Simulated climate change and atrazine contamination can synergistically impair zebrafish testicular function.

Elements that interfere with reproductive processes can have profound impacts on population and the equilibrium of ecosystems. Global warming represents the major environmental challenge of the 21st century, as it will affect all forms of life in the coming decades. Another coexisting concern is the persistent pollution by pesticides, particularly the herbicide Atrazine (ATZ), which is responsible for a significant number of contamination incidents in surface waters worldwide. While it is hypothesized that climate changes will significantly enhance the toxic effects of pesticides, the actual impact of these phenomena remain largely unexplored. Here, we conducted a climate-controlled room experiment to assess the interactive effects of the projected 2100 climate scenario and environmentally realistic ATZ exposures on the reproductive function of male zebrafish. The gonadosomatic index significantly decreased in fish kept in the extreme scenario. Cellular alterations across spermatogenesis phases led to synergic decreased sperm production and increased germ cell sloughing and death. ATZ exposure alone or combined with climate change effects, disrupted the transcription levels of key genes involved in steroidogenesis, hormone signaling and spermatogenesis regulation. An additive modulation with decreased 11-KT production and increased E2 levels was also evidenced, intensifying the effects of androgen/estrogen imbalance. Moreover, climate change and ATZ independently induced oxidative stress, upregulation of proapoptotic gene and DNA damage in post-meiotic germ cell, but the negative effects of ATZ were greater at extreme scenario. Ultimately, exposure to simulated climate changes severely impaired fertilization capacity, due to a drastic reduction in sperm motility and/or viability. These findings indicate that the future climate conditions have the potential to considerably enhance the toxicity of ATZ at low concentrations, leading to significant deleterious consequences for fish reproductive function and fertility. These may provide relevant information to supporting healthcare and environmental managers in decision-making related to climate changes and herbicide regulation.

Sentimentos vivenciados por graduandos em enfermagem durante o estágio supervisionado / Feelings experienced by nursing students during supervised training / Sentimientos experimentados por los estudiantes de enfermería durante el periodo de practicas

Objetivo: identificar os sentimentos vivenciados pelos alunos durante o Estágio Supervisionado em Enfermagem; caracterizando-os quanto o perfil socioeconômico, correlacionando os sentimentos vivenciados durante a aprendizagem teórico-prático, e às interferências no processo ensino–aprendizagem. Método: estudo de abordagem quali-quantitativa de natureza descritiva e epidemiológica, utilizamos um instrumento semi-estruturado, realizado com os acadêmicos do oitavo e nono períodos do Curso de Graduação em Enfermagem de uma Universidade privada do Sul de Minas Gerais, após aprovação da instituição de ensino e do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa (0118.0.213.000-09). Resultados: a análise dos dados quantitativos foi através da estatística descritiva e os qualitativos através da Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin. Os resultados revelaram que a maioria dos alunos tinha idades entre 22 e 26 anos; eram do sexo feminino, solteiros, sem filhos e não trabalhavam na área, além disso, os resultados expuseram que o curso de enfermagem havia sido a primeira opção na hora da escolha do curso. Do total, 16 (23,9%) já pensaram em desistir por falta de tempo para se dedicar ao mesmo. Em relação aos sentimentos vivenciados durante o estágio supervisionado, emergiram duas categorias: Satisfação, sentimentos de utilidade social e Sentimentos conflitantes. Quanto aos sentimentos em relação ao curso e à vida profissional surgiram Sentimentos de temor, Sentimentos contraditórios e de Satisfação. Conclusão: recomenda-se que as instituições de ensino despertem nos docentes sobre importância da interação com os acadêmicos na melhora do ensino aprendizagem, e que os alunos possam ter apoio psicopedagógicos durante a graduação, para que minimizem o sofrimento auxiliando-os durante os conflitos vivenciados.(AU)

Objective: to identify the feelings experienced by students during supervised training in Nursing, characterizing them according to their socioeconomic characteristics, correlating the feelings experienced during the theoretical and practical learning, and towards the interference in the teaching-learning process. Method: this descriptive, epidemiology, qualiquantitative study was performed using a semi-structured instrument. It was conducted with eighth- and ninth-semester nursing undergraduates of a private university in Southern Minas Gerais. The study was approved by the institution and the respective Research Ethics Review Board (0118.0.213.000-09). Results: the quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while Bardin's content analysis was used for the qualitative data. Most students were between 22 to 26 years old, female, unmarried, without children and not working in the nursing area. In addition, it was revealed that the nursing program had been the student's first choice among university courses. Of the total, 16 (23.9%) have thought about quitting because of a lack of time. In relation to the feelings experienced during the supervised training, two categories emerged: satisfaction, feelings of social utility and conflicting feelings. As for the subjects' feelings towards the course and professional life, the following categories emerged: Feelings of fear, contradictory feelings, and feelings of satisfaction. Conclusion: educational institutions should build faculty awareness regarding the effect that student interaction has on improving the teaching-learning process, and that students should receive psychopedagogical support to minimize suffering by helping them during conflicts.(AU)

Objetivo: identificar los sentimientos experimentados por los estudiantes durante el periodo de practicas en Enfermería, caracterizándolos como el socioeconómico, la correlación de los sentimientos experimentados durante el aprendizaje teórico-práctico, y la injerencia en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Método: se trata de un enfoque de la investigación epidemiológica cualitativo-cuantitativo y descriptivo, se utiliza un instrumento semi-estructurado. Se llevó a cabo con los estudiantes del octavo semestre y el noveno de la enfermería de una universidad privada del sur de Minas Gerais, después de la aprobación por la institución y el Comité de Ética de la Investigación (0118.0.213.000-09). Resultados: el análisis cuantitativo, mediante estadística descriptiva y datos cualitativos a través del análisis de contenido de Bardin. Los resultados revelaron que la mayoría de los estudiantes tenían entre 22 y 26 años, sexo femenino, soltera, sin hijos y no trabajan en la zona, además, los resultados mostraron que el programa de enfermería había sido la primera opción en el momento de elección, por supuesto. Del total, 16 (23,9%) han pensado en dejar de fumar debido a la falta de tiempo para dedicarse a ella. En relación a los sentimientos experimentados durante el entrenamiento supervisado, emergieron dos categorías: la satisfacción, el sentimiento de utilidad social y los sentimientos en conflicto. En cuanto a los sentimientos hacia el campo y llegó a la vida sentimientos de miedo, sentimientos de satisfacción y contradictorias. Conclusión: se recomienda que las instituciones educativas a raíz de la importancia de la interacción docente con los estudiantes en la mejora de la enseñanza y el aprendizaje y que los estudiantes pueden tener durante su psicología de la educación de pregrado, para minimizar el sufrimiento, ayudándoles en los conflictos con experiencia.(AU)