Hábitos alimenticios, nocivos y rendimiento académico en estudiantes universitarios en tiempos de Covid-19

Resumen Los hábitos alimenticios influyen drásticamente en el rendimiento académico universitario, teniendo consecuencias a corto, mediano y largo plazo. Objetivo. Identificar los hábitos alimenticios nocivos y rendimiento académico en estudiantes universitarios en tiempos de Covid-19 en Ecuador-Azogues. Metodología . Estudio descriptivo transversal, población de estudio 623 estudiantes universitarios de la carrera de Medicina, se les aplicó una encuesta, el análisis estadístico se lo realizó mediante SPSS V20. Resultados. El 64,7% corresponden al sexo femenino, 58,3% proceden de la provincia del Cañar, el 82,7 son católicos y el 10,1% presentan bajo rendimiento, de los cuales el 28,6% presentaron sobrepeso y la probabilidad de que estos estudiantes tengan bajo rendimiento fue del 63%. Se demostró también que el 82,5% de estudiantes consumen comida chatarra, existiendo 3 veces (RP 3,12; IC95% 1,88-5,26) más probabilidad de que éstos estudiantes tengan bajo rendimiento, el sexo masculino también presentó 1,6 veces (IC95% 1,04-2,65) más probabilidad de tener bajo rendimiento en comparación con el sexo femenino, mientras que los estudiantes que proceden de las distintas provincias tienen 1,6 veces (RP 1,63; IC95% 1,03-2,63) más probabilidad de tener rendimiento deficiente. Un 85,7% de estudiantes consume alcohol y al menos el 25,4% ha consumido drogas existiendo 2 veces (PR 2; IC95% 1,19-3,44) más probabilidad de que estos estudiantes bajen su rendimiento. Conclusiones. Se determinó que el bajo rendimiento académico está relacionado no solo por el sexo sino también, por la procedencia, la malnutrición, consumo de comida chatarra y uso de drogas incrementando la proporción de estudiantes con bajo rendimiento.

Abstract Eating habits drastically influence university academic performance, having short, medium and long term consequences. Objective. To identify harmful eating habits and academic performance in university students in times of Covid-19 in Ecuador-Azogues. Methodology . Descriptive cross-sectional study, study population 623 university students of the Medicine career, a survey was applied to them, the statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS V20. Results . 64.7% were female, 58.3% were from the province of Cañar, 82.7% were Catholic and 10.1% were underachievers, of which 28.6% were overweight and the probability of these students being underachievers was 63%. It was also shown that 82.5% of students consume junk food, with 3 times (PR 3.12; 95%CI 1.88-5.26) more probability that these students have low performance, the male sex also presented 1.6 times (95%CI 1.04-2.65) more probability of having low performance compared to the female sex, while students coming from the different provinces have 1.6 times (PR 1.63; 95%CI 1.03-2.63) more probability of having poor performance. A 85.7% of students consume alcohol and at least 25.4% have consumed drugs existing 2 times (PR 2; 95%CI 1.19-3.44) more likely that these students have lower performance. Conclusions . It was determined that low academic performance is related not only by gender but also by origin, malnutrition, consumption of junk food and drug use, increasing the proportion of students with low performance.

Resumo Os hábitos alimentares influenciam drasticamente o desempenho acadêmico universitário, tendo conseqüências a curto, médio e longo prazo. Objetivo. Identificar hábitos alimentares prejudiciais e desempenho acadêmico em estudantes universitários durante o período Covid-19 no Equador-Azogues. Metodologia. Estudo descritivo transversal, população estudada 623 estudantes universitários de Medicina, uma pesquisa foi aplicada a eles, a análise estatística foi realizada utilizando o SPSS V20. Resultados. 64,7% eram do sexo feminino, 58,3% eram da província de Cañar, 82,7% eram católicos e 10,1% eram alunos com baixo aproveitamento, dos quais 28,6% tinham excesso de peso, e a probabilidade de esses alunos serem alunos com baixo aproveitamento era de 63%. Também foi demonstrado que 82,5% dos estudantes consomem comida de plástico, com 3 vezes (PR 3,12; 95%CI 1,88-5,26) mais propensos a serem sub-atingidos, os estudantes do sexo masculino também foram 1,6 vezes (95%CI 1,04-2,65) mais propensos a serem sub-atingidos em comparação com os estudantes do sexo feminino, enquanto os estudantes das diferentes províncias foram 1,6 vezes (PR 1,63; 95%CI 1,03-2,63) mais propensos a serem sub-atingidos. 85,7% dos estudantes usam álcool e pelo menos 25,4% usaram drogas sendo 2 vezes (PR 2; 95%CI 1,19-3,44) mais propensos a ter um desempenho mais fraco. Conclusões. Constatou-se que o baixo desempenho acadêmico estava relacionado não apenas por gênero, mas também, por formação, desnutrição, consumo de junk food e uso de drogas, aumentando a proporção de estudantes com baixo desempenho

Immune Response Persistence and Safety of a Booster Dose of the Tetravalent Dengue Vaccine in Adolescents and Adults Who Previously Completed the 3-dose Schedule 4-5 Years Earlier in Latin America: A Randomized Placebo-controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: We previously described an increased immune response 28 days after a booster dose of the live, attenuated, tetravalent dengue vaccine (CYD-TDV) in healthy adolescents and adults in Latin America (CYD64, NCT02623725). This follow-up study evaluated immune response persistence and safety of a CYD-TDV booster dose up to Month (M) 24 post-booster. METHODS: This study included 250 participants who previously received 3 primary doses of CYD-TDV in the CYD13 (NCT00993447) and CYD30 (NCT01187433) studies, and who were randomized 4-5 years later to receive a CYD-TDV booster or placebo (3:1). Dengue neutralizing antibodies against the parental dengue virus strains were assessed using the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT50) at M6, M12, and M24 post-booster. Post-booster memory B-cell responses were assessed in a subset of participants using the FluoroSpot assay up to M12 post-booster. RESULTS: In the CYD-TDV group (n = 187), dengue neutralizing antibody geometric mean titers (GMTs) declined from the peak at day 28 through to M24 for all serotypes. GMTs at M24 were similar to those at pre-booster among baseline dengue seropositives. A similar trend was observed for baseline dengue seronegatives, albeit at a lower magnitude. Previous vaccination-induced detectable B-cell memory responses in seropositives and seronegatives that decreased to pre-booster levels at M12 post-booster. The CYD-TDV booster dose was well-tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: In baseline dengue seropositives, following a CYD-TDV booster dose administered 4-5 years after primary immunization, dengue neutralizing antibody GMTs and B-cell memory responses peaked in the short-term before gradually decreasing over time. A CYD-TDV booster dose could improve protection against dengue during outbreak periods.

Dengue Vaccine Booster in Healthy Adolescents and Adults in Latin America: Evaluation 4-5 Years After a Primary 3-Dose Schedule.

BACKGROUND: The tetravalent dengue vaccine (CYD-TDV, Dengvaxia, Sanofi Pasteur) demonstrated efficacy in 2 previous phase III trials conducted in endemic countries. Neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) elicited by 3 doses of this vaccine have been associated with efficacy. Long-term follow-up data has shown that NAb immune responses tend to wane over time, after the third dose. This study compared the immune response elicited by a booster (4th) dose of CYD-TDV with the immune responses from the same participants obtained post-dose 3 of the primary series administered 4-5 years earlier. METHODS: This multicenter, observer-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, phase II noninferiority trial was conducted in healthy adolescents and adults in dengue endemic countries of Latin America (Colombia, Honduras, Brazil, Mexico and Puerto Rico). All participants had been immunized with 3 doses of CYD-TDV in phase II studies conducted 4-5 years earlier. NAb levels against each dengue virus serotype 28 days postbooster or placebo injection were reported. RESULTS: A total of 187 participants received CYD-TDV and 64 received placebo. Prospectively defined noninferiority criteria for dengue NAbs after the booster dose compared with postdose 3 were met for all 4 serotypes. Prospectively defined superiority criteria were met for 3 of the 4 serotypes. CONCLUSIONS: Antidengue NAb levels can be boosted to levels at least as high as, or higher than those observed after completion of the primary 3-dose series, with an additional dose of CYD-TDV 4-5 years after the standard 3-dose vaccination schedule.

Detection of vaccine-derived polioviruses in Mexico using environmental surveillance.

BACKGROUND: Early detection and control of vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) emergences are essential to secure the gains of polio eradication. METHODS: Serial sewage samples were collected in 4 towns of Mexico before, throughout, and after the May 2010 oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) mass immunization campaign. Isolation and molecular analysis of polioviruses from sewage specimens monitored the duration of vaccine-related strains in the environment and emergence of vaccine-derived polioviruses in a population partially immunized with inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV). RESULTS: Sabin strains were identified up to 5-8 weeks after the campaign in all towns; in Aguascalientes, 1 Sabin 3 was isolated 16 weeks after the campaign, following 7 weeks with no Sabin strains detected. In Tuxtla Gutiérrez, type 2 VDPV was isolated from 4 samples collected before and during the campaign, and type 1 VDPV from 1 sample collected 19 weeks afterward. During 2009-2010, coverage in 4 OPV campaigns conducted averaged only 57% and surveillance for acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) was suboptimal (AFP rate<1 per 100,000 population<15 years of age) in Tuxtla Gutierrez. CONCLUSIONS: VDPVs may emerge and spread in settings with inadequate coverage with IPV/OPV vaccination. Environmental surveillance can facilitate early detection in these settings.