RESUMO
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as a critical global health challenge. However, the significance of AMR is not limited to humans and domestic animals but extends to wildlife and the environment. Based on the analysis of > 200 peer-reviewed papers, this review provides comprehensive and current insights into the detection of clinically significant antimicrobial resistant bacteria and resistance genes in wild mammals, birds and reptiles worldwide. The review also examines the overlooked roles of wildlife in AMR emergence and transmission. In wildlife, AMR is potentially driven by anthropogenic activity, agricultural and environmental factors, and natural evolution. This review highlights the significance of AMR surveillance in wildlife, identifies species and geographical foci and gaps, and demonstrates the value of multifaceted One Health strategies if further escalation of AMR globally is to be curtailed.
Assuntos
Animais Selvagens , Antibacterianos , Bactérias , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Saúde Única , Animais , Animais Selvagens/microbiologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana/genética , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias/genética , Bactérias/classificação , Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Aves/microbiologia , Humanos , Mamíferos/microbiologia , Répteis/microbiologia , Infecções Bacterianas/microbiologia , Infecções Bacterianas/veterinária , Infecções Bacterianas/tratamento farmacológico , Saúde GlobalRESUMO
Following the reported link between heater-cooler unit (HCU) colonisation with Mycobacterium chimaera and endocarditis, mycobacterial sampling of all HCUs in use in Western Australia was initiated from August 2015, revealing M. chimaera colonisation in 10 of 15 HCUs. After M. chimaera was isolated from a pleural biopsy from a cardiothoracic patient who may have been exposed to a colonised HCU, a whole genome sequencing investigation was performed involving 65 specimens from 15 HCUs across five hospitals to assess if this infection was related to the HCU. Genetic relatedness was found between the 10 HCU M. chimaera isolates from four hospitals. However the M. chimaera isolate from the cardiothoracic patient was not genetically related to the HCU M. chimaera isolates from that hospital, nor to the other HCU isolates, indicating that the HCUs were not the source of the infection in this patient.