[Satisfaction rating in a group of women from Granada on birthing care, support and breastfeeding length]. / Valoración del nivel de satisfacción en un grupo de mujeres de Granada sobre atención al parto, acompañamiento y duración de la lactancia.

INTRODUCTION: The satisfaction's analysis is being used as an instrument to create different sanitary reforms to improve the quality and numerous studies aim to the increase the mother's satisfaction directly related to the maternity care. OBJECTIVES: [corrected] Identify the woman satisfaction's degree about birth attention, accompaniment during nativity and the breastfeeding's term. MATERIAL AND METHOD: [corrected] Descriptive transversal study in the university hospital San Cecilio in Granada (España), during the time of August 2011 to 2012, it performed with a second prospective tracing phase to a N = 60 mothers. It used a protocol (Annex 1) after 24 hours in hospital and at 14 days by telephone. After 3 months, it performed a tracing pertaining to the baby food. RESULTS: The global satisfaction's level about birth is high in study population. It has been shown that breastfeeding (P = 0,514) and vaginal birth without epidural (P = 0,320) creates higher satisfaction for mother. On the other hand, birth satisfaction related with duration of breastfeeding. CONCLUSION: Satisfactory mothers' opinion related with birth care and accompaniment during nativity increases in women whose birth happened in a uncomplicated way without epidural and they started early breastfeeding.

Introducción: El análisis de la satisfacción se está utilizando como instrumento para crear diferentes reformas sanitarias para la mejora de la calidad y numerosos estudios apuntan al incremento de la satisfacción de la madre en relación directa con el cuidado en la maternidad. Objetivos: Identificar el grado de satisfacción de la mujer sobre la atención al parto, el acompañamiento durante el nacimiento y la duración de la lactancia materna. Material y método: Estudio descriptivo transversal en el Hospital Universitario San Cecilio de Granada (España), durante el periodo de tiempo Agosto del 2011 al 2012, se realizo con una segunda fase de seguimiento prospectivo a una N = 60 madres. Se utilizó un protocolo (Anexo 1) a las 24 horas en el hospital y a los 14 días por teléfono. A los 3 meses, se realizó un seguimiento relacionado con la alimentación del bebe. Resultados: El nivel de satisfacción global sobre el parto es alto en la población estudiada. Se ha demostrado que la lactancia materna (P = 0,514) y el parto vía vaginal sin epidural (P = 0,320) crea una mayor satisfacción en la madre. Por otro lado, la satisfacción sobre el parto guarda relación con la duración de la lactancia materna. Conclusión: La opinión satisfactoria de las madres relacionadas con la atención al parto y el acompañamiento durante el nacimiento se incrementa en aquellas mujeres cuyo parto ocurrió de forma eutócica sin epidural e iniciaron la lactancia materna precoz.

[Anthropometric study and evaluation of the nutritional status of a population school children in Granada; comparison of national and international reference standards]. / Estudio antropométrico y valoración del estado nutricional de una población de escolares de Granada; comparación con los estándares nacionales e internacionales de referencia.

Recent studies show an alarming increase in levels of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents. The main objectives of this research were the following: (i) to carry out an anthropometric evaluation of the nutritional status and body composition of school children in the city and province of Granada; (ii) to compare the nutritional status of this population sample with national and international reference standards. The results obtained in this study showed that the general prevalence of overweight in both sexes was 22.03% and that 9.12% of the children were obese. Statistically significant differences were found between the variable, weight for age and sex (p < 0.05) and the variable, height for age and sex (p < 0.05). Regarding the body mass index, no statistically significant differences were found for the variable, sex (p = 0.182). This contrasted with the variable, age, which did show statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). As a conclusion, the results of our study highlighted the fact that these anthropometric values were much higher than national and international reference standards.

[Prenatal stimulation: results in the peripartum period]. / La estimulación prenatal: resultados relevantes en el periparto.

UNLABELLED: During pregnancy, the prolonged stress and worry felt by mothers can alter the development and function of the right brain hemisphere. For this reason, importance is given to prenatal stimulation programs for pregnant women. OBJECTIVES: To determine the perinatal results in the moment of childbirth in mothers who had participated in prenatal stimulation programs. MATERIAL: An experimental study was conducted in five health districts in the town of Cienfuegos (Cuba) with a view to identifying the perinatal results at the moment of childbirth in women that had participated in prenatal stimulation programs. METHODOLOGY: The study consisted of an intentional sampling of all of the subjects (n = 200 women who were 20-28 weeks pregnant). The variables studied were the following: duration of labor, baby's birth weight, Apgar score at birth, type of childbirth, and opinion of the subjects about the prenatal stimulation program. RESULTS: Of the population sample, 36% of the subjects gave birth in less than six hours; 67.5% had babies weighing 2,500-3,000 grams; and 96.5% had babies whose Apgar scores were between 8 and 9. Finally, 68.5% of the subjects had natural childbirths and 96% were satisfied with the prenatal stimulation program. CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained showed that these new prenatal stimulation programs were well received by the subjects in this study.

[Analysis of the nutritional state and body composition of school children in Granada (Spain)]. / Análisis del estado nutricional y composición corporal de una población de escolares de Granada.

The objective of this study was to first determine the nutritional state of a sample population of school children, and then analyze the distribution pattern of their subcutaneous fat layer. The sample was composed of 977 school children from the city and province of Granada (Spain). All of the children (524 girls and 452 boys) were 9-17 years of age. To study their nutritional state and the distribution of the subcutaneous fat layer, they were given a complete anthropometric evaluation, which included measuring their weight, height, body mass index, skin folds, and body perimeters. The results obtained showed a 23.01% prevalence of overweight in the female subjects and 20.81% in the male subjects. Furthermore, the female subjects had an obesity prevalence of 12.70% in comparison to the male subjects, whose obesity prevalence was 4.98%. The distribution pattern of subcutaneous fat was found to be mainly located in the central part of body. The high percentage of overweight and obesity along with the development of a central fat distribution pattern (neck, chest, and abdomen) in these school children is clear evidence of potential cardiovascular risk.

[Risk factors in the development of breast cancer, state of Mexico]. / Factores de riesgo como pronóstico de padecer cáncer de mama en un estado de México.

INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer is one of the most frequent diseases in women today, and its social impact is devastating. The risk factors focused on in recent research are mainly hormonal, genetic, and environmental though toxic habits, overweight, and obesity have also been studied. In contrast, protective factors against breast cancer include breastfeeding and daily exercise. OBJECTIVE: To ascertain the risk factors for the women with breast cancer in our study sample. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A study of cases and controls was performed on 115 women diagnosed with breast cancer and on 115 healthy women, who had been patients at the National Cancer Institute ISSEMYM in Mexico from January to December 2011. Information was collected from the women in the sample pertaining to their family history of cancer, personal background, life style, and body mass index (BMI). Breast cancer risk was estimated with multivariate logistic regression models and the chi-square test. RESULTS: It was found that there was a greater risk of breast cancer in overweight or obese women who did not do any physical exercise and either who had breastfed their children for a very short time or who had not breastfed them at all. No significant differences were found between breast cancer and toxic habits. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study found a direct relation between breast cancer and overweight, obesity, and physical inactivity. Breastfeeding during the first months of the baby's life was found to be a protective factor against breast cancer.

[Overweight/obesity in women and its implication in breast cancer: age of diagnosis]. / Sobrepeso/obesidad en mujeres y su implicación en el cáncer de mama: edad de diagnóstico.

UNLABELLED: Overweight, obesity, and breast cancer are three pathologies that are endemic in the world today and which have a great impact on society. Many research studies are currently trying to discover possible associations between these factors and to specify the links between them. OBJECTIVE: To verify whether there is a direct connection between overweight/obesity in women with breast cancer and its relation to age of diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The sample population in this study was composed of 118 women (32-76 years of age) who had been diagnosed and treated for breast cancer in 2009-2011 at the Centro Oncológico Estatal ISSEMyM [National Cancer Institute of Mexico]. An observational, descriptive, and transversal study was performed in which a random sample of n = 60 women was divided into two groups. The first group was composed of women with breast cancer, but who were of normal weight. The second group was composed of women with breast cancer, but who were either overweight or obese. In both groups, the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) was applied, and the BMI (weight and height) was determined as well as waist circumference. RESULTS: A statistically significant relation was found between age of diagnosis and weight (normal/overweight/obese) of the subjects (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained show that overweight and obesity are directly linked to breast cancer and age of diagnosis. Breast cancer was diagnosed earlier in women of normal weight.

[Ceruloplasmin and its clinical relevance as an indactor of cardiovascular risk factor in a school population of Granada]. / Ceruloplasmina y su importancia clínica como factor indicador del riesgo cardiovascular en una población de escolares de Granada.

Also known as ferroxidase ceruloplasmin, belongs to the family of inflammation-sensitive proteins, and its main function to transport copper in the blood. Although, in addition to this transport function, at present, there are numerous studies that have attempted to use the determination of serum concentrations as a predictive indicator of cardiovascular risk in patients who are overweight or obese. The results of this study confirm the existence of a significant correlation between serum ceruloplasmin and nutritional status of the subjects, which means that for the population of students assessed, serum levels of this protein are an important predictor the risk of cardiovascular disease.

[Tuberculosis in 0-14 year-olds in Cuba (1994-2003)]. / Tuberculosis en niños de 0-14 años: Cuba, 1994-2003.

INTRODUCTION: Tuberculosis in infants and children is a sign of continuous transmission. The present article describes the distribution and the trend in incidence rates of new tuberculosis cases in 0-15-year-olds in Cuba. METHODS: Incidence rates and their trend were estimated by provinces and age groups for the 1994-2003 period. Distribution and overall variation percentages, annual average rates, and rates and percentages according to classification were determined. RESULTS: The incidence rate decreased from 0.76 x 10(5) in 1994 to 0.31 in 2003 (59.2% of the overall reduction and 6.6% of the annual average reduction). The highest rate (1.06 x 10(5)) was found in 1995 (26 cases). In almost all provinces, the incidence trend decreased, except in the City of Havana, Sancti Spíritus, Santiago de Cuba, and the Isle of Youth. Childhood tuberculosis was mainly pulmonary (69.6%). Among the affected population, the highest percentages were found in the groups aged 10-14 years (35.6%) and 1-4 years (35.2%). CONCLUSIONS: Tuberculosis is infrequent and is extremely uncommon in infants. Notification is low throughout the country and the overall trend shows a steady decrease.

Induction of a new follicular wave in holstein heifers synchronized with norgestomet.

Treatments with progestin to synchronize the bovine estrous cycle in the absence of the corpus luteum, induces persistence of a dominant follicle and a reduction of fertility at doses commonly utilized. The objective of the present research was to induce a new wave of ovarian follicular development in heifers in which stage of the estrous cycle was synchronized with norgestomet. Holstein heifers (n=30) were used, in which estrus was synchronized using two doses of PGF2alpha i.m. (25 mg each) 11 days apart. Six days after estrus (day 0=day of estrus) heifers received a norgestomet implant (6 mg of norgestomet). On day 12, heifers were injected with 25 mg of PGF2alpha i.m. and assigned to treatments (T1 to T4) as follows: treatment 1, heifers received a second norgestomet implant (T1: N+N, n=6), treatment 2, received 100 microg of GnRH i.m. (T2: N+GnRH, n=6), treatment 3, 200 mg of progesterone i.m. (T3: N+P4, n=6), treatment 4, control treatment with saline solution i.m. (T4: N+SS); in the four treatments (T1 to T4) implants were removed on day 14. For treatment 5, heifers received 100 microg of GnRH i.m. on day 9 and 25 mg of PGF2alpha i.m. (T5: N+GnRH+PGF2alpha) at the time of implant removal (day 16). Ovarian evaluations using ultrasonographic techniques were performed every 48 h from days 3 to 11 and every 24 h from days 11 to 21. Blood samples were collected every 48 h to analyze for progesterone concentration. A new wave of ovarian follicular development was induced in 3/6, 6/6, 3/6, 1/6 and 6/6, and onset of estrus in 6/6, 0/6, 6/6, 6/6 and 6/6 for T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5, respectively. Heifers from T1, T3 and T4 that ovulated from a persistent follicle, showed estrus 37.5 +/- 12.10 h after implant removal and heifers that developed a new wave of ovarian follicular development showed it at 120.28 +/- 22.81 h (P<0.01). Ovulation occurred at 5.92 +/- 1.72 and 2.22 +/- 1.00 days (P<0.01), respectively. Progesterone concentration was <1 ng/ml from days 7 to 15 in T1, T2 and T4; for T3 progesterone concentration was 2.25 +/- 0.50 ng/ml on day 13 and decreased on day 15 to 0.34 +/- 0.12 ng/ml (P<0.01). For T5, progesterone concentration was 1.66 +/- 0.58 ng/ml on day 15. The more desirable results were obtained with T5, in which 100% of heifers had a new wave of ovarian follicular development induced, with onset of estrus and ovulation synchronized in a short time period.