RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Filling materials should be restricted to the root canal space. However, sometimes it is impossible to control the apical extrusion, in this case, the fate of the filling material and the result of the treatment will depend on its physicochemical properties and biocompatibility. To evaluate the tissue response and bone repair capacity of endodontic sealers that were implanted in the calvaria of Wistar rats, forming the groups (n=16): AH Plus and Sealer Plus, compared to the clot group. METHODOLOGY: On days 30 and 60, the animals were euthanized, the calvaria was removed and processed for hematoxylin-eosin, immunohistochemistry for collagen type I, Picrosirus red and microtomographic analysis. Data were subjected to ANOVA and Tuckey tests (p<0.05). RESULTS: At 30 days, all groups showed an intense inflammatory reaction (p>0.05). At 60 days, the AH Plus and Sealer Plus maintained an intense inflammatory infiltrate compared to the clot group (p<0.05). We observed immunopositive areas for type I collagen in all groups at 30 days and 60 days (p>0.05). We observed more red collagen fibers for the Sealer Plus compared to the clot group at 30 days (p<0.05). Considering the total fibers, the clot group at 30 days compared to 60 days after surgery showed an increase in the amount of matrix (p<0.05). There were no statistical differences between groups for green and yellow fibers (p>0.05). Regarding morphometric parameters, at 30 days, the newly formed bone volume and number of bone trabeculae were higher in the groups with sealers compared to the clot group (p<0.05). At 60 days, AH Plus and Sealer Plus showed greater bone neoformation compared to the clot group (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Despite AH Plus and Sealer Plus induced an intense inflammatory reaction, they can be considered biocompatible materials, since they allowed bone repair.
Assuntos
Materiais Restauradores do Canal Radicular , Animais , Materiais Biocompatíveis , Resinas Epóxi , Teste de Materiais , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Materiais Restauradores do Canal Radicular/farmacologia , Tratamento do Canal Radicular , Silicatos/farmacologia , CicatrizaçãoRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of curved root canal preparation, torsional fatigue, and cyclic fatigue of rotary systems manufactured with different NiTi alloys. Ninety single-rooted canals with curvatures of 15° to 30o were scanned and divided into three groups according to the rotary system used: BT-Race (BTR) - 10.06, 35.00, 35.04; SequenceRotaryFile (SRF) - 15.04, 25.06, 35.04; and ProDesignLogic (PDL) - 25.01, 25.06, 35.05. Each system was used on three specimens. The teeth were prepared, scanned, and analyzed to assess increase in volume, transportation, and centering ability of the root canal. Torsional fatigue of glide path instruments (BTR 10.06, SRF 15.04 and PDL 25.01) and cyclic fatigue of the finishing instrument (BTR 35.04, SRF 35.04 and PDL 35.05) were obtained by analyzing completely new instruments (n = 10) and instruments after they had been used three times (n = 10). After the torsional and cyclic fatigue tests, the fractured surface of the new and used instruments were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Increase in volume, canal transportation, and centering ability showed no significant differences among the groups (p > 0.05). The torsional test showed that SRF 15.04 produced the highest torque values for both new and used instruments, followed by PDL 25.01 and BTR 10.06 (p < 0.05). PDL 25.01, both new and used, exhibited higher values of angular deflection followed by SRF 15.04 and BTR 10.06 (p < 0.05). As regards cyclic fatigue, use of PDL 35.05, both new and used, required a longer time and larger number of cycles than did SRF 35.04 and BTR 35.04 (p < 0.05). Clinical use affected the torsional fatigue of BTR; however, cyclic fatigue was not significantly affected (p < 0.05). All rotary systems were able to prepare the curved canals satisfactorily and were used safely on the three specimens. Relative to torsional fatigue, SRF 15.04 exhibited a higher torque, and PDL 25.01, higher angular deflection. BTR 10.06 was the most affected by clinical use. PDL 35.05 showed greater resistance to cyclic fatigue.
Assuntos
Ligas Dentárias , Preparo de Canal Radicular , Instrumentos Odontológicos , Desenho de Equipamento , Falha de Equipamento , Teste de Materiais , Níquel , Estresse Mecânico , Titânio , Torção MecânicaRESUMO
Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of curved root canal preparation, torsional fatigue, and cyclic fatigue of rotary systems manufactured with different NiTi alloys. Ninety single-rooted canals with curvatures of 15° to 30o were scanned and divided into three groups according to the rotary system used: BT-Race (BTR) - 10.06, 35.00, 35.04; SequenceRotaryFile (SRF) - 15.04, 25.06, 35.04; and ProDesignLogic (PDL) - 25.01, 25.06, 35.05. Each system was used on three specimens. The teeth were prepared, scanned, and analyzed to assess increase in volume, transportation, and centering ability of the root canal. Torsional fatigue of glide path instruments (BTR 10.06, SRF 15.04 and PDL 25.01) and cyclic fatigue of the finishing instrument (BTR 35.04, SRF 35.04 and PDL 35.05) were obtained by analyzing completely new instruments (n = 10) and instruments after they had been used three times (n = 10). After the torsional and cyclic fatigue tests, the fractured surface of the new and used instruments were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Increase in volume, canal transportation, and centering ability showed no significant differences among the groups (p > 0.05). The torsional test showed that SRF 15.04 produced the highest torque values for both new and used instruments, followed by PDL 25.01 and BTR 10.06 (p < 0.05). PDL 25.01, both new and used, exhibited higher values of angular deflection followed by SRF 15.04 and BTR 10.06 (p < 0.05). As regards cyclic fatigue, use of PDL 35.05, both new and used, required a longer time and larger number of cycles than did SRF 35.04 and BTR 35.04 (p < 0.05). Clinical use affected the torsional fatigue of BTR; however, cyclic fatigue was not significantly affected (p < 0.05). All rotary systems were able to prepare the curved canals satisfactorily and were used safely on the three specimens. Relative to torsional fatigue, SRF 15.04 exhibited a higher torque, and PDL 25.01, higher angular deflection. BTR 10.06 was the most affected by clinical use. PDL 35.05 showed greater resistance to cyclic fatigue.
RESUMO
Abstract Filling materials should be restricted to the root canal space. However, sometimes it is impossible to control the apical extrusion, in this case, the fate of the filling material and the result of the treatment will depend on its physicochemical properties and biocompatibility. Objective To evaluate the tissue response and bone repair capacity of endodontic sealers that were implanted in the calvaria of Wistar rats, forming the groups (n=16): AH Plus and Sealer Plus, compared to the clot group. Methodology On days 30 and 60, the animals were euthanized, the calvaria was removed and processed for hematoxylin-eosin, immunohistochemistry for collagen type I, Picrosirus red and microtomographic analysis. Data were subjected to ANOVA and Tuckey tests (p<0.05). Results At 30 days, all groups showed an intense inflammatory reaction (p>0.05). At 60 days, the AH Plus and Sealer Plus maintained an intense inflammatory infiltrate compared to the clot group (p<0.05). We observed immunopositive areas for type I collagen in all groups at 30 days and 60 days (p>0.05). We observed more red collagen fibers for the Sealer Plus compared to the clot group at 30 days (p<0.05). Considering the total fibers, the clot group at 30 days compared to 60 days after surgery showed an increase in the amount of matrix (p<0.05). There were no statistical differences between groups for green and yellow fibers (p>0.05). Regarding morphometric parameters, at 30 days, the newly formed bone volume and number of bone trabeculae were higher in the groups with sealers compared to the clot group (p<0.05). At 60 days, AH Plus and Sealer Plus showed greater bone neoformation compared to the clot group (p<0.05). Conclusions Despite AH Plus and Sealer Plus induced an intense inflammatory reaction, they can be considered biocompatible materials, since they allowed bone repair.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: This study compared the cytotoxicity, biocompatibility, and tenascin immunolabeling of a new ready-to-use hydraulic sealer (Bio-C Sealer) with MTA-Fillapex and white MTA-Angelus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: L929 fibroblasts were cultivated and exposed to undiluted and diluted material extracts. Polyethylene tubes with or without (the control) the materials were implanted into the dorsa of rats. At 7 days and 30 days, the rats were euthanized, and the specimens were prepared for analysis; inflammation and immunolabeling were measured, and statistical analysis was performed (p < 0.05). RESULTS: MTA-Fillapex exhibited greater cytotoxicity than the other materials at all time points (p < 0.05). The undiluted Bio-C Sealer exhibited greater cytocompatibility at 6 and 48 hours than white MTA-Angelus, with higher cell viability than in the control (p < 0.05). White MTA-Angelus displayed higher cell viability than the control at 24 hours, and the one-half dilution displayed similar results at both 6 and 48 hours (p < 0.05). At 7 days and 30 days, the groups exhibited moderate inflammation with thick fibrous capsules and mild inflammation with thin fibrous capsules, respectively (p > 0.05). At 7 days, moderate to strong immunolabeling was observed (p > 0.05). After 30 days, the control and MTA-Fillapex groups exhibited strong immunolabeling, the white MTA-Angelus group exhibited moderate immunolabeling (p > 0.05), and the Bio-C Sealer group exhibited low-to-moderate immunolabeling, differing significantly from the control (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Bio-C Sealer and white MTA-Angelus exhibited greater cytocompatibility than MTA-Fillapex; all materials displayed adequate biocompatibility and induced tenascin immunolabeling.
RESUMO
Introdução: A insuficiência renal aguda (IRA) ocorre em cerca de 5% das hospitalizações e até 30% das internações em UTI, possuindo taxas de mortalidade entre 15% e 60%. Objetivo: O objetivo do presente trabalho foi analisar diferentes protocolos de indução da IRA em modelo animal, buscando a padronização do modelo para o estudo da relação bidirecional com a periodontite apical (PA). Métodos: Foram utilizados vinte e quatro ratos divididos em três grupos (n=8): G1) administração de gentamicina na dosagem de 80mg/Kg/dia durante cinco dias; G2) administração de gentamicina na dosagem de 100mg/kg/dia durante oito dias; e G3) administração de gentamicina na dosagem de 100mg/kg/dia durante dez dias. A PA foi induzida em todos os grupos por meio da exposição pulpar dos primeiros e segundos molares superiores e inferiores do lado direito. Após trinta dias da exposição pulpar, os animais foram eutanasiados; os rins, coletados para análise histológica em HE; e as maxilas e mandíbulas, removidas para análise radiográfica. Resultados: A presença da PA foi confirmada em todos os espécimes pelo exame radiográfico. O grupo G3 apresentou índice de mortalidade de 75%, enquanto G1 e G2 não apresentaram mortalidade. Histologicamente, o tecido renal do grupo G2 apresentou alterações teciduais, como dilatação e necrose tubular mais severa, quando comparado ao grupo G1 (p<0,05). Conclusão: Diante do alto índice de mortalidade observado em G3 e dos achados histológicos observados em G1 e G2, o protocolo indicado para o estudo da relação bidirecional com a periodontite apical é o de 100mg/kg/dia durante oito dias (AU).
Introduction: Acute Renal Failure (ARF) occurs in about 5% of hospitalizations and up to 30% of ICU admissions, with mortality rates between 15% and 60%. The objective of this study was to analyze different protocols for the induction of IRA in an animal model, seeking the standardization of the model for the study of bidirectional relationship with apical periodontitis (AP). Methods: Twenty-four rats were divided into three groups (n = 8): G1 - Administration of Gentamicin at a dose of 80mg/ kg/day for 5 days; G2 - Administration of Gentamicin at the dose of 100mg/kg/day for 8 days; G3 - Administration of Gentamicin at the dosage of 100mg/kg/day for 10 days. The AP was induced in all groups by means of pulp exposure of the first and second upper and lower molars from the right side. After 30 days, the animals were euthanized, the kidneys collected for histological analysis, and the jaws removed for radiographic analysis. Results: The presence of AP was confirmed in all specimens by radiographic examination. The G3 group had a mortality rate of 75% while G1 and G2 had no mortality. Histologically, the renal tissue of the G2 protocol presented tissue changes such as dilation and more severe tubular necrosis when compared to the G1 protocol (p <0.05). Conclusion: In view of the high mortality rate observed in G3 and the histological findings observed in G1 and G2, the indicated protocol is 100mg/kg/day for 8 days to study the bidirectional relationship with apical periodontitis (AU).
Assuntos
Periodontite Periapical , Padrões de Referência , Insuficiência Renal , Rim/lesões , Gentamicinas , DosagemRESUMO
This study evaluated the cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of a new bioceramic endodontic sealer (i.e., Sealer Plus BC) in comparison with those of MTA Fillapex and AH Plus. L929 fibroblasts were cultured and Alamar Blue was used to evaluate cell viability of diluted extracts (1:50, 1:100, and 1:200) from each sealer at 24 h. Polyethylene tubes that were filled with material or empty (as a control) were implanted in the subcutaneous tissue of rats. The rats were killed after 7 and 30 d (n = 8), and the tubes were removed for histological analysis. Parametric data was analyzed using a one-way ANOVA test, and nonparametric data was analyzed via the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the Dunn test (p < 0.05). A reduction in cell viability was observed in the extracts that were more diluted for Sealer Plus BC when compared to that of Control and AH Plus (p < 0.05). However, the 1:50 dilution of the Sealer Plus BC was similar to that of the Control (p > 0.05). Conversely, more diluted extracts of MTA Fillapex (1:200) and AH Plus (1:100 and 1:200) were similar to the Control (p > 0.05). Histological analysis performed at 7 d did not indicate any significant difference between tissue response for all materials, and the fibrous capsule was thick (p > 0.05). At 30 d, Sealer Plus BC was similar to the Control (p > 0.05) and MTA Fillapex and AH Plus exhibited greater inflammation than the Control (p < 0.05). The fibrous capsule was thin for the Control and for most specimens of Sealer Plus BC and AH Plus. Thus, Sealer Plus BC is biocompatible when compared to MTA Fillapex and AH Plus, and it is less cytotoxic when less-diluted extracts are used.
Assuntos
Cimentos Ósseos/química , Hidróxido de Cálcio/química , Cerâmica/química , Materiais Restauradores do Canal Radicular/química , Compostos de Alumínio/química , Animais , Materiais Biocompatíveis , Cimentos Ósseos/farmacologia , Cimentos Ósseos/toxicidade , Compostos de Cálcio/química , Hidróxido de Cálcio/farmacologia , Hidróxido de Cálcio/toxicidade , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Cultivadas/efeitos dos fármacos , Combinação de Medicamentos , Resinas Epóxi/química , Fibroblastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Técnicas In Vitro , Inflamação , Masculino , Teste de Materiais , Óxidos/química , Ratos Wistar , Materiais Restauradores do Canal Radicular/toxicidade , Silicatos/química , Tela Subcutânea/patologiaRESUMO
New mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) formulations are constantly introduced in the market, usually in a powder-and-liquid form. Bioceramic (Bio-C) Repair is a ready-for-use material suggested as substitute for MTA, but its properties need to be studied. This study evaluated the cytotoxicity, biocompatibility and biomineralization of Bio-C Repair compared to MTA Repair High-Plasticity (MTA-HP) and white MTA-Angelus (MTA-Ang). L929 fibroblasts were exposed to material-extracted (undiluted, ½ and » dilutions; 6, 24 and 48h). Polyethylene tubes with material or empty (control) were implanted in the subcutaneous tissue of rats. After 7 and 30 days (n=8), the specimens were removed for analysis (hematoxylin-eosin, von Kossa and polarized light). Cytotoxicity data were statistically analyzed by two-way ANOVA, and biocompatibility data by Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests (p<0.05). The cells exposed to the materials had greater viability at most of the periods compared with control (p<0.05). The undiluted and ½ dilutions of MTA-HP extract showed higher cytocompatibility than Bio-C Repair at 6 h and with the » dilution at 24 h (p<0.05); the white MTA-Ang showed higher cytocompatibility than Bio-C Repair at most of periods (p<0.05). The undiluted white MTA-Ang extract had higher cytocompatibility at 6 and 24h than MTA-HP, and with ½ dilution at 24h (p<0.05). The materials' cytocompatibility was similar at 48h for most dilutions (p>0.05). At 7 and 30 days, the groups had moderate and mild inflammation, respectively (p>0.05). All materials showed positive structures for von Kossa and polarized light. In conclusion, Bio-C Repair had similar cytocompatibility to MTA-based materials is biocompatible and induces biomineralization.
Assuntos
Biomineralização , Materiais Restauradores do Canal Radicular , Resinas Acrílicas , Compostos de Alumínio , Animais , Materiais Biocompatíveis , Compostos de Cálcio , Combinação de Medicamentos , Teste de Materiais , Óxidos , Ratos , Silicatos , Tela SubcutâneaRESUMO
Abstract New mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) formulations are constantly introduced in the market, usually in a powder-and-liquid form. Bioceramic (Bio-C) Repair is a ready-for-use material suggested as substitute for MTA, but its properties need to be studied. This study evaluated the cytotoxicity, biocompatibility and biomineralization of Bio-C Repair compared to MTA Repair High-Plasticity (MTA-HP) and white MTA-Angelus (MTA-Ang). L929 fibroblasts were exposed to material-extracted (undiluted, ½ and » dilutions; 6, 24 and 48h). Polyethylene tubes with material or empty (control) were implanted in the subcutaneous tissue of rats. After 7 and 30 days (n=8), the specimens were removed for analysis (hematoxylin-eosin, von Kossa and polarized light). Cytotoxicity data were statistically analyzed by two-way ANOVA, and biocompatibility data by Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests (p<0.05). The cells exposed to the materials had greater viability at most of the periods compared with control (p<0.05). The undiluted and ½ dilutions of MTA-HP extract showed higher cytocompatibility than Bio-C Repair at 6 h and with the » dilution at 24 h (p<0.05); the white MTA-Ang showed higher cytocompatibility than Bio-C Repair at most of periods (p<0.05). The undiluted white MTA-Ang extract had higher cytocompatibility at 6 and 24h than MTA-HP, and with ½ dilution at 24h (p<0.05). The materials' cytocompatibility was similar at 48h for most dilutions (p>0.05). At 7 and 30 days, the groups had moderate and mild inflammation, respectively (p>0.05). All materials showed positive structures for von Kossa and polarized light. In conclusion, Bio-C Repair had similar cytocompatibility to MTA-based materials is biocompatible and induces biomineralization.
Resumo Novas formulações de agregado de trióxido mineral (MTA) são constantemente introduzidas no mercado, geralmente em forma de pó e líquido. O Biocerâmico (Bio-C) Reparador (Repair) é um material pronto para uso sugerido como substituto do MTA, mas suas propriedades precisam ser estudadas. Este estudo avaliou a citotoxicidade, biocompatibilidade e biomineralização do Bio-C Repair comparado ao MTA-High Plasticity (MTA-HP) e MTA branco da Angelus (MTA-Ang). Fibroblastos L929 foram expostos a extratos dos materiais (não diluído, ½ e » diluições; 6, 24 e 48 h). Tubos de polietileno contendo os materiais ou vazios (controle) foram implantados no tecido subcutâneo de ratos. Após 7 e 30 dias (n=8), os espécimes foram removidos para análises (hematoxilina-eosina, von Kossa e luz polarizada). Os dados da citotoxicidade foram analisados estatisticamente pelo teste de two-way ANOVA, e os dados da biocompatibilidade pelos testes de Kruskal-Wallis e Dunn (p<0,05). As células expostas aos materiais apresentaram maior viabilidade celular na maior parte dos períodos, comparados com o controle (p<0,05). O extrato não diluído e ½ diluição do MTA-HP apresentaram maior citocompatibilidade do que Bio-C Repair às 6h, e com » diluição às 24h (p<0,05); o MTA-Ang branco apresentou maior citocompatibilidade do que o Bio-C Repair na maior parte dos períodos (p<0,05). O extrato não diluído do MTA-Ang branco apresentou maior citocompatibilidade às 6 e 24 h comparado ao MTA-HP, e com ½ diluição às 24h (p<0,05). A citocompatibilidade dos materiais foi semelhante às 48 h para a maior parte das diluições (p>0,05). Aos 7 e 30 dias, os grupos apresentaram inflamação moderada e leve, respectivamente (p>0,05). Todos os materiais mostraram estruturas positivas para von Kossa e luz polarizada. Em conclusão, o Bio-C Repair teve citocompatibilidade semelhante aos materiais à base de MTA, é biocompatível e induz à biomineralização.
Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Materiais Restauradores do Canal Radicular , Biomineralização , Óxidos , Materiais Biocompatíveis , Resinas Acrílicas , Teste de Materiais , Silicatos , Compostos de Cálcio , Compostos de Alumínio , Tela Subcutânea , Combinação de MedicamentosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) on pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators were evaluated in a rat model of pulp exposure-induced apical periodontitis (AP). METHODS: Twenty-eight male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: control, untreated rats (group C); control rats treated with ω-3 PUFAs (group C-O); rats with pulp exposure-induced AP (group AP); and rats with pulp exposure-induced AP treated with ω-3 PUFAs (group AP-O). Omega-3 PUFAs were administered orally once a day for 15 days before pulp exposure; this treatment was continued for 30 days after pulp exposure. The rats were sacrificed 30 days after pulp exposure, and their dissected jaws were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis to detect immunoreactivity for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1ß, IL-17, and IL-10 on the periapical bone surface. The results were statistically evaluated using analysis of variance and the Tukey post-test. The significance level was set at 5%. RESULTS: Immunoreactivity for the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1ß, and IL-17 was higher in the AP group than in the AP-O, C, and C-O groups (P < .05). Immunoreactivity for the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was lower in the AP group than in the AP-O group (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Supplementation with ω-3 PUFAs can modulate the inflammatory response in rat AP, decreasing levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1ß, and IL-17 but increasing levels of IL-10.
Assuntos
Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/uso terapêutico , Periodontite Periapical/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Interleucina-10/metabolismo , Interleucina-17/metabolismo , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Masculino , Periodontite Periapical/patologia , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismoRESUMO
A aterosclerose é uma doença cardiovascular inflamatória crônica, caracterizada pelo acúmulo de placas de gordura nos vasos sanguíneos em consequência de danos no endotélio provocada por diversos fatores de risco, dentre eles o acúmulo de lipídeos. As infecções dentárias também são doenças de caráter inflamatório, dentre elas, está a infecção endodôntica que resulta no desenvolvimento da periodontite apical. Diante dos estudos apresentados na literatura especializada, dos quais os resultados ainda carecem de comprovação científica sobre possíveis correlações entre a periodontite apical com alterações sistêmicas, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a inter-relação entre a periodontite apical e a aterosclerose. Foram utilizados 40 ratos Wistar distribuídos em 4 grupos de 10 animais: ratos controle (C); ratos com periodontite apical (AP); ratos com aterosclerose (AT); ratos com periodontite apical e com aterosclerose (AP+AT). A aterosclerose foi induzida com a administração de uma dieta com alto teor lipídico, juntamente com um procedimento cirúrgico realizado na carótida comum direita associada a uma super dosagem de vitamina D3. A periodontite apical foi induzida 30 dias após a indução cirúrgica da aterosclerose, pela exposição da polpa dentária coronária ao meio bucal, dos primeiros e segundos molares superiores e inferiores direito. O peso corporal foi obtido aos 0, 15, 45 e 75 dias e o consumo de ração foi mensurado nos períodos de 7, 15, 45 e 75 dias. Aos 45 e 75 dias, foi realizada punção cardíaca para remoção do tecido hematológico e as concentrações séricas do perfil lipídico foram mensurados. Aos 75 dias, os ratos foram eutanasiados e os órgãos: cérebro, coração, pulmão, fígado, baço, rim e gônadas foram pesados individualmente. A maxila, a mandíbula e a carótida foram processadas para análise histológica (hematoxilina e eosina). Os resultados das diferentes análises e a relação entre os achados locais e sistêmicos foram tabulados e analisados por testes estatísticos específicos para cada caso (p<0,05). A aterosclerose foi capaz de induzir a perda de peso dos animais no período inicial do experimento, no entanto, ao final do experimento apenas o grupo AP+AT apresentou peso inferior quando comparado ao grupo controle. O consumo de ração foi semelhante entre todos os grupos. As concentrações séricas do colesterol total e do LDL-C foram, estatisticamente mais elevados nos grupos portadores de aterosclerose (AT e AP+AT) quando comparados aos outros grupos (p <0,05). Nos grupos AP e AT, a presença das doenças foram capazes de aumentar os níveis de triglicérides, comparados ao controle, sem diferença estatística entre si. (p <0,05). Já no grupo AP+AT os níveis de triglicérides foram superiores quando comparados aos grupos AP e AT. Houve aumento no peso do cérebro e redução no peso do pulmão nos grupos AP, AT, AP+AT quando comparados ao grupo C. O peso do baço no grupo AP apresentou-se elevado quando comparado aos demais grupos. Nas análises histológicas, o grupo AP+AT apresentou infiltrado inflamatório mais intenso e reabsorção óssea mais exacerbada quando comparada ao grupo AP. Foi possível detectar alterações morfológicas nas artérias carótidas dos animais portadores de aterosclerose. Conclui-se que a periodontite apical e a aterosclerose, isoladas ou associadas, influenciam no peso corporal, no metabolismo, no perfil lipídico, nas lesões periapicais e nas carótidas de ratos Wistar(AU)
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory cardiovascular disease, characterized by the accumulation of lipid in the blood vessels, due to risk factors capable of causing injuries to the endothelium. Dental infections are also pathologies of inflammatory origin, among them is the endodontic infection that results in the development of apical periodontitis. In view of the studies presented in the specialized literature, of which the results still lack scientific evidence on possible correlations between apical periodontitis with systemic alterations, the objective of this study was to evaluate the possible interrelationship between apical periodontitis and atherosclerosis. Forty male Wistar rats were distributed in 4 groups of 10 animals: control rats (C); rats with apical periodontitis (AP); rats with atherosclerosis (AT); rats with AP and atherosclerosis (AP+AT). Atherosclerosis was induced by using a high-lipid diet together with right common carotid surgery and a super dosage of vitamin D3. Apical periodontitis was induced 30 days after the surgical induction of atherosclerosis, by exposure of the coronary tooth pulp to the oral environment, of the first and second molars, upper and lower right. Body weight was obtained at 0, 15, 45 and 75 days and food consumption was measured on 7, 15, 45, and 75 days. At 45 and 75 days, cardiac puncture was performed to remove hematological tissue and serum levels of the lipid profile were measured. At 75 days the rats were euthanized and the organs: brain, heart, lung, liver, spleen, kidney and gonads were weighed individually. The upper and lower jaws and carotid were processed for histological analysis (hematoxylin and eosin). The results of the different analyzes and the relation between the local and systemic findings were tabulated and analyzed by specific statistical tests for each case (p <0.05). Atherosclerosis induced the weight loss of the animals in the initial period of the experiment, however, at the end of the experiment only the AT+AP group presented lower weight when compared to group C. Feed consumption was similar among all groups. The levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were statistically higher in the groups with atherosclerosis (AT and AP+AT) when compared to the other groups (p<0.05). In the AP and AT groups, the presence of infections were able to increase triglyceride levels, compared to control, with no statistical difference between them. (p <0.05). In the AT+AP group, the triglyceride levels were higher when compared to the AP and AT groups. There was an increase in brain weight and a reduction in lung weight in the AP, AT, AP+AT groups when compared to group C. The spleen weight in the AP group was elevated when compared to the other groups. In the histological analyzes, the AP+AT group presented more severe periapical inflammatory infiltrates and more exacerbated bone resorption when compared to the AP group. It was possible to detect morphological changes in the carotid arteries of animals with atherosclerosis. It is concluded that apical periodontitis and atherosclerosis, whether isolated or associated, influence body weight, metabolism, lipid profile, periapical lesions and in the carotids of Wistar rats(AU)