Cross-cultural investigation from nine countries on the associations of antisocial traits and the WHO's containment measures for the COVID-19 pandemic.

Personality traits play a role in prosocial behavior in relation to containment measures intended to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic. Empirical findings indicated that individuals high in socially aversive traits such as callousness are less compliant with containment measures. This study aimed to add cross-cultural data on the relationship between antisocial traits and adherence to COVID-19 containment measures. The sample consisted of 4,538 adults recruited by convenience in nine countries (Australia, Brazil, England, Iraq, Iran, Italy, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, and the United States). Statistical analyses indicated two latent profiles from our sample, empathic and antisocial, and six COVID-19 containment-measure-related factors using measures covering antisocial traits (PID-5), empathy (ACME), global personality pathology (LPFS-BF), and COVID-19 behaviors and beliefs. Through MANCOVA, the antisocial profile consistently showed less compliance and concern about the COVID-19 containment measures, even when controlling for demographics and local pandemic covariables. The network analysis indicated a lack of empathy and callousness as crucial traits of the predisposition to non-compliant behavior. In elaborating on prosocial campaigns in community emergencies, our cross-cultural findings would need to consider personality traits that focus on antisociality, anticipating similar associations and potential impacts in future disease outbreaks.

Craving for carbs: food craving and disordered eating in low-carb dieters and its association with intermittent fasting.

Studies point to positive outcomes in a diet with reduction of carbohydrates and that the associated practice of intermittent fasting (IF) might increase weight loss. Although dieting might be related to disordered eating, little evidence is available about the role of restrictive carbohydrates diets on disordered eating. This study aimed to explore if doing low-carb (LC) diets was related to disordered eating and if IF would increase these symptoms. The sample comprised university students (n = 682), with a mean age of 22 years old and average BMI of 23.6 kg/m2 (SD = 4.3). Twenty-seven percent (n = 188) of respondents reported doing LC diet in the last three months. Of those, 31% (n = 58) reported doing LC diet combined with periods of IF. Mean scores were compared using parametric tests, and effects size and correlations between variables were calculated. Dieters showed higher levels of binge eating, food cravings, cognitive restraint, cognitive restraint toward carbohydrates when compared to non-dieters. The association of LC and IF was related to an increase in disordered eating, especially binge eating and food cravings, specifically 'Lack of control', 'Thoughts or preoccupation with food,' and 'Guilt from cravings and/or for giving in to them'. These results provide evidence that restrictive carbohydrate diets and IF may increase cognitive restraint and, consequently, food cravings.Level III: Evidence obtained from cohort or case-control analytic studies.

Cognitive restraint directed at carbohydrates in individuals on low-carb diet with binge eating: the role of guilt about food cravings.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether the carbohydrate-restricted diet leads to higher levels of food cravings in individuals with binge eating. METHODS: A total of 146 individuals with binge eating participated in the Low-Carb Diet Group (n=48) and Control Group (n=98). The Binge Eating Scale, Hay's questionnaire, Food Cravings Questionnaire - Trait and State, Cognitive restraint subscale and its adapted version for the cognitive restraint toward carbohydrates, were used as measures. Parametric tests were used for comparison between groups (Student's t test), and Pearson's correlation test to verify correlations between variables of interest. RESULTS: No differences were found between groups with and without diet concerning the level of binge eating or food craving total score. The differences found were the higher levels of cognitive restraint (p=0.01), cognitive restraint for carbohydrates (p=0.01) and subscales of 'guilt about food craving' (p=0.04) in the Low-Carb Diet Group. CONCLUSION: Individuals with binge eating and a history of low-carb diet have greater cognitive restraint toward carbohydrates and association with altered eating attitudes (guilt about food craving).

Prevalence and correlates of food addiction: Systematic review of studies with the YFAS 2.0.

BACKGROUND: Research on food addiction (FA) has been growing and increasing interest has been seen in comprehending its mechanisms and clinical and psychological correlates of this phenomena. This field of study is specially apply to understand obesity and eating behavior issues related to eating disorders (ED). OBJECTIVES: We performed a literature review that describe recent research using the updated version of the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS 2.0) or modified-YFAS (mYFAS 2.0), from the date of its publication. METHODS: Search were performed in Web of Science, Pubmed and PsycNET databases for studies that used the YFAS 2.0 and mYFAS 2.0. RESULTS: The studies (n = 53) investigated adaptation and validation of the scale in different cultures (n = 13), prevalence on nonclinical populations and representative samples (n = 5), food addiction in obesity samples (n = 11), in samples with ED and disordered eating (n = 10) and studies that investigated FA in association with other clinical and psychological variables (n = 14). DISCUSSION: Studies with the YFAS 2.0 reveal higher prevalence of FA in different samples, and a great association between FA and BED, BN and obesity. Implications for diagnostic of this phenomena and the overlap between FA and other disorders are discussed. CONCLUSIONS: The field of FA remains an open subject and effort must be implied to understand the subjective experience of addiction related to eating and food.

Cognitive restraint directed at carbohydrates in individuals on low-carb diet with binge eating: the role of guilt about food cravings / Restrição cognitiva direcionada aos carboidratos em indivíduos praticantes de dieta low carb com compulsão alimentar: o envolvimento da culpa pelos desejos por comida

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate whether the carbohydrate-restricted diet leads to higher levels of food cravings in individuals with binge eating. Methods A total of 146 individuals with binge eating participated in the Low-Carb Diet Group (n=48) and Control Group (n=98). The Binge Eating Scale, Hay's questionnaire, Food Cravings Questionnaire - Trait and State, Cognitive restraint subscale and its adapted version for the cognitive restraint toward carbohydrates, were used as measures. Parametric tests were used for comparison between groups (Student's t test), and Pearson's correlation test to verify correlations between variables of interest. Results No differences were found between groups with and without diet concerning the level of binge eating or food craving total score. The differences found were the higher levels of cognitive restraint (p=0.01), cognitive restraint for carbohydrates (p=0.01) and subscales of 'guilt about food craving' (p=0.04) in the Low-Carb Diet Group. Conclusion Individuals with binge eating and a history of low-carb diet have greater cognitive restraint toward carbohydrates and association with altered eating attitudes (guilt about food craving).

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar se a dieta com restrição de carboidratos acarreta níveis elevados de desejos intenso por comida em indivíduos com compulsão alimentar. Métodos Participaram 146 indivíduos com compulsão alimentar divididos nos Grupos Dieta Low Carb (n=48) e Grupo Controle (n=98). Foram utilizados como medidas: Escala de Compulsão Alimentar Periódica, Questionário de Hay, Questionário de Desejos Intensos por Comida - Traço e Estado, Subescala de restrição cognitiva e sua versão adaptada para a restrição cognitiva direcionada aos carboidratos. Foram utilizados testes paramétricos para comparação entre grupos (teste t de Student) e o teste de correlação de Pearson para verificar correlações entre variáveis de interesse. Resultados Não foram encontradas diferenças entre grupos com e sem prática de dieta em relação ao nível de compulsão alimentar ou ao escore total para desejos intensos por comida. As diferenças encontradas foram os maiores níveis de restrição cognitiva (p=0,01), restrição cognitiva para carboidratos (p=0,01) e subescalas de 'culpa por causa dos desejos' (p=0,04) no Grupo Dieta Low Carb. Conclusão Indivíduos com compulsão alimentar e histórico de dieta com restrição de carboidratos (low carb) possuem maior restrição cognitiva direcionada aos carboidratos e associação com atitudes alimentares alteradas (culpa pelos desejos).

An Italian contribution to the study of the validity and reliability of the trait meta-mood scale.

BACKGROUND: Emotional intelligence (EI) is a field of study that is receiving increasingly attention in the literature, due to its relevance to a series of aspects of human psychological and social functioning. AIMS: This study used archival data from an Italian sample encompassing 885 nonclinical adults, to contribute to the study of the validity and reliability of the Trait Meta Mood-Scale (TMMS), a widely used measure of self-perceived EI. METHOD: Statistical analyses focused on internal consistency, factor structure and concurrent validity of an Italian TMMS version. RESULTS: Results confirmed previous international studies supporting the cross-cultural adaptability of the TMMS, showing adequate reliability and validity indexes for all TMMS scores. CONCLUSIONS: EI may be measured via self-report. Its relationship to psychopathology, however, deserves more research, as certain components of EI correlate positively with psychological suffering.

A Brazilian Investigation of the 36- and 16-Item Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scales.

OBJECTIVE: About 10 years ago, Gratz and Roemer (2004) introduced the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), a 36-item self-report instrument measuring 6 areas of emotion regulation problems. Recently, Bjureberg et al. (2015) have introduced a new, briefer version of the DERS comprising only 16 of the 36 items included in the original version. Because no studies have yet cross-validated the recently introduced 16-item DERS and the 36-item DERS has never been tested in Brazil, we sought to inspect the psychometric properties of scores from both DERS versions with a nonclinical Brazilian sample. METHOD: Participants were 725 adult volunteers aged 18-70 years (mean = 30.54, standard deviation = 10.59), 82.3% of whom were women. All were administered the DERS along with a number of other self-report and performance-based instruments. Data analyses inspected internal consistency, factor structure, and convergent as well as divergent validity of scores from both DERS versions. RESULTS: Results show that scores from both DERS versions possess good psychometric properties. Interestingly, both versions correlated, in the expected direction, with psychopathology and showed no significant correlations with cognitive measures. Like in other studies, however, the Awareness factor of the 36-item DERS did not produce optimal validity and reliability indexes. CONCLUSION: Taken together, our findings indicate that the 16-item DERS may be preferred over the 36-item version and provide additional support to the differentiation between emotion regulation and cognitive tasks of emotional perception and abstract and verbal reasoning.

Proposta de redução da idade penal:visão dos profissionais da psicologia / Proposal for the reduction of criminal age: the vision of professional psychology

O presente artigo objetiva conhecer a opinião dos profissionais com vivência na área da Psicologia Jurídica e no atendimento de adolescentes em conflito com a lei da cidade de Manaus a respeito da proposta de redução da idade penal, que se encontra em tramitação no Senado Federal. O tema foi escolhido com vistas à relevância política e social, bem como devido a sua importância acadêmica. No curso metodológico percorrido, utilizou-se um roteiro semi-estruturado que abordou a opinião dos profissionais a respeito da mencionada proposta,bem como sobre as possíveis contribuições da Psicologia para o tema. Assim, são apresentados argumentos favoráveis e contrários à redução da idade penal, buscando-se um debate entre as áreas do Direito e da Psicologia a fim de gerar esclarecimento e espaço para reflexão sobre o efetivo resultado pela lei, tendo em vista ainda a importância da promoção de políticas públicas que ultrapassem a questão da aplicação de medidas sócio-educativas aos adolescente sem conflito com a lei, e que contemplem também o acesso a condições de vida favoráveis ao desenvolvimento psicossocial saudável, provocando cidadania e prevenção do crime.(AU)

The purpose of this article is to know the opinion of professionals with experience in the area of Legal Psychology and in the care of juvenile offenders of the city of Manaus (Brazil) about the proposal of the reduction of legal age which is in current proceduring on the Federal Senate. The theme was chosen due its political and social relevance, as well as its academic significance to Legal Psychology. The methodology was based on the use of a semi-structured questionnaire that addressed the professionals about their views on the cited proposal, as well as the contributions of Psychology for the theme. Therefore, favorable and unfavorable arguments to the reduction of age of criminal responsibility were presented, to promote a debate between the areas of Law and Psychology in order to clarify and to allow reflection on the effective results of the law, in view of the importance of promoting public politics that aim not only the implementation of socio-educational measures for adolescents in conflict with the law, but also the access to proper living conditions to their healthy psychosocial development, promoting citizenship and crime prevention.(AU)

Proposta de redução da idade penal:visão dos profissionais da psicologia / Proposal for the reduction of criminal age: the vision of professional psychology

O presente artigo objetiva conhecer a opinião dos profissionais com vivência na área da Psicologia Jurídica e no atendimento de adolescentes em conflito com a lei da cidade de Manaus a respeito da proposta de redução da idade penal, que se encontra em tramitação no Senado Federal. O tema foi escolhido com vistas à relevância política e social, bem como devido a sua importância acadêmica. No curso metodológico percorrido, utilizou-se um roteiro semi-estruturado que abordou a opinião dos profissionais a respeito da mencionada proposta,bem como sobre as possíveis contribuições da Psicologia para o tema. Assim, são apresentados argumentos favoráveis e contrários à redução da idade penal, buscando-se um debate entre as áreas do Direito e da Psicologia a fim de gerar esclarecimento e espaço para reflexão sobre o efetivo resultado pela lei, tendo em vista ainda a importância da promoção de políticas públicas que ultrapassem a questão da aplicação de medidas sócio-educativas aos adolescente sem conflito com a lei, e que contemplem também o acesso a condições de vida favoráveis ao desenvolvimento psicossocial saudável, provocando cidadania e prevenção do crime.

The purpose of this article is to know the opinion of professionals with experience in the area of Legal Psychology and in the care of juvenile offenders of the city of Manaus (Brazil) about the proposal of the reduction of legal age which is in current proceduring on the Federal Senate. The theme was chosen due its political and social relevance, as well as its academic significance to Legal Psychology. The methodology was based on the use of a semi-structured questionnaire that addressed the professionals about their views on the cited proposal, as well as the contributions of Psychology for the theme. Therefore, favorable and unfavorable arguments to the reduction of age of criminal responsibility were presented, to promote a debate between the areas of Law and Psychology in order to clarify and to allow reflection on the effective results of the law, in view of the importance of promoting public politics that aim not only the implementation of socio-educational measures for adolescents in conflict with the law, but also the access to proper living conditions to their healthy psychosocial development, promoting citizenship and crime prevention.

Desafios e progressos da reforma psiquiátrica no Amazonas: as perspectivas baseadas no primeiro Centro de Atenção Psicossocial (Caps) de Manaus / Progress and challenges on the psychiatric reform in the Amazon: the perspectives based on the first CAPS of Manaus / Desafíos y avances en la reforma psiquiátrica en Amazon: perspectivas basadas en el primer CAPS de Manaus

O presente artigo apresenta um panorama da situação do primeiro Centro de Atenção Psicossocial (Caps) instituído na cidade de Manaus (AM) e a implantação dos princípios da reforma psiquiátrica na cidade. A intenção da pesquisa foi trazer à tona as condições que constituem empecilho para o adequado funcionamento do centro e para o êxito da reforma psiquiátrica, usando como objeto de investigação a visão dos próprios profissionais inseridos nesse serviço de saúde. Os resultados foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com os profissionais, detectando lacunas referentes à implantação da rede de assistência em saúde mental na cidade, impedindo que o Caps proporcione o serviço especializado para o qual foi criado, sendo uma delas a falta de integração da rede de saúde municipal. Evidencia-se, portanto, a importância da promoção de políticas públicas para que haja uma maior integração da rede de saúde em Manaus.

This article presents an overview of the first Center of Psychosocial Attention (Caps) established in the city of Manaus (AM) and the deployment of the principles of Psychiatrist Reform in the city. The purpose of the research was to bring out the conditions that are obstacles to the proper functioning of the center and for the success of the psychiatrist reform, using as an object of investigation the view of the professionals working in this health service. Results were obtained through semi-structured interviews with professionals, and detecting the lacks concerning the operation of the mental health support network in the city, preventing the Caps to provide the specialized service for which it was created, one of which the lack of integration of the municipal health network. That way, is shown the significance of promoting public that further integration of the health network in Manaus.

El presente artículo presenta un panorama de la situación del primer Centro de Atención Psicosocial (Caps) instituido en la ciudad de Manaus (AM) y la implantación de los principios de la reforma psiquiátrica en la ciudad. La intención de la pesquisa fue traer a más visibilidad las condiciones que constituyen problemas para el adecuado funcionamiento del centro e para el éxito de la reforma psiquiátrica, utilizando como objeto de investigación la visión de los propios profesionales inseridos en ese servicio de salud. Los resultados fueron obtenidos por parte de entrevistas semi-estructuradas con los profesionales y la detección de las deficiencias que se refieren a la implantación de la red de asistencia en salud mental en la ciudad, impidiendo que el Caps proporcione el servicio especializado para lo cual fue creado, siendo una de ellas la falta de integración de la red de salud municipal. Es evidente, por tanto, la importancia de la promoción de políticas públicas para que haya una mayor integración de la red de salud en Manaus.