Psychological Adjustment in Adult Adoptees: A Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Little is known about the effect adoption status has on psychological adjustment (for instance, depression, anxiety, problem behaviour, or drug misuse) in adulthood. The aim of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis to study the impact of adoption status on adult adoptees' psychological adjustment. METHOD: The review included 18 quasi-experimental studies conducted between 1993 and 2019. RESULTS: Adoptees had significantly worse psychological adjustment than non-adoptees across all outcomes, except for the obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and antisocial personality disorder (APD). The moderating analyses showed a significant effect for ethnicity and marital status. CONCLUSIONS: Our results shed light on the specific groups of adoptees at a higher risk of maladjustment. The outcomes most strongly influenced by adoptive status were angry emotions (hostility and anger), psychiatric care, drug abuse, and psychotic symptoms. These findings have clinical implications with regard to the support that practitioners can provide to adoptees and their families.

Custody and child symptomatology in high conflict divorce: an analysis of latent profiles / Custodia y Sintomatología de los Hijos en Divorcios Altamente Conflictivos: Análisis de Perfiles Latentes

BACKGROUND: There is much controversy about the impact of joint physical custody on child symptomatology in the context of high interparental conflict. In this study we analyzed child symptomatology with person-centered methodology, identifying differential profiles, considering post-divorce custody, parental symptomatology, and coparenting variables. We examined the association between these profiles and child symptomatology, as well as the mediating role of parenting in that association. METHOD: The participants were 303 divorced or separated Spanish parents with high interparental conflict. We used the study of latent profiles and the INDIRECT procedure in Mplus. We also controlled for the variables age and number of children, new partners, frequency of the relationship with the ex-partner, time elapsed since the divorce, and gender of the parent. RESULTS: From the parents' perspective, the profile characterized by low parental symptomatology and high coparenting, regardless of the type of custody, was related to children exhibiting less somatic, anxious, and depressive symptomatology, and aggressive behavior. The mediating role of parenting was also identified. CONCLUSIONS: Parental symptomatology, coparenting, and parenting are essential for understanding post-divorce child symptomatology and the study highlights importance of person-centered multidimensional models

ANTECEDENTES: existe una gran controversia acerca del impacto de la custodia física compartida en la sintomatología infantil en contexto de alto conflicto interparental. El presente estudio analizó la sintomatología infantil a través de una metodología centrada en la persona, identificando perfiles diferenciales al considerar las variables custodia postdivorcio, sintomatología parental y coparentalidad. Se analizó la asociación entre estos perfiles y la sintomatología infantil, así como el papel mediador de la parentalidad. MÉTODO: participaron 303 progenitores españoles divorciados o separados con alto conflicto interparental. Se empleó el estudio de perfiles latentes y el procedimiento INDIRECT Mplus, controlando las variables edad, número de hijos/as, nuevas parejas estables, frecuencia de relación entre progenitores, tiempo transcurrido desde el divorcio y género del/a progenitor/a. RESULTADOS: desde la perspectiva de los progenitores, el perfil caracterizado por baja sintomatología parental y alta coparentalidad, independientemente del tipo de custodia, se relacionó con menor sintomatología somática y ansioso-depresiva de hijos/as, y con menor comportamiento agresivo. Se confirmó el papel mediador de la parentalidad. CONCLUSIONES: se identifica la sintomatología parental, la coparentalidad y la parentalidad como variables fundamentales para comprender la sintomatología infantil postdivorcio, así como la relevancia de emplear modelos multidimensionales centrados en la persona

Custody and Child Symptomatology in High Conflict Divorce: An Analysis of Latent Profiles.

BACKGROUND: There is much controversy about the impact of joint physical custody on child symptomatology in the context of high interparental conflict. In this study we analyzed child symptomatology with person-centered methodology, identifying differential profiles, considering post-divorce custody, parental symptomatology, and coparenting variables. We examined the association between these profiles and child symptomatology, as well as the mediating role of parenting in that association. METHOD: The participants were 303 divorced or separated Spanish parents with high interparental conflict. We used the study of latent profiles and the INDIRECT procedure in Mplus. We also controlled for the variables age and number of children, new partners, frequency of the relationship with the ex-partner, time elapsed since the divorce, and gender of the parent. RESULTS: From the parents' perspective, the profile characterized by low parental symptomatology and high coparenting, regardless of the type of custody, was related to children exhibiting less somatic, anxious, and depressive symptomatology, and aggressive behavior. The mediating role of parenting was also identified. CONCLUSIONS: Parental symptomatology, coparenting, and parenting are essential for understanding post-divorce child symptomatology and the study highlights importance of person-centered multidimensional models.

Psychological Adjustment in Adult Adoptees: A Meta-Analysis / Ajuste Psicológico en Adultos Adoptados/as: un Meta-análisis

Background: Little is known about the effect adoption status has on psychological adjustment (for instance, depression, anxiety, problem behaviour, or drug misuse) in adulthood. The aim of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis to study the impact of adoption status on adult adoptees’ psychological adjustment. Method: The review included 18 quasi-experimental studies conducted between 1993 and 2019. Results: Adoptees had significantly worse psychological adjustment than non-adoptees across all outcomes, except for the obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and antisocial personality disorder (APD). The moderating analyses showed a significant effect for ethnicity and marital status. Conclusions: Our results shed light on the specific groups of adoptees at a higher risk of maladjustment. The outcomes most strongly influenced by adoptive status were angry emotions (hostility and anger), psychiatric care, drug abuse, and psychotic symptoms. These findings have clinical implications with regard to the support that practitioners can provide to adoptees and their families. (AU)

Antecedentes: sabemos poco sobre el efecto que la condición adoptiva tiene en el ajuste psicológico (por ejemplo, depresión, ansiedad, conducta problemática o abuso de drogas) en la etapa adulta. El objetivo de este estudio es realizar un meta-análisis sobre el impacto que la condición adoptiva tiene en el ajuste psicológico de adultos adoptados. Método: esta revisión incluyó 18 estudios cuasi-experimentales llevados a cabo entre 1993 y 2019. Resultados: los adultos adoptados presentaron más dificultades en todos los indicadores analizados, salvo en el trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo (TOC) y en el trastorno antisocial de la personalidad (TAP). Los análisis de moderación indicaron un efecto significativo para el grupo étnico y estado marital. Conclusiones: nuestros resultados arrojan luz sobre los grupos específicos con un riesgo más alto para las dificultades psicológicas. Los indicadores más fuertemente influenciados por la condición adoptiva fueron las emociones negativas, acceso a servicios psiquiátricos, consumo de drogas y síntomas psicóticos. Estos resultados tienen implicaciones clínicas en cuanto al apoyo que los profesionales puedan dar a las personas adoptadas y sus familias. (AU)

La dirección del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje virtual universitario durante la pandemia de COVID-19 / A direção do processo de ensino-aprendizagem virtual da universidade durante a pandemia COVID-19 / Management of the virtual teaching learning proccess in universities during COVID-19 pandemic

Introducción: La enseñanza y el aprendizaje es una preocupación constante de maestros y estudiantes. Sigue siendo una necesidad su abordaje desde diferentes posiciones teórico-metodológicas, más aún ante lo acontecido en el mundo por la pandemia de COVID-19, crisis que también incidió directamente sobre maestros, escuelas y estudiantes. Objetivo: Ofrecer un sistema de sugerencias metodológicas, que faciliten desde el punto de vista de la fisiológico, higiénico, pedagógico y didáctico, dirigir el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en la educación superior. Método: Se utilizaron como métodos investigativos, la sistematización teórica y experiencia pedagógica, se han analizado diferentes literaturas científicas y experiencias sobre la temática, para asumir una postura que permita continuar desarrollando el proceso formativo. Resultados: Los principales resultados obtenidos de ambos métodos están en el orden teórico y metodológico, relacionados con la dirección del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, tomando en consideración las experiencias pedagógicas desarrolladas en este tiempo de pandemia por las universidades de Sonora y la Universidad de Guantánamo. Conclusiones: En las condiciones actuales por la pandemia el maestro no cede su puesto directivo, sino que lo hace desde las condiciones imperantes de virtualidad. Se trata de logar un estudiante independiente cognoscitivamente que pueda vencer el sistema de objetivos-contenidos-habilidades-valores que exige su carrera desde el aula virtual(AU).

Introduction: Teaching and learning process is in a constant concern by teachers and students. This aspect is still a need to be approach with from different theoretical-methodological positions, especially in view of what happened in the world due to COVID-19 pandemic, a crisis that also had a direct impact on professors, schools and students. Objective: To offer a methodological suggestions system, which facilitate from a physiological, hygienic, pedagogical and didactic point of view, the management of the teaching-learning process in higher education. Method: Theoretical systematization and pedagogic experience were used as research methods, and different scientific literature and experiences on the subject were analyzed in order to assume a position that will allow us to continue developing the training process. Results: The main outcomes obtained from both methods were founded in the theoretical and methodological order, both related to the management of the teaching-learning process, taking into consideration the pedagogic experiences developed at the Universidad de Sonora and Universidad de Guantanamo during this period of pandemic. Conclusions: In the current conditions due to the pandemic, the professor does not give up his management position, but does it from the prevailing conditions of virtuality. The aim is to achieve a cognitively self-sufficient student who can overcome the system of objectives, content, skills and values that his or her career demands from the virtual classroom(AU).

Introdução: Ensinar e aprender é uma preocupação constante de professores e alunos. A sua abordagem a partir de diferentes posicionamentos teórico-metodológicos continua a ser uma necessidade, ainda mais face ao que aconteceu no mundo devido à pandemia do COVID-19, crise que também teve impacto direto em professores, escolas e alunos. Objetivo: Oferecer um sistema de sugestões metodológicas que facilitem do ponto de vista fisiológico, higiênico, pedagógico e didático, direcionando o processo de ensino-aprendizagem no ensino superior. Método: Utilizaram-se como métodos investigativos a sistematização teórica e a vivência pedagógica, foram analisadas diferentes literaturas e experiências científicas sobre o assunto, para assumir uma postura que permita continuar desenvolvendo o processo formativo. Resultados: Os principais resultados obtidos com ambos os métodos encontram-se na ordem teórico-metodológica, relacionados ao direcionamento do processo ensino-aprendizagem, levando em consideração as experiências pedagógicas desenvolvidas neste tempo de pandemia pelas universidades de Sonora e da Universidad de Guantánamo. Conclusões: Nas condições atuais devido à pandemia, o professor não abre mão de seu cargo gerencial, mas o faz a partir das condições de virtualidade vigentes. Trata-se de alcançar um aluno cognitivamente independente que consiga superar o sistema de objetivos-conteúdo-habilidades-valores que sua carreira exige da sala de aula virtual(AU).

Buying-shopping disorder, emotion dysregulation, coping and materialism: a comparative approach with gambling patients and young people and adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: The comorbidity between gambling disorder (GD) and buying-shopping disorder (BSD) has led to explore the core features that could be interacting between them. The main aim of this study was to examine the differences in both conditions considering emotion dysregulation, coping and materialism, as well as the relationship between these variables and their interaction with age and sex. METHODS: A community sample (n = 281 adolescents) and a sample of individuals with GD (n = 31) was compared. Both samples were split into a group with BSD and a group without it. RESULTS: The prevalence of participants who met the criteria for BSD was higher in the GD sample than in the community sample; the GD sample also presented higher values in the psychological variables studied. In the community sample group, positive associations were found between BSD severity and materialism and emotion dysregulation levels. In the GD sample, BSD severity was higher for participants who reported higher levels in materialism and lower scores in coping strategies. Variables impacted BSD severity differently according to sex and age covariates. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the interaction of the variables could be useful to design prevention and treatment approaches addressed to specific groups of age and sex. KEY POINTS Buying-shopping disorder (BSD) has been compared in clinical and community samples. The clinical sample was constituted by Gambling disorder (GD) patients. The variables emotion dysregulation, coping and materialism have been considered. Variables impacted BSD severity differently according to sex and age covariates.

Transnational links and family functioning in reunited Latin American families: Premigration variables' impact.

OBJECTIVES: Transnational ties refer to the affective, communicative, and economic relationships that migrant families build between the societies of origin and destination. Investigations of such ties are very scarce. In the present study, focused on Latin American migrant women, transnational ties are considered a protective factor of family functioning, conditioned by premigratory variables. The working hypothesis is that increased frequency of reunited mothers' communication with and remittances to their children during the period of separation prior to the reunion will be linked to better communication, cohesion, flexibility, satisfaction, and family resources, according to the reunited mothers' perception. METHOD: The sample consisted of 81 mothers of Latin American reunited families. Most of them (61.7%) have 2 or 3 children and 75.3% have already reunited all of their children in Bizkaia. The frequency of communication between family members in the societies of origin and destination and the frequency of remittances were the transnational variables. To observe family functioning, we used the Circumplex Model. A mediation model was tested through structural equation modeling. RESULTS: The results of the study confirmed the mediator role of the transnational variables, especially the frequency of transnational communications, partially or fully moderating the impact of the premigratory variables, and positively associated with family functioning, in terms of greater cohesion, flexibility, communication, satisfaction, and perception of resources. CONCLUSIONS: This study has highlighted the role of these ties, which lead to more functional family dynamics. It is necessary to promote new forms of transnational communication that favor subsequent family reunification. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

The prevalence and impact of child maltreatment and other types of victimization in the UK: findings from a population survey of caregivers, children and young people and young adults.

OBJECTIVES: To measure the prevalence of maltreatment and other types of victimization among children, young people, and young adults in the UK; to explore the risks of other types of victimization among maltreated children and young people at different ages; using standardized scores from self-report measures, to assess the emotional wellbeing of maltreated children, young people, and young adults taking into account other types of childhood victimization, different perpetrators, non-victimization adversities and variables known to influence mental health. METHODS: A random UK representative sample of 2,160 parents and caregivers, 2,275 children and young people, and 1,761 young adults completed computer-assisted self-interviews. Interviews included assessment of a wide range of childhood victimization experiences and measures of impact on mental health. RESULTS: 2.5% of children aged under 11 years and 6% of young people aged 11-17 years had 1 or more experiences of physical, sexual, or emotional abuse, or neglect by a parent or caregiver in the past year, and 8.9% of children under 11 years, 21.9% of young people aged 11-17 years, and 24.5% of young adults had experienced this at least once during childhood. High rates of sexual victimization were also found; 7.2% of females aged 11-17 and 18.6% of females aged 18-24 reported childhood experiences of sexual victimization by any adult or peer that involved physical contact (from sexual touching to rape). Victimization experiences accumulated with age and overlapped. Children who experienced maltreatment from a parent or caregiver were more likely than those not maltreated to be exposed to other forms of victimization, to experience non-victimization adversity, a high level of polyvictimization, and to have higher levels of trauma symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: The past year maltreatment rates for children under age 18 were 7-17 times greater than official rates of substantiated child maltreatment in the UK. Professionals working with children and young people in all settings should be alert to the overlapping and age-related differences in experiences of childhood victimization to better identify child maltreatment and prevent the accumulative impact of different victimizations upon children's mental health.

Coping as a mediator and moderator between intimate partner violence and symptoms of anxiety and depression.

This study examines the role of coping as both a moderator and a mediator of the association between intimate partner violence and women's mental health. A sample of 298 women who had suffered physical aggression completed measures of physical and psychological abuse, coping responses, and symptoms of anxiety and depression. Tests of moderation consistently indicated that coping responses did not moderate the impact of intimate partner violence on symptoms of anxiety and depression, whereas tests of mediation demonstrated that disengagement coping mediated the impact of psychological abuse on distress. Thus, findings support the hypothesis that coping responses are influenced by violence itself and underline the dysfunctional nature of disengagement coping among victims.

Cognitive and coping mechanisms in the interplay between intimate partner violence and depression.

This study examined the association between intimate partner violence, maladaptive cognitive schemas, coping, and depression in a sample of 298 battered women. The results indicated that maladaptive cognitive schemas were associated with less use of primary and secondary engagement coping, and higher use of disengagement coping. In particular, cognitive schemas reflecting disconnection and rejection accounted for the association between psychological abuse and percentage of disengagement coping. In addition, disengagement coping partially mediated between cognitive schemas and depressive symptoms. Finally, the role of cognitive schemas as personal constraints that affect the choice of coping and the implications for interventions with victims are discussed.

Factor structure and validity of the revised conflict tactics scales for Spanish women.

This study focused on the factor structure of the victimization form of the Revised Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS2). A sample of 1,266 women participated in the study, including a subgroup of battered women. Results of confirmatory factor analysis supported a model that integrates the five original scales with the severity of violence (minor, severe). In addition, the distinction between minor and severe forms of violence was supported by correlations between subscales. Except for minor injury, all of the scales and subscales presented good internal consistency. Comparisons between battered women and community women indicated significant differences in all scales and subscales.

[Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and its relationship with negative cognitive schemas in battered women]. / Trastorno por estrés postraumático y su relación con esquemas cognitivos disfuncionales en mujeres maltratadas.

This study assessed the association between Posttraumatic Stress Disorder symptoms (PTSD) and maladaptive cognitive schemas among intimate partner violence victims. The sample comprised 114 women from specialized services for victims, who completed measures of physical aggression, sexual abuse, psychological abuse, PTSD, and cognitive schemas. Results showed that 67.54% of women met the diagnostic criteria of PTSD. These women endorsed higher levels of schemas related to mistrust/abuse, vulnerability to harm, defectiveness, shame, enmeshment, abandonment and dependence. A structural equation model showed that the relationship between violence and cognitive schemas was fully mediated by the PTSD symptoms. Finally, the clinical implications of the results are discussed.

Trastorno por estrés postraumático y su relación con esquemas cognitivos disfuncionales en mujeres maltratadas / Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and its relationship with negative cognitive schemas in battered women

Este estudio evaluó la asociación entre síntomas del Trastorno por Estrés Postraumático (TEP) y esquemas cognitivos disfuncionales en víctimas de violencia por parte de la pareja. En el estudio participaron 114 mujeres atendidas por servicios especializados para víctimas, las cuales completaron medidas de agresión física, abuso sexual, abuso psicológico, TEP y esquemas cognitivos. Los resultados mostraron que el 67.54% de las mujeres cumplían criterios para diagnóstico de TEP. Estas mujeres puntuaron más alto en esquemas cognitivos con contenidos referentes al abuso, vulnerabilidad al daño, imperfección, culpa, apego, abandono y dependencia. Un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales mostró que la asociación entre violencia y esquemas cognitivos estaba completamente mediada por la presencia de síntomas de TEP. Finalmente, se discutieron las implicaciones clínicas de estos resultados

This study assessed the association between Posttraumatic Stress Disorder symptoms (PTSD) and maladaptive cognitive schemas among intimate partner violence victims. The sample comprised 114 women from specialized services for victims, who completed measures of physical aggression, sexual abuse, psychological abuse, PTSD, and cognitive schemas. Results showed that 67.54% of women met the diagnostic criteria of PTSD. These women endorsed higher levels of schemas related to mistrust/abuse, vulnerability to harm, defectiveness, shame, enmeshment, abandonment and dependence. A structural equation model showed that the relationship between violence and cognitive schemas was fully mediated by the PTSD symptoms. Finally, the clinical implications of the results are discussed

Intimate partner violence and depressive symptoms in women: cognitive schemas as moderators and mediators.

In this study the role of cognitive schemas as moderators and mediators between intimate partner violence and depressive symptoms was examined. The sample consisted of 312 women who had suffered an abusive relationship. Participants completed measures of physical, psychological and sexual abuse, maladaptive cognitive schemas (disconnection and rejection, autonomy, and other-directedness), and depression. The evidence for a moderation effect was low and mainly restricted to schemas of the impaired autonomy domain. In contrast, the results supported mediational models in which violence was associated to the cognitive schemas, and these in turn were associated to depressive symptoms. Mediation was partial, with the schemas of the disconnection and rejection domain explaining most of the association between violence and depression. Finally, several explanations for these findings are examined, and their implications for the concept and measure of the cognitive schemas are discussed.

Evaluación de la violencia en las relaciones de pareja mediante las escalas de tácticas para conflictos: estructura factorial y diferencias de género en jóvenes / Assessment of violence in intimate relationships by means of the Conflict Tactics Scales: Factor structure and gender differences in youngsters

En este estudio se evaluó la estructura factorial de las Escalas de Tácticas para Conflictos (CTS2) en una muestra de 1.130 jóvenes universitarios. Los análisis factoriales confirmaron la estructura original de cinco factores (negociación, agresión física, agresión psicológica, coerción sexual y lesiones) para prescindir de la escala de lesiones por falta de respuestas afirmativas en la mayoría de sus ítems. Los resultados mostraron diferencias de género para prevalencia y frecuencia anuales en las conductas de violencia. Las mujeres presentaron mayores puntuaciones en agresión psicológica tanto por parte de ellas mismas como de sus parejas y un mayor porcentaje de mujeres reconoció haber empleado la violencia física contra su pareja. En cambio, en lo referente a la coerción sexual, el patrón se invierte y las mujeres fueron en mayor medida víctimas de este tipo de violencia

In the study the factor structure of the Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS2) was assessed in a simple of 1130 university students. Factor analyses confirmed the original five- factor structure (negotiation, physical assault, psychological abuse, sexual coercion, and injury) for victimization. The results for perpetration were partial, because the injury scale was dropped due to the lack of positive answers to most of the items in the scale. Results showed differences by gender in prevalence and annual frequencies for violent acts. Women showed higher score in perpetration as well as in victimization and a higher percentage of women reported having used physical violence against their male partners. On the other hand, regarding sexual violence, the pattern reversed and women were more often than men victims of this type of violence

Desarrollo de un inventario para evaluar el abuso psicológico en las relaciones de pareja / Development of an inventory to assess psychological abuse among people living together

El objetivo de este estudio fue desarrollar un inventario breve para evaluar el abuso psicológico en el contexto de las relaciones de pareja (IAPRP). Participaron dos muestras de mujeres: 1.042 mujeres procedentes de la comunidad y 117 mujeres atendidas en servicios para víctimas de violencia doméstica. Estas contestaron el IAPRP junto al CTS2 y medidas de ansiedad y depresión. Los resultados apoyaron una estructura unidimensional para el IAPRP con una buena consistencia interna. Las mujeres de la muestra de víctimas obtuvieron puntuaciones más altas en todos los indicadores de abuso psicológico (frecuencia total anual, prevalencia y cronicidad) que las de la comunidad. Las puntuaciones del IAPRP correlacionaron consistentemente con las escalas del CTS2 y con los síntomas de ansiedad y depresión

The aim of this was to develop a brief inventory to assess the psychological abuse among people living together (IAPRP). Participants were groups of women: 1,042 community women and 117 women using the services for victims of domestic violence. They completed the IAPRP along with the CTS2 and measures of depression and anxiety. The results supported a one-factor structure for the IAPRP with good internal consistency. Battered women showed higher scores than did community women in all indexes of psychological abuse (i.e., annual frequency, prevalence and chronicity). IAPRP scores correlated significantly with the CTS2 scales and with symptoms of depression and anxiety