RESUMO
En el mundo, se ha incrementado la prevalencia de diabetes mellitus e hipertensión en el mundo, en las cuales la mala alimentación y la inactividad física representan importantes factores de riesgo. Objetivo: Identificar cambios promovidos por el programa de intervención nutricional y ejercicio, con base en la Estrategia Mundial de la OMS sobre glucosa y presión arterial (PA) en los individuos participantes. Métodos: Estudio cuasiexperimental, de 12 meses de duración, en el que participaron voluntariamente 69 mujeres adultas, que se sometieron a una intervención nutricional y de ejercicio supervisado tres veces a la semana. Las participantes fueron evaluadas al inicio, y a los 6 y 12 meses del seguimiento. Resultados: Los modelos de ecuaciones de estimación generalizadas mostraron que mujeres con menores niveles de actividad física y consumo elevado de alimentos de riesgo aumentaron 11.66 mg/dl (p < 0.01) sus valores medios de glucosa, en comparación con aquellas con niveles más altos de actividad física y bajo consumo de alimentos de riesgo. Asimismo, mujeres con menores niveles de actividad física y bajo consumo de alimentos de riesgo aumentaron 5.25 mm Hg la PA diastólica media (p < 0.05), en comparación con aquellas con niveles más altos de actividad física y bajo consumo de alimentos de riesgo. Conclusión: Se registraron reducciones significativas en los valores de glucosa y de PA en las mujeres después de la intervención...
Assuntos
Humanos , Dieta , Educação Física e Treinamento , Hiperglicemia , Hipertensão , Comportamento Alimentar , Exercício Físico , Doença Crônica , Estilo de Vida , Organização Mundial da SaúdeRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the determinants of mild-to-moderate malnutrition in preschoolers. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study conducted in October and November 1996, with a representative sample of 1740 children less than 5 years old from the city of Salvador, situated in the Brazilian Northeastern region. Socio-economic and dietary data were collected through a structured questionnaire. Anthropometric measures were performed in duplicate and data analysis was based upon the hierarchical model approach. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the prevalence ratio and to identify the determinants of mild-to-moderate deficits in weight-for-age and height-for-age Z-scores. RESULTS: Family monthly income under US$67.00 per capita and family headed by a woman were the main basic determinants of mild-to-moderate weight-for-age and height-for-age deficits in the studied children. Household agglomeration, an underlying determinant, was associated with weight-for-age and height-for-age deficits. Among the immediate determinants, age above 6 months and dietary caloric availability in the lowest tertile (<930 kcal day-1) were also associated with weight-for-age deficits. In addition to these, hospitalisation in the 12 months preceding the interview was shown to be a predictor of mild-to-moderate weight-for-age and height-for-age deficits. CONCLUSION: Adverse social and economic factors interact with family environmental factors to define food consumption and morbidity patterns that culminate in a high prevalence of mild-to-moderate malnutrition. The strengthening and restructuring of nutrition and healthcare actions, the definition of public policies that improve family income, and the adequate insertion of women in the labour market are possible strategies to reduce mild-to-moderate malnutrition and to sustain the decline already observed in severe malnutrition.
