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Introduction Congenital malformations of the right atrium are rare heart defects with only a few cases described prenatally. Early diagnosis of these anomalies is becoming increasingly important for proper follow-up and due to the possibility of serious complications such as supraventricular arrhythmia, thromboembolic events, and sudden death. Objective The atrial appendage aneurysm (AAA) is a dilatation of the atrial appendage. It is considered an extremely rare congenital anomaly. However, this condition is clinically significant because it leads to atrial arrhythmias, recurrent emboli, heart failure, and chest pain. In addition, it is possible to recognize AAA prenatally with fetal echocardiography, even if it rarely happens. However, few fetal AAA cases have been reported in the literature. Study Design We report a case of a fetal AAA; diagnosed prenatally and with postnatal confirmation. We undertook a systematic review of studies on fetal AAA to synthesize available knowledge on diagnosing and managing this rare condition. Results A total of eight studies describing 24 patients were identified and analyzed. Conclusion Despite their rarity, fetal atrial appendage aneurysms necessitate early detect on due to associated severe complications. Our findings emphasize the importance of prenatal diagnosis through fetal echocardiography and highlight the need for further research to optimize management strategies and improve outcomes for affected individuals.
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Abstract: the aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of body mass index (BMI), bone mineral density (BMD), and oral hygiene with periodontal disease (PD) in a group of elderly adults in Mexico City. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study with a convenience sample of 151 elderly adults was conducted. Before applying the epidemiological survey, each subject was asked to sign an informed consent. Standardization for measuring Ramfjords Periodontal Disease Index (PDI), BMI, and Green and Vermilions OHI-S was carried out. Descriptive statistics and linear regression models were performed. Results: The 93.4 percent of the group had PD, 33.8 percent showed severe gingivitis and 20.5 percent mild gingivitis. A 28.5 percent five percent of the group had osteopenia and 18.5 percent had osteoporosis, being more common in people over 69 years. The 38.4 percent percent of the group was underweight and 53.0 percent had poor oral hygiene. Oral hygiene accounted for 63.1 percent of the PD variance (p=0.0001), figure that did not increase considerably by adding BMD and BMI variables to the regression model. Conclusion: The frequency of PD in this group of elderly adults was high and significantly associated with BMD, BMI, and mainly oral hygiene.
Resumen: el objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la relación del índice de masa corporal (IMC), densidad mineral ósea (DMO) e higiene oral con enfermedad periodontal en un grupo de adultos mayores de la Ciudad de México. Material y métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal con una muestra por conveniencia de 151 adultos mayores. Para la encuesta epidemiológica se solicitó el consentimiento informado de cada persona, se llevó a cabo la estandarización para la medición del Índice de Enfermedad Periodontal de Ramjford (IEP), IMC e IHO-S de Green y Vermillion. Se realizó estadística descriptiva y modelos de regresión lineal. Resultados: El 93,4 por ciento del grupo presentó EP, un 33,8 por ciento mostró gingivitis severa y el 20,5 por ciento moderada. El 28,5 por ciento del grupo presentó osteopenia y el 18,5 por ciento osteoporosis, siendo más frecuente en personas mayores de 69 años. El 38.4 por ciento del grupo presentó bajo peso y el 53,0 por ciento mala higiene oral. La higiene oral explicó un 63,1 por ciento de varianza de la EP (p=0,0001), valor que no se incrementó de manera relevante al agregar las variables DMO e IMC al modelo de regresión. Conclusión: La frecuencia de EP en este grupo de adultos mayores fue alta, asociándose significativamente con la DMO, el IMC y principalmente la higiene oral.