Evaluation of starter dietary digestible lysine level on broilers raised under a sex-separated or straight-run housing regime, part 2: Economics of sex separation and digestible lysine level for maximum returns.

The objective of this experiment was to determine the maximum net returns digestible lysine (dLys) levels (MNRL) when maintaining the ideal amino acid ratio for starter diets of broilers raised sex separate or comingled (straight-run). A total of 3,240 Ross 708 chicks was separated by sex and placed in 90 pens by 2 rearing types: sex separate (36 males or 36 females) or straight-run (18 males + 18 females). Each rearing type was fed 6 starter diets (25 d) formulated to have dLys levels between 1.05 and 1.80%. A common grower diet with 1.02% of dLys was fed from 25 to 32 days. Body weight gain (BWG) and feed intake were assessed at 25 and 32 d for performance evaluation. Additionally, at 26 and 33 d, 4 birds per pen were sampled for carcass yield evaluation. Data were modeled using response surface methodology in order to estimate feed intake and whole carcass weight at 1,600 g live BW. Returns over feed cost were estimated for a 1.8-million-broiler complex of each rearing system under 9 feed/meat price scenarios. Results indicated that females needed more feed to reach market weight, followed by straight-run birds, and then males. At medium meat and feed prices, female birds had MNRL at 1.07% dLys, whereas straight-run and males had MNRL at 1.05%. As feed and meat prices increased, females had MNRL increased up to 1.15% dLys. Sex separation resulted in increased revenue under certain feed and meat prices, and before sex separation cost was deducted. When the sexing cost was subtracted from the returns, sex separation was not shown to be economically viable when targeting birds for light market BW.

Straight-run vs. sex separate rearing for two broiler genetic lines Part 2: Economic analysis and processing advantages.

The objective of this analysis was to evaluate the effects of raising broilers under sex separate and straight-run conditions for 2 broiler genetic lines. One-day-old Ross 308 and Ross 708 chicks (n = 1,344) were sex separated and placed in 48 pens according to rearing type: sex separate (28 males or 28 females) or straight-run (14 males + 14 females). There were 3 dietary phases: starter (zero to 17 d), grower (17 to 32 d), and finisher (32 to 48 d). Bird individual BW and group feed intakes were measured at 12, 17, 25, 32, 42, and 48 d to evaluate performance. At 33, 43, and 49 d 4 birds per pen (straight-run pens 2 males + 2 females) were sampled for carcass yield evaluation. Data were analyzed using linear and non-linear regression in order to estimate feed intake and cut-up weights at 3 separate market weights (1,700, 2,700, and 3,700 g). Returns over feed cost were estimated for a 1.8 million broiler complex for each rearing system and under 9 feed/meat price scenarios. Overall, rearing birds that were sex separated resulted in extra income that ranged from ${\$}$48,824 to ${\$}$330,300 per week, depending on the market targeted and feed and meat price scenarios. Sex separation was shown to be especially important in disadvantageous scenarios in which feed prices were high. Gains from sex separation were markedly higher for the Ross 708 than for the Ross 308 broilers. Bird variability also was evaluated at the 3 separate market ages under narrow ranges of BW that were targeted. Straight-run birds decreased the number of birds present in the desired range. Depending on market weight, straight-run rearing resulted in 9.1 to 16.6% fewer birds than sex separate rearing to meet marketing goals. It was concluded that sex separation can result in increased company profitability and have possible beneficial effects at the processing plant due to increased bird uniformity.

The utility of traditional prehospital interventions in maintaining thermostasis.

OBJECTIVE: Hypothermia can have a negative effect on the metabolic and hemostatic functions of patients with traumatic injuries. Multiple methods of rewarming are currently used in the prehospital arena, but little objective evidence for their effectiveness in this setting exists. The purpose of this study was to assess the relative effectiveness of traditional prehospital measures in maintaining thermostasis in trauma patients. METHODS: Participating helicopter and ground ambulance ALS units were prospectively randomized to provide either routine care only (passive or no warming) or routine care (passive warming) in conjunction with active warming (either reflective blankets, hot pack rewarming, or warmed IV fluids). A total of 174 trauma code patients, aged >14 years, who met inclusion criteria were prospectively enrolled by prehospital providers. Patients who received a non-assigned intervention or who had incomplete temperature data were dropped from the analysis. A total of 134 patients were included in the final analysis. RESULTS: Patients who received hot pack rewarming showed a mean increase in body temperature during transport (+1.36 degrees F/0.74 degrees C), while all other groups (no intervention, passive rewarming, reflective blankets, warmed IV fluids, warmed IV fluid plus reflective blanket) showed a mean decrease in temperature during transport [-0.34 to -0.61 degrees F (-0.2 to -0.4 degrees C); p<0.01]. In addition, the hot pack group was consistent, with every patient who received hot pack warming showing an increase in body temperature during transport, while in all other groups there were patients who had both increases and decreases in temperature. The intervention groups did not differ significantly on exposure to precipitation, transport unit temperature, total prehospital time, initial vital signs, amount of fluid administered, Injury Severity Score, or Glasgow Coma Score. CONCLUSIONS: Most traditional methods of maintaining trauma patient temperature during prehospital transport appear to be inadequate. Aggressive use of hot packs, a simple, inexpensive intervention to maintain thermostasis, deserves further study as a potential basic intervention for trauma patients.

Mode of action of the antitumor compound girodazole (RP 49532A, NSC 627434).

Girodazole (RP 49532A) or 3-amino-1-[4-(2 amino-1H-imidazolyl]-propanol, 2HCl is an experimental antitumor compound which inhibits protein synthesis in cell cultures and in cell free systems. The compound has been evaluated for its capacity to inhibit specific assays of initiation, elongation and termination of protein synthesis. Girodazole inhibited the release of nascent peptides from polyribosomes in rabbit reticulocyte lysates indicating that the major effect of the compound is on the protein synthesis termination step.

Selective inhibition of tyrosine protein kinase by a synthetic multisubstrate analog.

Synthetic compounds were designed in an attempt to mimic the possible transition state of tyrosine protein kinases. One representative compound (RP 53801) inhibited the enzyme purified from RSV-transformed cells. A serine/threonine kinase (kinase C) was 45 fold less sensitive. The inhibition was competitive with respect to ATP and noncompetitive with respect to the phosphate acceptor poly glu4-tyr1. The degree of inhibition (IC50 = 22 microM) was however lower than that expected from a transition state analog. The compound was capable of reducing tyrosine protein kinase activity in intact cells with some selectivity at 100 microM.

[Use of permeabilized cells in the study of inhibitory products of herpes virus replication]. / Utilisation de cellules perméabilisées dans l'étude de produits inhibiteurs de la replication du virus de l'herpès.

Cells made permeable by exposure to lysolecithin following infection by HSV-1 synthesize DNA (in greater amounts than non-infected cells) in the presence of the four deoxyribonucleoside-triphosphates (dNTPs) : dATP, dCTP, dGTP, and dTTP. DNA synthesis also occurs if dTTP is replaced by dT or dTMP, indicating activity of enzymes such as thymidine kinase, thymidylate kinase, deoxyribonucleoside-diphosphate kinase and ADN polymerase. Examination of DNA synthesis in permeabilized cells enables detection of antiviral activity of agents incapable of penetrating into intact cells and therefore ineffective in cell cultures. No detectable protein-tyrosine kinase activity was found in HSV-1 infected cells.