataram consumir regularmente frutas e vegetais, e 73%, feijões. Verificou-se a maior frequência de fatores de riscos no sexo masculino, em indivíduos de menor idade e nível socioeconômico intermediário. Nesta população há urgência nas políticas públicas de planejamento municipal para mudar o atual cenário.

Chronic joint symptoms in adults: A population-based study.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze factors associated with chronic joint symptoms (CJS) in adults. METHOD: A population-based, cross-sectional study was performed with a sample of 1,217 adults aged between 20 and 59 years, in the city of Viçosa, in 2014. The sampling process was performed by conglomerates and sample was selected using a two-stage cluster-sampling scheme. First, 30 of the 99 census tracts of Viçosa were randomly selected using a random sampling scheme, without replacement. Household questionnaires were applied to obtain CJS data, sociodemographic conditions, behavioral factors and health status. Multivariable analysis was conducted using Poisson regression, adjusted for the sampling design effect, using the svy commands in Stata software. RESULTS: Prevalence of CJS totaled 31.27%, significantly higher in women (18.45). Age ranges 40-49 (PR 1.50; 95CI 1.16-1.92) and 50-59 years (PR 1.55; 95CI 1.07-2.25); overweight (PR 1.60; 95CI 1.28-2.00); obesity (PR 1.60; 95CI 1.11-2.29); and those who self-reported performing heavy work (PR 1.27; 95CI 1.09-1.48) showed higher prevalences of CJS. CONCLUSION: Women and individuals who were older, overweight and performing heavy work had a higher risk of CJS in this adult population residing in Viçosa, MG, Brazil.

Chronic joint symptoms in adults: A population-based study / Sintomas articulares crônicos em adultos: um estudo de base populacional

Summary Objective: To analyze factors associated with chronic joint symptoms (CJS) in adults. Method: A population-based, cross-sectional study was performed with a sample of 1,217 adults aged between 20 and 59 years, in the city of Viçosa, in 2014. The sampling process was performed by conglomerates and sample was selected using a two-stage cluster-sampling scheme. First, 30 of the 99 census tracts of Viçosa were randomly selected using a random sampling scheme, without replacement. Household questionnaires were applied to obtain CJS data, sociodemographic conditions, behavioral factors and health status. Multivariable analysis was conducted using Poisson regression, adjusted for the sampling design effect, using the svy commands in Stata software. Results: Prevalence of CJS totaled 31.27%, significantly higher in women (18.45). Age ranges 40-49 (PR 1.50; 95CI 1.16-1.92) and 50-59 years (PR 1.55; 95CI 1.07-2.25); overweight (PR 1.60; 95CI 1.28-2.00); obesity (PR 1.60; 95CI 1.11-2.29); and those who self-reported performing heavy work (PR 1.27; 95CI 1.09-1.48) showed higher prevalences of CJS. Conclusion: Women and individuals who were older, overweight and performing heavy work had a higher risk of CJS in this adult population residing in Viçosa, MG, Brazil.

Resumo Objetivo: Analisar os fatores associados aos sintomas articulares crônicos (SAC) em adultos. Método: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, de base populacional, com 1.217 adultos, na faixa etária de 20 a 59 anos, na cidade de Viçosa, MG, 2014. A amostragem foi realizada por conglomerados em duplo estágio, sendo as unidades de primeiro estágio os setores censitários, e, em seguida, os domicílios. Foram sorteados 30 setores dentre os 99 de Viçosa, por meio de amostragem casual simples, sem reposição. A coleta de dados foi composta por aplicação de questionário contendo questões relativas a variáveis de SAC, sociodemográficas, comportamentais e de saúde. Para verificar as associações, apresentaram-se proporções, razões de prevalência e seus respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95%. A análise múltipla foi realizada por meio da regressão de Poisson, utilizando o conjunto de comandos svy do software Stata, o qual considera o efeito da expansão da amostra na análise dos dados. Resultados: A prevalência estimada de SAC foi de 31,27%, maior nas mulheres (18,45%). Estiveram associadas ao SAC as mulheres (RP 1,49; IC95% 1,23-1,81); as idades de 40 e 49 (RP 1,50; IC95% 1,16-1,92) e 50 e 59 anos (RP 1,55; IC95% 1,07-2,25); o sobrepeso (RP 1,60; IC95% 1,28-2,00); a obesidade (RP 1,60; IC95% 1,11-2,29); e aqueles que autorreferiram realização de trabalho pesado (RP 1,27; IC95% 1,09-1,48). Conclusão: O sexo feminino, a faixa etária de 40 a 59 anos, o sobrepeso, a obesidade e a realização de trabalho pesado foram fatores de risco para SAC em adultos de Viçosa, MG.

Validity of body adiposity index in predicting body fat in Brazilians adults.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare various methods of assessing body compositions with body adiposity index (BAI) and to identify the validity of BAI as a predictor of body fat in Brazilian adults. METHODS: This study included 706 individuals (average age 37.3 years, SD = 12.1). Anthropometric data included percent body fat obtained by skinfold thicknesses, bioelectrical impedance analysis and DXA. Body mass index (BMI), waist/hip ratio, and BAI were calculated. The correlation between variables was assessed by Pearson's correlation coefficient, and the Bland-Altman and Kaplan Meier graphic approaches were used to verify the agreement between BAI and DXA. RESULTS: There was a strong correlation between BAI and BMI (r = 0.84 in men and r = 0.86 in women, P < .001), waist circumference (r = 0.77 in men and r = 0.75 in women, P < .001) percent fat by skinfold thicknesses (r = 0.71 in men and r = 0.71 in women, P < .001) and by DXA (r = 0.72 in men and r = 0.78 in women, P < .001). The Bland-Altman approach showed an overestimation of BAI in males and an underestimation in women using DXA as the reference method. The agreement between BAI and DXA through the Kaplan-Meier analysis was 41%. CONCLUSIONS: It was found that BAI does not replace other measurements of body fat, but compared with more complex methods can be an alternative for estimating the body fat in the absence of these methods.

Abdominal perimeter is associated with food intake, sociodemographic and behavioral factors among adults in southern Brazil: a population-based study.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to investigate the abdominal perimeter determinants in adults who live in the city of Lages, SC. DESIGN: A population-based cross-sectional study in adults from 20 to 59 years-old of the urban area (n=2.022). The dependent variable is the abdominal perimeter, the independent variables are: age, skin color self-reported, marital status, number of children, per capita income, education, physical activity, smoking, nutrition, self-reported diabetes mellitus, high blood pressure, body weight index. The differences between the mean perimeters were tested using ANOVA test and multiple linear regression for confounding adjustment. RESULTS: The response rate was 98.2%, 52.3% were women. The mean abdominal perimeter for men was 93.66 cm (SD 13.8) and for women 92.80 cm (SD 14.5). There was a positive association of abdominal circumference with age (p.

Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar los determinantes del perímetro abdominal en adultos que viven en la ciudad de Lages, SC. Diseño: Estudio transversal de base poblacional en adultos 20-59 años de edad, de la zona urbana (n= 2022). La variable dependiente fue el perímetro abdominal y las variables independientes fueron: edad, color de la piel auto dicho, estado civil, número de hijos, renta per cápita, nivel educacional, actividad física, tabaquismo, nutrición, diabetes mellitus auto dicho, presión arterial alta e índice de masa corporal. Las diferencias entre los promedios de perímetros se probaron a través de la ANOVA y de la regresión lineal múltiple, ajustada para los factores de confusión. Resultados: La tasa de respuesta fue de un 98,2%, de los cuales un 52,3% eran mujeres. El perímetro abdominal promedio para los hombres fue 93,66 cm (SD= 13,8 cm) y para las mujeres 92,80 cm (SD= 14,5). Hubo asociación positiva entre la circunferencia abdominal y la edad (p.