Microlearning through TikTok in Higher Education. An evaluation of uses and potentials.

While social media is evolving rapidly, understanding its underlying and persistent features with the potential to support high-quality learning would provide opportunities to enhance competence acquisition and collaborative work in higher education. Moreover, the adoption of tools that students already use in their everyday lives facilitates the integration of new forms of learning. In this context, we have developed an initiative to disseminate content through TikTok in three modules of the Bachelor's Degree in Nursing course, with the aim of promoting quality learning through these microlearning environments. To this end, we have implemented these learning environments and evaluated the users' perceptions, as well as their level of acceptance of the technology according to the Technology Acceptance Model. Overall, our results show high levels of satisfaction with regard to engagement and the content generated, as well as in terms of the acceptance of the technology. Our results do not show gender-specific variations, but we did detect slight variations depending on the subject in which the microlearning tool was deployed. Although for the most part these variations do not change the participants' assessment of their experience, it will be necessary in the future to determine the underlying reasons for these variations. In addition, our results suggest that it is possible to design a content creation system to promote quality learning through microlearning that can be transferred to other subjects, at least in the Bachelor's Degree in Nursing. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10639-023-11904-4.

Sexo, género y humanización de las tecnologías de cuidados para personas mayores / O sexo, o género e a humanização das tecnologias de cuidados aos idosos / Sex and gender and humanization of care technologies for the elderly

El envejecimiento de la población constituye en los países desarrollados uno de losprincipales desafíos para la salud pública. La innovación tecnológica emerge como una de las 187Cultura de los Cuidados. 3º Cuatrimestre 2021. Año XXV. nº 61respuestas recurrentes y esperanzadoras para abordar este fenómeno de forma sostenible. Serealiza una scoping review sobre el sexo y el género en tecnologías dedicadas a los cuidados quetienen características asimilables a la de los humanos, como la voz, los atributos físicos, lascompetencias sociales y culturales, etc. El resultado aporta veintinueve materiales, once abordanel envejecimiento y/o las relaciones de género en los asistentes de voz, mientras que 18 lo hacensobre tecnología robótica. La revisión crítica de la literatura científica nos permite determinar losprincipales rasgos que caracterizan a los dispositivos vinculándolos con un sexo determinado, yse analizan los dilemas que plantea la perpetuación de los estereotipos de género en relación conestas tecnologías. Por último, se destaca la necesidad de profundizar en las interacciones entrehumanos y tecnologías de los cuidados desde disciplinas como los Science, Tecnology and SocietyStudies o los estudios culturales, para abordar el diseño de tecnologías de asistencia dirigidas apersonas mayores, desde una perspectiva de género.(AU)

Population aging is one of the main challenges to public health in developed countries.Technological innovation is emerging as one of the recurrent and hopeful responses to addressthis phenomenon sustainably. A scoping review is conducted on sex and gender in caretechnologies that have characteristics assimilable to humans, such as voice, physical attributes,social and cultural competencies, etc. The result provides twenty-nine materials. Eleven addressaging and/or gender relations in voice assistants, while 18 address robotic technology. The criticalreview of the scientific literature allows us to determine the main features that characterize thedevices by linking them to a specific sex, and the dilemmas posed by the perpetuation of genderstereotypes concerning these technologies are analyzed. Finally, it highlights the need to deepenthe interactions between humans and care technologies from disciplines such as Science,Technology, and Society Studies or cultural studies, to address the design of assistive technologiesaimed at older people from a gender perspective.(AU)

O envelhecimento da população é um dos maiores desafios para a saúde pública nospaíses desenvolvidos. A inovação tecnológica está a emergir como uma das respostas recorrentese esperançosas para abordar este fenómeno de uma forma sustentável. É realizada uma revisão deâmbito sobre o género e o sexo nas tecnologias de cuidados que têm características semelhantesàs humanas, tais como voz, atributos físicos, competências sociais e culturais, etc. O resultadofornece vinte e nove materiais, onze dos quais abordam o envelhecimento e/ou as relações degénero nos assistentes de voz, enquanto 18 abordam a tecnologia robótica. A revisão crítica daliteratura científica permite-nos determinar as principais características que caracterizam osdispositivos, ligando-os a um sexo específico, e são analisados os dilemas colocados pelaperpetuação de estereótipos de género em relação a estas tecnologias. Finalmente, destaca anecessidade de aprofundar as interacções entre o ser humano e as tecnologias de cuidados desaúde de disciplinas como Ciência, Tecnologia e Estudos da Sociedade ou estudos culturais, paraabordar a concepção de tecnologias de assistência destinadas a pessoas idosas, a partir de umaperspectiva de género.(AU)

Eating experiences and quality of life in patients with larynx cancer in Spain. A qualitative study.

PURPOSE: This paper aims at describing the eating experience of people diagnosed with and treated for laryngeal cancer. Going beyond the mere conceptualization of "after-effect" or the quantification of the disease's impact on the basis of standardized questionnaires, we present a qualitative analysis of the narratives of such experiences. METHODS: Ethnographic study. Data is obtained from conversations, semi-structured interviews, participant observation, and written documents. A discourse analysis of the narrative information was conducted, with process coding and using the constant comparative method, inductive content analysis, category analysis, units of meaning associated with each other, and triangulation. RESULTS: The impact of cancer on eating processes is not limited to nutrition, but also affects the social and cultural value of food, which is put into question. The symbolic and social values which accompany the traditional way of eating are modified, which is connected with impaired quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: The impact on the eating process and its relationship with quality-of-life impairment are clear and connect with the importance of eating ways in culture and social organization. Greater attention should be paid to these contexts in clinical practice, which can affect even more than the impact on communicative processes.

Rationale and Methods of Evaluation for ACHO, A New Virtual Assistant to Improve Therapeutic Adherence in Rural Elderly Populations: A User-Driven Living Lab.

Low therapeutic adherence is a concern for health professionals as it decreases therapeutic efficiency while increasing costs, especially in elderly populations. To increase therapeutic adherence in elderly populations, the technology applied in the medical devices that are used must be adapted to improve usability. This paper outlines the rationale behind, and methods applied to assess the usability of, ACHO (Assistant on Care and Health Offline), a voice assistant that provides elderly patients with reminders of medical appointments to attend and when they need to take their medication. This work is a descriptive, cross-sectional, observational study, and will include a three-phase (analysis, testing and refinement) multidimensional usability analysis of an initial prototype, in the setting of a user-driven Living Lab, which enables the needs and characteristics of the end users to be identified and incorporated into the prototype with each iteration, in which a multidisciplinary team of researchers and users will participate as co-creators. This methodology will allow us to develop a better prototype, increasing usability and, thus, increasing therapeutic adherence.

Memories of hunger, continuities, and food choices: An ethnography of the elderly in extremadura (Spain).

Food choices are a complex subject of study. This study reviews existing literature on the topic, while also offering new perspectives. It introduces empirical materials that suggest the existence of continuities between childhood memories of food insecurity and current nutritional choices and practices among older adults. This is a qualitative study, based on grounded theory, which explores memories of hunger in the aftermath of the Spanish Civil War through ethnographic fieldwork conducted in 12 rural localities in Extremadura (Spain) - analysing current food practices and ideologies among surviving post-war children and tracing continuities between the past and the present. It provides results in the field of food continuities and shows how experiences and memories of hunger have an impact on food choices many decades later Data analysis and interpretation revealed three main categories: food memories of the so-called "years of hunger"; present-day food practices; and continuities between past and present. The inductive-deductive analysis revealed enduring memories that shaped present-day attitudes towards food - i.e. maximisation of ingredients and "zero-waste" practices; conspicuous consumption at particular times of the year; the central role of bread; and even certain food taboos. More than seventy years later, memories of deprivation and hunger are still pervasive and permeate present-day dietary practices and choices.

The Denied Pleasure of Eating: A Qualitative Study with Functionally Diverse People in Spain.

This qualitative study explores the difficulties in experiencing eating-derived pleasure within a group of functionally diverse people, based on personal interviews and Grounded Theory. Understanding the feelings and subjective experiences of functionally diverse people can help develop new approaches to address their loss of pleasure and motivation regarding food intake. The study included 27 participants, aged between 18 and 75 years, all of whom had a functional deficiency that affected the occupational aspects of the eating process. Interviews were conducted in clinical settings and several centres for differently abled people. Four main themes emerged from the analysis: eating through obligation; fear of eating; the social life of food; and the importance of the taste and visual aesthetics of food. These themes underscore the importance of taking into account the phenomenological experiences of pleasure in the eating process.

Treatment Adherence in Chronic Conditions during Ageing: Uses, Functionalities, and Cultural Adaptation of the Assistant on Care and Health Offline (ACHO) in Rural Areas.

The increasingly common scenario of an ageing population is related to a rise in the prevalence of problems associated with chronic conditions and comorbidities. Polypharmacy is frequent among this population, and it is a situation that can create medication management and adherence issues. This article introduces the features and functionalities of a voice assistant (Assistant on Health and Care Offline, ACHO) that aims to facilitate treatment adherence among elderly adults. Specifically adapted for its use in rural contexts, it does not require an Internet connection. Its development consisted of two stages: a first stage of problem diagnosis, in which the classic tools of ethnographic fieldwork were used, and a second stage of design implementing methodologies developed by Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) programmes. The main design characteristic of this new digital care system is that it is adapted to the needs of its end-users. It includes features such as voice customisation and the personal identification of medication, it can be connected to other digital devices, and information is introduced and supervised by healthcare professionals. These custom features introduce a safer medication administration procedure, improve supervision strategies, and increase patients' trust in the prescription process.

Family Orchards and Health-Related Quality of Life in the Elderly. A Protocol for a Study in Las Hurdes (Spain) Based on an Ethnographic Approach.

Demographic evolution is resulting on an aged population increment in Spain. This growth has been more relevant in rural areas, where the population has traditionally lived under hard socio-economic conditions and leveraging the natural resources such as food from family orchards to survive. Studies that have investigated the possibilities and uses of these traditional family orchards today in relation to health-related quality of life in the elderly are scarce. Based on a previous ethnography, this mixed research aims to describe a protocol that will evaluate the effects of the use of traditional family orchards as a daily resource on fitness and quality of life of the elderly population in Las Hurdes (Spain). Body composition, fitness, mental health, health-related quality of life, and activity-related behaviors of participants will be assessed. The outcomes of this study might enable us to design further tailored physical exercise-based interventions using family orchards as an adequate resource to improve the health-related quality of life and fitness of the elderly in rural areas. In addition, the study detailed here might also be applied to other similar rural areas in Spain and worldwide.

Health and Nutritional Beliefs and Practices among Rural Elderly Population: An Ethnographic Study in Western Spain.

BACKGROUND: Demographic transition is causing an increasingly aged society, which has a significant impact on public health strategies. Increases in the size of the elderly cohort create a wider stratification and pose specific challenges. Nutrition and diet are one key issue. This study aims to describe food-related practices, beliefs, and representations of non-institutionalized older adults in rural communities in Extremadura (Western Spain). METHOD: The ethnographic-based fieldwork was conducted from January to July 2019. Empirical material was collected through different research relationships (semi-structured interviews and informal conversations) and direct observation in various locations in Extremadura-involving a variety of agents associated with different aspects of the nutritional process. RESULTS: Data analysis revealed four major themes: (1) Limitations on choice and quality of food available; (2) food preferences and cooking methods; (3) the role of nostalgia in the construction of taste preferences; and (4) perceptions of what "healthy" food is and how respondents relate to the advice provided by health professionals. CONCLUSIONS: Nutritional choices among the group studied presented significant differences from medical advice-which was seen as a series of "bans" that did not carry enough authority to alter the symbolic value attached to their traditions.

Los enfoques culturales en la alimentación de personas mayores rurales. Una necesidad multidimensional para la agenda del cuidado / Cultural approaches of feeding in elderly rural people. First-rate issues and evidences

OBJETIVO: Revisar la bibliografía existente en Ciencias de la salud sobre percepciones, representaciones y prácticas en torno al universo de la alimentación entre población anciana rural. METODOLOGÍA: Hemos revisado las publicaciones disponibles en 6 bases de datos tanto generalistas como especializadas. RESULTADOS: Se seleccionaron un total de 14 artículos que se ajustaban a los criterios de inclusión. En ellos se repetían categorías tales como la génesis de la elección, la importancia del género, las barreras a la alimentación saludable o el universo simbólico de la comida. CONCLUSIÓN: Pese al evidente carácter sociocultural que constituyen los procesos alimentarios, la literatura biomédica que aborda estas cuestiones es escasa. Los artículos incluidos en este trabajo, realizados desde enfoques cualitativos, muestran, por ejemplo, la importancia de la emotividad en la elección o de las limitaciones asociadas a cuestiones materiales y estructurales

OBJECTIVE: To review the existing bibliography in Health Sciences on perceptions, representations and practices around the universe of food among rural elderly population. METHODOLOGY: We have reviewed the publications available in 6 generalist and specialized databases. RESULTS: A total of 14 articles were selected that met the inclusion criteria. They repeated categories such as the genesis of choice, the importance of gender, barriers to healthy eating or the symbolic universe of food. CONCLUSION: Despite the obvious socio-cultural character of food processes, the reis little biomedical literature addres sing these issues. The articles included in this work, carried out from qualitative approaches, show, for example, the importance of emotion in the choice or the limitations associated with material and structural issues

Poder y exclusiones formativas en Ciencias de la Salud. Propuestas de mejora en la atención al paciente desde la complementariedad / Poder e formação exclusões em Ciências da Saúde. Sugestões de melhoria na assistência ao paciente de complementaridade / Power and exclusions in Health Sciences training. Suggestions for improvement in patient care from complementarity

Introducción: La importancia de los procesos de salud-enfermedad-atención es un hecho universal ejecutado a través de diferentes modelos. Occidente propone el modelo Biomédico, cuyos logros se ven limitados por la exclusión que realiza a las variables socioculturales del enfermar. Objetivo: Una reflexión sobre las posibilidades de mejora que permitan una asistencia cercana al holismo, determinante no sólo de una mayor profesionalidad sino también de la conformación de una auténtica identidad enfermera, constituye el objetivo esencial. Metodología: Para intentar dar una respuesta sólida nos aventuraremos a la lectura de dos autores clásicos de la talla de Foucault y Gramsci, largamente referenciados en el ámbito de la Antropología médica, permitiéndonos sugerir una línea en la búsqueda de motivos y soluciones sobre la problemática que nos envuelve. Desarrollo: Una vía razonable se vislumbra en el aporte que las formas de atención complementarias posibilitan. En este sentido, la Enfermería actual debe buscar una vuelta a su ethos del cuidado, alejándose así de los preceptos deterministas que la han condenado a la subalternidad. Conclusiones: Un cambio en los patrones formativos se constituye como eje básico que determine una mejora real en los procesos de atención y permitan el derecho básico de una atención de calidad (AU)

Introduction: The importance of the health-disease-care is a universal fact executed through different models. West proposes the Biomedical model, whose achievements are limited by the exclusion that makes the sociocultural variables of the sick. Objective: A reflection on the possibilities for improvement to enable a close to holism decisive assistance, not only for greater professionalism but also the formation of a real nurse identity, is the main objective. Methodology: To try to give, long referenced in the field of medical anthropology we venture robust response to the reading of two classics from the likes of Foucault and Gramsci, allowing us to suggest a line in the search for reasons and solutions on the problems surrounds us. Development: A reasonable way is looming on the contribution that complementary forms of care possible. In this sense, the current nursing should seek a return to its ethos of care, thus moving away from deterministic rules that have condemned the subaltern. Conclusions: A change in training patterns are established as key feature to determine real improvement in processes of care and allow the basic right to quality care (AU)

Introdução: A importância da saúde-doença-cuidado da saúde é um fato universal executado através de diferentes modelos. Ocidente propõe o modelo biomédico, cujas conquistas são limitados pela exclusão que faz com que as variáveis sócio-culturais do doente. Objetivo: Uma reflexão sobre as possibilidades de melhoria para permitir um fim à assistência decisiva holismo, não só para um maior profissionalismo, mas também a formação de uma identidade enfermeira real, é o objetivo principal. Metodologia: Para tentar dar uma, muito referenciado no campo da antropologia médica nos aventuramos resposta robusta para a leitura de dois clássicos de nomes como Foucault e Gramsci, o que nos permite sugerir uma linha na busca de razões e soluções sobre os problemas nos rodeia. Desenvolvimento: Uma maneira razoável é iminente sobre a contribuição que as formas complementares de cuidado possível. Neste sentido, a enfermagem atual deve buscar um retorno ao seu ethos do cuidado, afastando-se assim das regras deterministas que condenaram o subalterno. Conclusões: A mudança nos padrões de formação são estabelecidos como característica fundamental para determinar real melhoria nos processos de atendimento e permitir que o direito básico de cuidados de qualidade (AU)

Cuidados basados en narrativas. Redefiniendo la jerarquía de la evidencia / Narrative-based care. Redefining the hierarchy of evidence

Desde finales de los noventa proliferan trabajos que, aglutinados como Narrative Based Medicine (NBM), persiguen redefinir la práctica clínica orientándola hacia el paciente y su narrativa. Emergidos como un discurso eminentemente crítico y contestatario sobre la ortodoxia de la Evidence Based Medicine (EBM), actualmente persiguen perspectivas integracionistas que pretenden incluir sendos movimientos en un modelo de atención que reconstruya las nociones y jerarquía de la "evidencia". Ideológicamente, la NBM propone una redefinición de la ethos de la práctica médica resituando la experiencia del paciente como evidencia de primer orden. Sin embargo, el impacto de este movimiento en los cuidados enfermeros ha sido prácticamente nulo. Este artículo, primero de una serie, explora las bases teóricas y principios de la NBM sugiriendo un marco de trabajo que cimiente unos cuidados de Enfermería Basados en Narrativas, incluyendo una revisión de los estudios enmarcados en esta orientación y una reflexión sobre su carácter "vanguardista" (AU)

Since the late 90´, several papers have been rise under the name of "Narrative Based Medicine", a movement that pretend to focus the clinical practice toward the patient and his narrative. Although the origins constituted a criticism of the postulates of Evidence Based Medicine, at the present time, this movement involves a integrationist perspective that reconstructs notions and hierarchies of evidence. Ideologically, NMB proposes a medical practice that places the patient's experience as a first order. However, the impact of this movement in nursing care has been virtually null and void. This paper, first of a series, explores the theoretical bases and principles of the NBM suggesting a framework that underpins a nursing care based on narratives including also a review of its "avant-garde" character (AU)