Recycling industrial wastewater for improved carbohydrate-rich biomass production in a semi-continuous photobioreactor: Effect of hydraulic retention time.

This study aimed to investigate a mixed microalgae culture's capacity to simultaneously remove nutrients and organic matter from industrial effluents while producing carbohydrate-rich biomass. A culture initially dominated by filamentous cyanobacteria Geitlerinema sp. was inoculated in a lab-scale stirred tank photobioreactor, operating at 10, 8, and 6 days hydraulic retention time (HRT). The results show that different HRT led to different inorganic carbon profiles and N:P ratios in the culture, influencing microbial changes, and carbohydrate content. Hence, higher N-NH4+ removal efficiencies were obtained at HRT of 10 d and decreased with decreasing HRT. Whereas, complete depletion of P-PO43- was achieved only at HRT of 8 d and 6 d. Also, the highest COD removal efficiency (60%) was achieved at 6 d of HRT. The maximum accumulation of carbohydrates was achieved at HRT of 8 d, which presented an N:P ratio of 22:1 and carbon availability, recording a constant carbohydrate content of 57% without any additional carbon source. Furthermore, this operational condition reached the best biomass production of 0.033 g L-1d-1 of easy-settling cyanobacteria dominated culture. According to the results, this process presents an alternative to recycling industrial effluents and, at the same time, grow valuable biomass, closing a loop for sustainable economy.

Noncaloric Sweeteners in Children: A Controversial Theme.

Noncaloric sweeteners (NCS) are food additives used to provide sweetness without adding calories. Their consumption has become more widespread around the world in all age groups, including children. The aim of this study is to show the state of the art about the intake of noncaloric sweeteners in children, as well as their benefits and consumption risk. Scientific searchers were used (PUBMED, Scopus, and Scielo) to analyze articles that included keywords (noncaloric sweeteners/saccharin/cyclamate/acesulfame potassium/aspartame/sucralose/stevia/children) in English, Spanish, and Portuguese. Authors conclude that it is imperative that health professionals judiciously and individually evaluate the overall benefits and risks of NCS use in consumers before recommending their use. Different subgroups of the population incorporate products containing NCS in their diet with different objectives, which should be considered when recommending a diet plan for the consumer. In childhood, in earlier age groups, this type of additives should be used as a dietary alternative when other forms of prevention in obesity are not sufficient.

Modelo educativo de enfermería y su efecto en conocimiento y autocuidado de pacientes con DM2 / Nurse training model effects on diabetes mellitus 2 patients knowledge and self-care

Introducción: La diabetes mellitus es una enfermedad crónica que exige a la persona que la padece llevar a cabo acciones dirigidas a controlar su padecimiento, especialmente dieta y ejercido. Sin embargo, un porcentaje importante de estos pacientes, presenta niveles de glucemia por encima de los rangos normales. Objetivo: Evaluar el conocimiento sobre la enfermedad y autocuidado de los pacientes diabéticos con el Modelo Educativo de Enfermería, con los que reciben la información habitual. Metodología: Estudio transversal comparativo, a 90 pacientes que terminaron las sesiones del Modelo Educativo por Enfermería y 45 pacientes con información habitual, a los cuales se aplicó una encuesta validada con el fin de evaluar su conocimiento y autocuidado básicos sobre la enfermedad, el análisis de la información se realizó con estadística descriptiva, chi2 y t de student, el procesamiento de la información con el paquete estadístico SPSS10. Resultados: La edad promedio fue de 57±11 años. El 53.3% de los pacientes con el modelo educativo tienen mayor conocimiento, autocuidado y control de glucemias que los que recibieron la información habitual con solo 30.3%. Conclusiones: Los pacientes con el modelo educativo por enfermería tienen un mejor control metabólico por niveles de glucemia que los pacientes que no están en el modelo educativo.

Introduction : Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disease that demands the person who suffers it to carry out actions directed when its suffering, to control specially diet and exercise. Nevertheless, an important percentage of these patients, presents levels of glycemia over the normal ranges. Objectives: To evaluate the knowledge on the disease and self-care of the diabetic patients with nurse training model, with whom they receive traditional information. Material and methods: Transversal comparative study to 90 patients who finished the meetings of the nurse training model and 45 patients with habitual information, To which a survey was applied validated in order to evaluate its basic knowledge and self-care on the disease, the analysis of the information was realized by descriptive statistics chi2 y t de student. The processing of information was made with the statistical package SPSS10. Results: The average age was of 57± 11 years. 53.3% of the patients with the nurse model has major knowledge, self-care and control of glycemia that those who received the habitual information with only in 30.3%. Conclusions: The patients with the nurse training model take a better metabolic control as levels of glycemia that the patients who are not in the educational model.

Evaluation of blood recirculation in catheters for haemodialysis and its relation to blood circuit pressures.

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the degree of blood recirculation (REC) in venous catheters for dual lumen haemodialysis, and its relation to the drop in arterial line pressure and return venous pressure during haemodialysis. A total of 25 catheters were evaluated (15 temporary 15 cm catheters, and 10 permanent tunnelled 32 cm catheters). REC was calculated using a blood temperature monitor. With blood flow stabilised at 250 ml/min,the session was initiated and the following was determined: real blood flow, drop in arterial line pressure (pre-pump pressure), positive pressure and blood recirculation. Mean blood recirculation in the total of catheters was 6.4 +/- 3%, mean real blood flow was 230 +/- 9 ml/min. Mean blood pressure was -146 +/- 52 mmHG. Mean positive pressure was 127 +/- 47 mmHG. A strong correlation was found between real flow and arterial pressure (r = 0.79, p < 0.01), and between arterial pressure and blood recirculation (r = -0.57, p < 0.01). Comparing the variables studied, a lower degree of REC (5.2+/-2 vs. 8.5+/-3, p < 0.01), a higher real blood flow (234 +/- 7 vs. 223 +/- 7, p < 0.01) and a lower drop in arterial pressure (-127 +/- 49 vs. -180 +/- 40, p < 0.05) were found in temporary catheters than in permanent catheters. No differences were observed in positive pressure. As a conclusion, these results suggest that blood recirculation is lower in temporary catheters than in permanent tunnelled catheters. This is related to a lower drop in pre-pump blood pressure and a higher real blood flow. However, positive pressure does not seem to influence the degree of blood recirculation in venous dual lumen catheters for haemodialysis.

Epidemiología. Factores etiológicos / Epidemiology. Progostic factors

No disponible