Textbook outcome in patients with biliary duct injury during cholecystectomy.

BACKGROUND: Iatrogenic bile duct injury (BDI) during cholecystectomy is associated with a complex and heterogeneous management owing to the burden of morbidity until their definitive treatment. This study aimed to define the textbook outcomes (TOs) after BDI with the purpose to indicate the ideal treatment and to improve it management. METHODS: We collected data from patients with an BDI between 1990 and 2022 from 27 hospitals. TO was defined as a successful conservative treatment of the iatrogenic BDI or only minor complications after BDI or patients in whom the first repair resolves the iatrogenic BDI without complications or with minor complications. RESULTS: We included 808 patients and a total of 394 patients (46.9%) achieved TO. Overall complications in TO and non-TO groups were 11.9% and 86%, respectively (P < .001). Major complications and mortality in the non-TO group were 57.4% and 9.2%, respectively. The use of end-to-end bile duct anastomosis repair was higher in the non-TO group (23.1 vs 7.8, P < .001). Factors associated with achieving a TO were injury in a specialized center (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 4.01; 95% CI, 2.68-5.99; P < .001), transfer for a first repair (aOR, 5.72; 95% CI, 3.51-9.34; P < .001), conservative management (aOR, 5.00; 95% CI, 1.63-15.36; P = .005), or surgical management (aOR, 2.45; 95% CI, 1.50-4.00; P < .001). CONCLUSION: TO largely depends on where the BDI is managed and the type of injury. It allows hepatobiliary centers to identify domains of improvement of perioperative management of patients with BDI.

Extreme In Situ Liver Surgery Under Total Vascular Exclusion with Right Hepatic Vein and Inferior Vena Cava Grafts for an Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma.

In this multimedia article, we demonstrate an extreme in situ liver surgery under total vascular exclusion with right hepatic vein and inferior vena cava grafts for an intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in a centre with experience in highly complex hepatobiliary surgery and liver transplantation. This surgical approach after neoadjuvant chemotherapy provides an opportunity for surgical salvage in patients with large tumors invading the hepatocaval confluence. This patient was considered unresectable at another hospital and referred to our unit. We performed an accurate preoperative assessment with new generation 3D modelling to plan the type of vascular reconstruction that would allow adequate hepatic venous outflow and the volume of the future liver remnant sufficient to avoid postoperative liver failure. For hemodynamic management of the patient, we performed a total hepatic vascular exclusion with veno-venous bypass without intraoperative adverse events. We used a cryopreserved carotid artery graft after previously planning the most appropriate diameter and length for right hepatic vein reconstruction. The inferior vena cava was reconstructed with gore-tex graft. During the hospital stay there were no postoperative complications. The patient is free of disease. We conclude that patients with advanced malignant liver disease should always be referred to highly specialized liver surgery centers to assess the most appropriate oncological management and the possibility of surgical resectability.

Vascular injury during cholecystectomy: A multicenter critical analysis behind the drama.

BACKGROUND: The management of a vascular injury during cholecystectomy is still very complicated, especially in centers not specialized in complex hepatobiliary surgery. METHODS: This was a multi-institutional retrospective study in patients with vascular injuries during cholecystectomy from 18 centers in 4 countries. The aim of the study was to analyze the management of vascular injuries focusing on referral, time to perform the repair, and different treatments options outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 104 patients were included. Twenty-nine patients underwent vascular repair (27.9%), 13 (12.5%) liver resection, and 1 liver transplant as a first treatment. Eighty-four (80.4%) vascular and biliary injuries occurred in nonspecialized centers and 45 (53.6%) were immediately transferred. Intraoperative diagnosed injuries were rare in referred patients (18% vs 84%, P = .001). The patients managed at the hospital where the injury occurred had a higher number of reoperations (64% vs 20%, P ˂ .001). The need for vascular reconstruction was associated with higher mortality (P = .04). Two of the 4 patients transplanted died. CONCLUSION: Vascular lesions during cholecystectomy are a potentially life-threatening complication. Management of referral to specialized centers to perform multiple complex multidisciplinary procedures should be mandatory. Late vascular repair has not shown to be associated with worse results.

Machine Learning-Based Analysis in the Management of Iatrogenic Bile Duct Injury During Cholecystectomy: a Nationwide Multicenter Study.

BACKGROUND: Iatrogenic bile duct injury (IBDI) is a challenging surgical complication. IBDI management can be guided by artificial intelligence models. Our study identified the factors associated with successful initial repair of IBDI and predicted the success of definitive repair based on patient risk levels. METHODS: This is a retrospective multi-institution cohort of patients with IBDI after cholecystectomy conducted between 1990 and 2020. We implemented a decision tree analysis to determine the factors that contribute to successful initial repair and developed a risk-scoring model based on the Comprehensive Complication Index. RESULTS: We analyzed 748 patients across 22 hospitals. Our decision tree model was 82.8% accurate in predicting the success of the initial repair. Non-type E (p < 0.01), treatment in specialized centers (p < 0.01), and surgical repair (p < 0.001) were associated with better prognosis. The risk-scoring model was 82.3% (79.0-85.3%, 95% confidence interval [CI]) and 71.7% (63.8-78.7%, 95% CI) accurate in predicting success in the development and validation cohorts, respectively. Surgical repair, successful initial repair, and repair between 2 and 6 weeks were associated with better outcomes. DISCUSSION: Machine learning algorithms for IBDI are a novel tool may help to improve the decision-making process and guide management of these patients.

Associating Liver Partition and Portal Vein Ligation for Staged Hepatectomy Tourniquet as a Resource for Hepatic Transplant in Patient With Hepatic Adenomatosis: A Case Report.

BACKGROUND: Hepatic adenomatosis is defined as the presence of more than 10 adenomatous lesions seated on a healthy liver. The most frequent complication is bleeding, presenting a risk of malignant neoplasms of less than 10%. CLINICAL CASE: We present a case of a 28-year-old woman with polycystic ovary syndrome treated with oral contraceptives for 10 years. Ultrasonography showed benign mass, and biopsy specimen showed adenoma. Nuclear magnetic resonance showed multiple hepatic adenomatosis with a large nodule in the right hepatic lobe of 21 cm and another 10 nodules in segments II, III, IVa, IVb, VIII-VII, and VI. A computed tomography scan with volumetry was performed where a future liver remnant volume (FLRV) of 30% was observed with an FLRV body weight ratio of 0.34%. Surgery was planned in 2 stages. First, the lesions of sections II-III, IVa, and IVb were resected and a ligature of right port vein and a tourniquet in Cantlie line were performed. At 15 days the computed tomography volumetry reported an FLRV of 48% with an FLRV body weight ratio of 0.55%. The second time was completed with a regulated right hepatectomy. The hospital stay was 5 days the first time and 6 days the second time, without complications. At present, the patient follows revisions in consultation without pathologic findings of interest. CONCLUSION: In some extreme cases, surgical resection is limited by the FLRV and the risk of liver failure. Before considering liver transplant, associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy may be an effective alternative in the management of these patients.

[A new surgical strategy for multiple multiple bilobular liver metastases: right portal occlusion and torniquet in the parenchyma section line]. / Una nueva estrategia quirúrgica para metástasis hepáticas bilobares múltiples: oclusión portal derecha y torniquete en la línea de sección parenquimatosa.

Right portal vein occlusion plus «in situ split¼ has recently been reported as a new method to hypertrophy the functional remnant volume (FRV) in 7 days after two-stage liver resection. It is a complex procedure associated with the occlusion of the intrahepatic collaterals between both lobes. We present an original technique for hypertrophying the FRV by occluding the right portal vein and the intrahepatic collaterals: a case is presented of a 35-year-old woman with an intestinal stromal tumour, 14 bilobar metastases and an estimated 24% FRV. Once the lesions were removed from the left lobe, we performed a right portal vein transection and applied a tourniquet on the Cantlie line, using the hanging manoeuvre. A 57% hypertrophy of the FRV was achieved by day 7, and the right hepatectomy was performed on day 8. Our technique is effective and simple to perform and if corroborated in future studies, this technique would be of choice in 2-stage liver resection.