Understanding Health Care Students' Perceptions, Beliefs, and Attitudes Toward AI-Powered Language Models: Cross-Sectional Study.

BACKGROUND: ChatGPT was not intended for use in health care, but it has potential benefits that depend on end-user understanding and acceptability, which is where health care students become crucial. There is still a limited amount of research in this area. OBJECTIVE: The primary aim of our study was to assess the frequency of ChatGPT use, the perceived level of knowledge, the perceived risks associated with its use, and the ethical issues, as well as attitudes toward the use of ChatGPT in the context of education in the field of health. In addition, we aimed to examine whether there were differences across groups based on demographic variables. The second part of the study aimed to assess the association between the frequency of use, the level of perceived knowledge, the level of risk perception, and the level of perception of ethics as predictive factors for participants' attitudes toward the use of ChatGPT. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from May to June 2023 encompassing students of medicine, nursing, dentistry, nutrition, and laboratory science across the Americas. The study used descriptive analysis, chi-square tests, and ANOVA to assess statistical significance across different categories. The study used several ordinal logistic regression models to analyze the impact of predictive factors (frequency of use, perception of knowledge, perception of risk, and ethics perception scores) on attitude as the dependent variable. The models were adjusted for gender, institution type, major, and country. Stata was used to conduct all the analyses. RESULTS: Of 2661 health care students, 42.99% (n=1144) were unaware of ChatGPT. The median score of knowledge was "minimal" (median 2.00, IQR 1.00-3.00). Most respondents (median 2.61, IQR 2.11-3.11) regarded ChatGPT as neither ethical nor unethical. Most participants (median 3.89, IQR 3.44-4.34) "somewhat agreed" that ChatGPT (1) benefits health care settings, (2) provides trustworthy data, (3) is a helpful tool for clinical and educational medical information access, and (4) makes the work easier. In total, 70% (7/10) of people used it for homework. As the perceived knowledge of ChatGPT increased, there was a stronger tendency with regard to having a favorable attitude toward ChatGPT. Higher ethical consideration perception ratings increased the likelihood of considering ChatGPT as a source of trustworthy health care information (odds ratio [OR] 1.620, 95% CI 1.498-1.752), beneficial in medical issues (OR 1.495, 95% CI 1.452-1.539), and useful for medical literature (OR 1.494, 95% CI 1.426-1.564; P<.001 for all results). CONCLUSIONS: Over 40% of American health care students (1144/2661, 42.99%) were unaware of ChatGPT despite its extensive use in the health field. Our data revealed the positive attitudes toward ChatGPT and the desire to learn more about it. Medical educators must explore how chatbots may be included in undergraduate health care education programs.

Prevalence of patients with cleft lip and palate who were treated at the San Borja Arriarán Clinical Hospital in Santiago Chile, within the AUGE Healthcare Plan / Prevalencia de pacientes con fisuras labio palatinas tratadas en el Hospital San Borja Arriarán en Santiago de Chile, en el marco del Plan Auge

Cleft lip and palate (CLP) are congenital defects caused by faulty fusion of the embryonic processes that participate in the formation of oral and nasal cavities, this leads to a number of functional, social and psychological alterations. The incidence is estimated at 1/700 live birth, resulting in a high cost to the public health system. In 2005 these malformations were incorporated in the Regime of Explicit Health Guarantees (Garantías Explícitas en Salud ­ GES), also known as Plan AUGE, a health program developed in Chile, that has been conceived and implemented to guarantee access, quality, protection and recovery for certain pathologies. To determine which clefts are more prevalent in patients who were treated in the Hospital and compare these results are consistent with international literature, along with which gender is more affected and their association with other syndromes. Medical records of 169 patients with CLP were reviewed. Their gender, type of cleft according to its anatomical classification and their association with other syndromes were recorded. Ten percent of the CLP were associated with syndromes, there being a higher prevalence among male infants (56.8%) than females (43.2%). Incidence of cleft lip, with or without cleft palate, was higher than the incidence of isolated cleft palate. CLP has a heterogeneous distribution. This creates the need to know, which clefts are more prevalent in our patients and to compare with other results.

Las Fisuras Labio Palatinas (FLP) son defectos congénitos causados por una mala fusión de los procesos embrionarios que participan en la formación de las cavidades oral y nasal, que generan una seria de alteraciones funcionales, sociales y pscicológicas. La incidencia de las FLP se estima en 1/700 nacidos vivos, lo que genera un importante gasto a nivel de salud pública. En el 2005 éstas malformaciones fueron incorporadas al "Régimen de Garantías Explícitas en Salud (GES)", también conocido como Plan AUGE, éste es un programa de salud concebido y creado para garantizar el acceso, calidad, protección y recuperación de ciertas patologías. Determinar que fisuras con más prevalentes en pacientes que han sido tratados en el Hospital y comparar estos resultados con la literatura internacional, además determinar que género se ve más afectado y si existe asociación con síndromes. Se revisaron las fichas clínicas de 169 pacientes con FLP. Registrándose el género, el tipo FLP de acuerdo a su clasificación anatómica y la asociación con otros síndromes. Resultados: 10% de las FLP presentaban otro síndrome asociado. Hay una mayor incidencia en el género masculino (56,8%) que en el femenino (43.2%). Las fisuras de labio, con o sin compromiso del paladar, son más frecuentes que las fisuras labiales aisladas. Las FLP tienen una distribución heterogénea. Esto crea la necesidad de conocer que fisuras son más prevalentes en nuestros pacientes con el objetivo de compararlos con otros resultados.

Presentación de doble metástasis en territorio máxilo facial: reporte de caso clínico / Double presentation metastasis maxillofacial territory: clinical case report

El presente reporte de caso describe una presentación atípica de metástasis mandibular y cerebral con tumor primario desconocido. Un paciente de sexo masculino de 72 años de edad, presenta aumento de volumen mentoniano de 2 meses de evolución, sin compromiso cutáneo, que apareció simultáneo a tratamiento de exodoncias múltiples. Refiere episodios de remisión respondiendo a tratamiento antibiótico oral. Los estudios inmunohistoquímicos indican que la lesión mandibular es compatible con metástasis de cáncer gástrico, páncreas o vía biliar. Durante el estudio se encuentra por medio del TAC una lesión cerebral correspondiente a metástasis. Este artículo pretende realizar una revisión de la literatura disponible sobre estudio inmunohistoquímico para diagnóstico diferencial de lesiones compatibles con metástasis, frecuencia de los tumores primarios que dan metástasis mandibulares y cuales son los criterios clínicos y la conducta a seguir para su tratamiento.

About 1% of all carcinoma of the oral cavity are metastases of primary tumors elsewhere in the body. Jaw's cancer usually presents in a manner that its clinical characteristics may help the surgeon to recognize it or when the primary tumor has already been diagnosed or even treated. This article shows an atypical presentation of Jaw's cancer without osseous involvement in which during the study with CT scan we found a cerebral lesion that was a metastasis. However studies with immunohistochemistry showed that the Jaw's cancer wasn't the primary tumor.The aim of this article is to review the literature to study by prevalence which could have been the primary tumor that produced both types of metastases, the clinical criteria and the conduct that must be followed for the treatment.