Assuntos
Mycobacterium bovis , Tuberculose Bovina , Animais , Bovinos/microbiologia , Congressos como Assunto , Cervos/microbiologia , Nova Zelândia , Parcerias Público-Privadas , Trichosurus/microbiologia , Tuberculose Bovina/diagnóstico , Tuberculose Bovina/epidemiologia , Tuberculose Bovina/microbiologia , Tuberculose Bovina/prevenção & controleRESUMO
A comparison of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates from seals (pinnipeds) in Australia, Argentina, Uruguay, Great Britain and New Zealand was undertaken to determine their relationships to each other and their taxonomic position within the complex. Isolates from 30 cases of tuberculosis in six species of pinniped and seven related isolates were compared to representative and standard strains of the M. tuberculosis complex. The seal isolates could be distinguished from other members of the M. tuberculosis complex, including the recently defined 'Mycobacterium canettii' and 'Mycobacterium caprae', on the basis of host preference and phenotypic and genetic tests. Pinnipeds appear to be the natural host for this 'seal bacillus', although the organism is also pathogenic in guinea pigs, rabbits, humans, Brazilian tapir (Tapirus terrestris) and, possibly, cattle. Infection caused by the seal bacillus is predominantly associated with granulomatous lesions in the peripheral lymph nodes, lungs, pleura, spleen and peritoneum. Cases of disseminated disease have been found. As with other members of the M. tuberculosis complex, aerosols are the most likely route of transmission. The name Mycobacterium pinnipedii sp. nov. is proposed for this novel member of the M. tuberculosis complex (the type strain is 6482(T)=ATCC BAA-688(T)=NCTC 13288(T)).
Assuntos
Mycobacterium tuberculosis/patogenicidade , Focas Verdadeiras/microbiologia , Tuberculose/veterinária , Animais , DNA Bacteriano/genética , DNA Ribossômico/genética , Humanos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/classificação , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genética , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolamento & purificação , Ácidos Micólicos/análise , Fenótipo , RNA Bacteriano/genética , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Especificidade da Espécie , Tuberculose/microbiologia , VirulênciaRESUMO
AIM: To identify the prevalence of drug misuse (illicit, over-the-counter and prescribed) by patients at Bristol Royal Infirmary, an inner-city teaching hospital, and the problems encountered by ward staff in the management of these patients. METHOD: A prevalence survey was conducted in the A&E department of the hospital using an adapted version of the two-item conjoint screening test (TICS), a validated screening tool devised by Brown et al (1997). A qualitative survey of ward managers was used to identify the problems presented by drug misusers on the ward, and to gather suggestions for the role of a specialist substance misuse liaison worker. RESULTS: An 11 per cent prevalence of drug misuse was found among 64 patients attending the A&E department. In the survey of 18 ward managers, ten (55.5 per cent) wards admitted a minimum of one drug misuser each week and 15 wards (83 per cent) described negative behaviours among this patient group which had an effect on the management of the ward. CONCLUSION: Consideration should be given to routine screening for the presence of drug misuse among patients. Introduction of a specialist drug misuse liaison worker and guidelines for the management of this patient group would help to reduce the significant problems experienced by staff.
