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1.
Rev. esp. med. nucl. imagen mol. (Ed. impr.) ; 39(5): 273-278, sept.-oct. 2020. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-198288

RESUMO

ANTECEDENTES: El hiperparatiroidismo (HPT) se caracteriza por el aumento de los niveles de parathormona (PTH), siendo la exéresis quirúrgica la única opción curativa definitiva. Luego de establecida la necesidad de cirugía, la adecuada identificación de las glándulas paratiroides en el preoperatorio resulta esencial para un abordaje mínimamente invasivo. La negatividad y/o discordancia en los estudios de primera línea (ecografía y gammagrafía de paratiroides Tc99m-MIBI) exige imágenes de mayor precisión, para reducir la probabilidad de exploración cervical bilateral o reintervención. OBJETIVOS: a) Demostrar la sensibilidad de la tomografía por emisión de positrones (PET) / tomografía computarizada 4D (TC 4D) 18 fluorocolina (18F-colina) en HPT; b) comprobar si existe correlación entre la calcemia y la PTH preoperatoria versus el tamaño y SUV (standardized uptake value) máximo precoz y tardío de la glándula, determinado por PET/TC 4D 18F-colina, y c) analizar el comportamiento de las lesiones paratiroideas con el contraste endovenoso (EV). MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: El número total de pacientes incluidos fue de 28 entre los años 2016 y 2019 en una única institución. Es un estudio observacional de tipo cohorte prospectiva. Las correlaciones se analizaron mediante el coeficiente de Pearson para variables con distribución normal y Spearman (rho) para aquellas con distribución no normal. El estándar de referencia para determinar la sensibilidad fue el análisis anatomopatológico. Se interpretó como significativa una p < 0,05. Se utilizó el software STATA 13. RESULTADOS: De los 28 pacientes con PET/TC 4D 18F-colina realizados, 18 fueron intervenidos quirúrgicamente. De las 26 lesiones diagnosticadas por PET/TC 4D 18F-colina como sugestivas de lesiones paratiroideas, 23 correspondieron a enfermedad glandular (adenoma o hiperplasia) estableciendo una sensibilidad del 88,5%. Existió correlación entre la PTH preoperatoria del paciente y el tamaño máximo de la glándula en PET/TC 4D 18F-colina. (Spearman=0,66; p = 0,0014). Las lesiones paratiroideas presentaron, además del realce ante la aplicación de contraste EV, características de comportamiento distintivas que permiten identificarlas de manera altamente sugestiva. CONCLUSIONES: El PET/TC 4D 18F-colina es un estudio anatómico y funcional con una alta sensibilidad en pacientes con HPT con estudios de primera línea negativos o discordantes. La PTH preoperatoria mostró correlación con el tamaño máximo de la glándula en PET/TC 4D 18F-colina. Las lesiones paratiroideas tienen un comportamiento altamente sugestivo y realzan ante el contraste EV


BACKGROUND: Hyperparathyroidism (HPT) is characterised by increased levels of parathyroid hormone (HPT), surgical excision being the only definitive curative option. After establishing the need for surgery, it is essential to identify the parathyroid glands in the preoperative period to use a minimally invasive approach. Negativity and / or discrepancy in first-line studies (ultrasound and Tc-99m MIBI parathyroid scintigraphy) require more accurate images to reduce the likelihood of bilateral cervical exploration or reintervention. OBJECTIVES: a) To demonstrate the sensitivity of 18F-fluorocholine (18F-choline) positron emission tomography (PET)/4D computed tomography (4D CT) in HPT. b) To check whether there is a correlation between calcaemia and preoperative PTH versus size and early and late SUVmax (Standardized Uptake Value) of the gland, determined by 18F-choline PET/4D CT and c) to study the behaviour of parathyroid lesions with intravenous contrast (IV). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 28 patients were included between 2016 and 2019 in a single institution. Prospective observational cohort study. Correlations were analysed using Pearson's coefficient for variables with normal distribution and Spearman (rho) for those with non-normal distribution. Anatomopathological analysis was the benchmark standard to determine sensitivity was. A p<.05 was interpreted as significant. STATA 13 software was used. RESULTS: Of the 28 patients who underwent 18F-choline PET/4D CT, 18 were operated. Of the 26 lesions diagnosed by 18F-choline PET/4D CT as suggestive of parathyroid lesions, 23 corresponded to glandular disease (adenoma or hyperplasia) establishing a sensitivity of 88.5%. There was a correlation between the patient's preoperative PTH and the maximum size of the gland on 18F-choline PET/4D CT. (Spearman=.66; p=.0014). The parathyroid lesions showed, in addition to IV contrast enhancement, distinctive behavioural characteristics identified as highly suggestive. CONCLUSIONS: 18F-choline PET/CT 4D is an anatomical and functional study with high sensitivity in patients with HPT with negative or discrepant first-line studies. Preoperative PTH showed a correlation with maximum gland size on 18F-choline PET/CT 4D. Parathyroid lesions behave in a highly suggestive way and are enhanced by IV contrast


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons combinada à Tomografia Computadorizada/métodos , Fluordesoxiglucose F18/administração & dosagem , Tomografia Computadorizada Quadridimensional/métodos , Hiperparatireoidismo/diagnóstico por imagem , Administração Intravenosa/métodos , Paratireoidectomia/métodos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Coristoma/diagnóstico por imagem
2.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32540340

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Hyperparathyroidism (HPT) is characterised by increased levels of parathyroid hormone (HPT), surgical excision being the only definitive curative option. After establishing the need for surgery, it is essential to identify the parathyroid glands in the preoperative period to use a minimally invasive approach. Negativity and / or discrepancy in first-line studies (ultrasound and Tc-99m MIBI parathyroid scintigraphy) require more accurate images to reduce the likelihood of bilateral cervical exploration or reintervention. OBJECTIVES: a) To demonstrate the sensitivity of 18F-fluorocholine (18F-choline) positron emission tomography (PET)/4D computed tomography (4D CT) in HPT. b) To check whether there is a correlation between calcaemia and preoperative PTH versus size and early and late SUVmax (Standardized Uptake Value) of the gland, determined by 18F-choline PET/4D CT and c) to study the behaviour of parathyroid lesions with intravenous contrast (IV). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 28 patients were included between 2016 and 2019 in a single institution. Prospective observational cohort study. Correlations were analysed using Pearson's coefficient for variables with normal distribution and Spearman (rho) for those with non-normal distribution. Anatomopathological analysis was the benchmark standard to determine sensitivity was. A p<.05 was interpreted as significant. STATA 13 software was used. RESULTS: Of the 28 patients who underwent 18F-choline PET/4D CT, 18 were operated. Of the 26 lesions diagnosed by 18F-choline PET/4D CT as suggestive of parathyroid lesions, 23 corresponded to glandular disease (adenoma or hyperplasia) establishing a sensitivity of 88.5%. There was a correlation between the patient's preoperative PTH and the maximum size of the gland on 18F-choline PET/4D CT. (Spearman=.66; p=.0014). The parathyroid lesions showed, in addition to IV contrast enhancement, distinctive behavioural characteristics identified as highly suggestive. CONCLUSIONS: 18F-choline PET/CT 4D is an anatomical and functional study with high sensitivity in patients with HPT with negative or discrepant first-line studies. Preoperative PTH showed a correlation with maximum gland size on 18F-choline PET/CT 4D. Parathyroid lesions behave in a highly suggestive way and are enhanced by IV contrast.


Assuntos
Tomografia Computadorizada Quadridimensional/métodos , Hiperparatireoidismo/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons combinada à Tomografia Computadorizada/métodos , Adenoma/complicações , Adenoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Adenoma/cirurgia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Cálcio/sangue , Colina/análogos & derivados , Meios de Contraste , Feminino , Radioisótopos de Flúor , Humanos , Hiperparatireoidismo/sangue , Hiperparatireoidismo/etiologia , Hiperplasia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tamanho do Órgão , Glândulas Paratireoides/diagnóstico por imagem , Glândulas Paratireoides/patologia , Neoplasias das Paratireoides/complicações , Neoplasias das Paratireoides/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias das Paratireoides/cirurgia , Estudos Prospectivos , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Adulto Jovem
3.
Rev. argent. endocrinol. metab ; 45(5): 224-243, oct.-dic. 2008. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-641946

RESUMO

El examen PET-TC ha ganado un lugar en el estudio de los tumores de origen endocrino. El marcador metabólico 18F-FDG es el más empleado internacionalmente y el único por el momento en nuestro medio. Las principales limitaciones del método en Endocrinología incluyen la alta diferenciación y baja agresividad de la mayoría de los tumores endocrinos, dificultad en la identificación de lesiones de escasa celularidad y el pequeño tamaño. Las indicaciones para su empleo deben ser precisas debido a que no todos los tumores presentan sustancial avidez por este compuesto por una parte y poder extraer la máxima eficacia diagnóstica del método con adecuadas indicaciones por la otra. La indicación más importante es en pacientes con cáncer diferenciado de tiroides (CDT) con valores de Tg elevados y barridos con 131I negativos. Es aconsejable su indicación con valores de Tg mayores a los 10 ng/ml y con TSH estimulada (endógena o exógena). El objetivo es la localización de las recidivas y metástasis para su exéresis o el empleo de otras terapias alternativas al 131I. Tiene alto valor pronóstico ya que es mayor la fijación de FDG en las lesiones más agresivas. Un paciente con Tg elevada, barrido con 131I negativo y FDG positivo obliga al clínico a actuar más agresivamente para eliminar los focos patológicos, mientras que con FDG negativo puede tener una conducta expectante con controles posteriores. La introducción de otros marcadores emisores de positrones específicos como el 124I, isótopo del Iodo, seguramente aportarán mejores imágenes y diagnósticos. En los tumores neuroendocrinos la FDG tiene limitada aplicación, salvo cuando hay un grado significativo de desdiferenciación. En el cáncer medular de tiroides (CMT) es conveniente indicarlo cuando los niveles de calcitonina superan los 1000 pg/ml con el objeto de localizar el/los sitios de su producción. Con la introducción de radiofármacos más específicos de las diferentes líneas celulares que componen el espectro de los tumores neuroendocrinos con emisores de positrones, tales como 18F-DOPA, 68Ga DOTA, 11C metomidato, 11C-5-hidroxitriptofano, etc., se podrá estudiar con mayor precisión el comportamiento metabólico-molecular de estos tumores.


PET/CT scans have reached an important place in the evaluation of endocrine tumors. The metabolic marker 18F-FDG is the most widespread over the world, and, for the time being, it is the only one available in our country. The limitations of this technique in Endocrinology include high differentiation and low aggressiveness of most endocrine tumors, and low detection rate for low cellularity and/or small lesions. Indications for PET/CT scan in these tumors should be precise, due to the fact that not all of these lesions are significantly glucose-avid and to extract the maximum diagnostic efficacy of this modality to achieve the optimum diagnostic accuracy. The most important indication is DTC with high Tg levels and negative 131I scans. It is advisable to indicate a PET/CT scan in patients with Tg > 10 ng/ml and stimulated TSH (endogenous or exogenous). The aim is to locate recurrencies and metastases in order to remove them, either surgically or by any other therapy alternative to 131I. Due to higher uptake in more aggressive lesions, this study has a high prognostic value. In patients with high Tg levels, negative I-131 scan, and abnormal FDG uptake, the practitioner must act more aggressively in order to remove the pathologic foci, while with a negative FDG -PET scan, the conduct can be expectant, with periodic follow-up. The introduction of other positron-emitting tracers like 124-Iodine, is likely to yield superior quality images and provide better diagnoses. FDG has a limited efficiency in neuroendocrine tumors, unless they show a significant level of desdiffer-entiation. The scan is indicated in MTC, when calcytonin levels are above 1000 pg/ml, in order to locate the tumor sites. With the introduction of more specific positron-emitting radiopharmaceuticals, such as 18F-DOPA, 68Ga DOTA, 11C metomidate, 11C-hidroxytriptophan and others, it will be possible to study the metabolic-molecular behavior of these tumors with a more accurate approach.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Deficiência de Iodo/diagnóstico , Deficiência de Iodo/prevenção & controle , Bócio Endêmico/diagnóstico , Bócio Endêmico/prevenção & controle , Deficiência de Iodo/complicações , Tireotropina/análise , Estudos Populacionais em Saúde Pública , Monitoramento Epidemiológico , Iodo/urina
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