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Objective: To evaluate the moral distress (MD)in health professionals of pediatric and adult units to show how the complexity of care in the pediatric field causes the professionals who carry out their activity in these units to present a higher level of moral distress and a worse climate ethical. Design: Observational study with health professionals who currently work in Spanish Hospitals. Methods: A 58-item questionnaire was electronically distributed which included sociodemographic and employment characteristics, the Spanish version of the Measure of Moral Unrest for Healthcare Professionals (MMD-HP-SPA) and the Hospital Ethical Climate Survey (HECS). Results: A total of 169 health professionals completed the questionnaire. The moral distress was significantly higher among nurses than among physicians and nursing assistant care technicians. Focusing on the type of unit, moral distress it was only significantly higher for those physicians treating adult patients compared to those treating pediatric patients. Regarding the total score of the HECS survey, the medical group shows higher scores compared to the nursing group. Conclusion: Statistically significant differences have been found only in the medical group that treats adult patients, presenting a higher level of moral unrests than the pediatrician group. The MMD-HP-SPA questionnaire is a valid and useful instrument to detect MD in our hospital units in order to be able to implement strategies/interventions that improve the ethical climate and other factors that can mitigate and prevent this MD.
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BACKGROUND: Here we report the reliability and test/re-test validity of a Castillan version of the PCL-5 (PCL5-C) in mental health nurses. METHODS: A sample of 52 consecutive nurses was recruited from two psychiatric hospitals and four psychiatrists units of general hospitals in Madrid, Spain. RESULTS: We detected high internal consistency for the study questionnaire at the test assessment (n = 52) and at retest 0.929 and 0.935, respectively, by total Cronbach's α. All of the items at test and re-test correlated with the total score. CONCLUSIONS: Reproducibility analysis showed excellent test/re-test reliability for the total score and each item. Based on our findings, we conclude that the PCL5-C is a valid and reliable questionnaire when applied among Spanish mental health nurses population.
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Lista de Checagem , Enfermagem Psiquiátrica , Psicometria , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos , Humanos , Espanha , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Feminino , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/diagnóstico , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto , Masculino , Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: This research evaluated whether the relationships between factors of resilience, self-esteem, depression, and anxiety in dental students with changes in teaching and learning methods. We also studied the psychological impact of face-to-face lectures during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: This cross-sectional descriptive study used Google Forms to collect data with the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE), Connor-Davidson Risk Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI and BDI-II). An open-ended question was also asked about important learning difficulties. RESULTS: The analysis revealed very high levels of resilience (30.23 ± 5.84), self-esteem in the normal range (29.08 ± 4.03), minimal depression levels (12.32 ± 8.05), and low anxiety levels (17.20 ± 12.41). There were no significant differences between sociodemographic variables ranges in regard to all psychological questionnaires. No high levels of depression and anxiety were found. CONCLUSIONS: The levels were low compared to other studies in which online teaching was used, which is explained by the fact that the students retained adequate resilience and self-esteem thanks to being able to contact teachers and, above all, their own peers.
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Ansiedade , COVID-19 , Depressão , Resiliência Psicológica , Autoimagem , Estudantes de Odontologia , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/psicologia , Estudos Transversais , Estudantes de Odontologia/psicologia , Feminino , Masculino , Depressão/epidemiologia , Depressão/psicologia , Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Educação em Odontologia , Pandemias , Educação a Distância , SARS-CoV-2 , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The myofascial induction technique (MIT) has been shown to increase shoulder range of motion (ROM) in breast cancer survivors and decrease pain pressure threshold over the radial nerve in patients with epicondylalgia. To the authors' best knowledge, no study on trigger points and MIT has been published to date. The effect on ROM of latent trigger points is also unknown. METHODS: A total of 20 twins with one latent trigger point of the gastrocnemius muscle were evaluated pre- and post-MIT in the calf. We measured static footprint variables in a pre-post study. RESULTS: We found differences in PPT (p = 0.001) and no differences in ROM with knee flexed (p = 0.420) or stretched (p = 0.069). CONCLUSIONS: After Calf MIT, latent myofascial trigger points improve PPT but no change in ankle dorsiflexion with knee bent or knee flexed were found in non-restriction healthy subjects.
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BACKGROUND: The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has prompted several changes in the learning methods of students. The purpose of this study was to establish whether a relationship between levels of resilience, self-esteem, anxiety, depression, and academic stress in both hybrid and virtual learning education exist. METHODS: A descriptive and observational case-control study was carried out in universities that offer nursing designation. A total sample of 140 freshman nursing students was recruited. Concretely, 70 participants were recruited from an university receiving hybrid education and 70 participants were recruited from another university receiving virtual learning education. Nursing students self-reported the following questionnaires: the Rosenberg Self-Esteem scale, the 10 CD-Risk Connor-Davidson Risk Resilience Scale, the Beck Anxiety Inventory, the Beck Depression Inventory and the Academic Stress Coping Scale. RESULTS: Significant differences (P = 0.001) showed higher depression levels for students who received virtual education versus received hybrid education. Differences in Rosenberg test for self-esteem and Beck Anxiety Inventory for anxiety (P > 0.05) were not found. CONCLUSION: Students who received online education presented higher depression levels which could be due to they had not face-to-face relationships with teachers or classmates, whereas the hybrid education group received a different type of direct interaction with teachers and peers.
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BACKGROUND: Tandem breastfeeding is defined as a situation in which a mother continues breastfeeding her child through a subsequent pregnancy, including after the new baby is born. In some countries where motherhood may be delayed and the time between births may be reduced, support for the promotion of tandem breastfeeding is necessary to help mothers continue to breastfeed their eldest child and avoid early weaning. There is no existing research about mothers' motivations to breastfeed in tandem. RESEARCH AIM: To explore the motivations of women to initiate and maintain tandem breastfeeding, based on their lived experience, framed within the self-determination theory. METHODS: A prospective, cross-sectional, interpretive, phenomenological study was carried out through in-depth interviews with 15 mothers in Madrid, who had practiced tandem breastfeeding for more than 6 months, and whose weaning of their eldest child had occurred within the previous year. Convenience and snowball sampling were used. The data were analyzed using an established interpretive phenomenological analysis process. RESULTS: Among the motivations for initiating tandem breastfeeding, the following themes were identified: "avoid wasting the effort invested," "desire such life experience," and "exercise the freedom to decide." The motivations for maintaining tandem breastfeeding were classified as "pass on parenting values" and "benefits of teamwork." CONCLUSION: The participants based their motivation to tandem breastfeed to follow their freely chosen motherhood model. They discovered the advantages of its implementation, forming a team of themselves and their children, and healing their traumatic perinatal experiences.
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Aleitamento Materno , Motivação , Lactente , Gravidez , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Estudos Transversais , Estudos Prospectivos , Mães , Pesquisa QualitativaRESUMO
This study explores a range of informal health-seeking behaviors, including the use of Fang Traditional Medicine (FTM) for medical or cultural afflictions in Equatorial Guinea (EQ), the therapeutic methods used, the health problems handled, the learning process, traditional medicine user profiles and the social images of Fang Traditional Healers (FTHs). Ethnography was employed as a qualitative strategy using emic-etic approaches. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 45 individuals, including 6 community leaders, 19 tribal elders, 7 healthcare professionals, 11 FTHs and 2 relatives of traditional healers in 5 districts of EQ. FTM offers a cure for malaria and treatments for reproductive health issues, bone fractures and cultural illnesses. Several methods used to learn FTM are based on empirical observation, and without the need for traditional schooling, unlike with Western medical professionals: for example, watching a family member, or the spirits or ancestors, can reveal healing knowledge. Materials from forests, including tree barks and plants, and rituals are used to keep Fang populations healthy; in addition, two rituals known as "osuiñ" and "etoak" (infusions of tree barks with the blood of sacrificed animals) are the most commonly used treatments. In addition, elders and women are the most active consumers of FTM. FTM plays a relevant role in curing medical and cultural afflictions in Fang communities. The informal health-seeking behavior among the Fang community is conditioned by the explanation model of illness.
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Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) is a chronic condition characterized by the appearance of symptoms caused by exposure to chemical compounds that are tolerable for the general population. It mainly affects middle-aged women. There are very few studies focusing on the most frequent symptoms of MCS considering age groups and gender. The main goal of this study was to find the most frequent symptoms both at the onset of the disease and at the present time describing them by age groups. The QEESI (Quick Environmental Exposure and Sensitivity Inventory) questionnaire, Scale 3 which assesses symptoms and their severity, was used as a diagnostic tool for the disease. A case-control study was conducted with the participation of 210 people. Of the cases, 94.3% were women. The symptoms that most often manifested first were airway and mucous membrane alterations (68.9%). In the development of the disease, we found cognitive alterations (OR = 31.25), heart or chest problems (OR = 22.49), neuromuscular problems (OR = 20.00) and head-related symptomatology (OR = 19.29). Identifying the most frequent pattern of symptoms by age group and sex will allow an early diagnosis of the disease to improve its prognosis and treatment.
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Sensibilidade Química Múltipla , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Sensibilidade Química Múltipla/diagnóstico , Sensibilidade Química Múltipla/epidemiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Inquéritos e Questionários , Exposição AmbientalRESUMO
Background: The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has prompted several changes in teaching methods in addition to the ways of learning by students. Objective: To check whether a relationship between factors, such as resilience, self-esteem, depression, anxiety, academic stressors, and a change in teaching methods and learning since the first epidemic outbreak exists. Materials and methods: This study was a cross-sectional descriptive one with a non-random sample of nursing degree teachers who did or did not participate in clinical activities but had been teaching online since the start of the pandemic. Data were collected with online questionnaires validated for self-completion with Google Forms. Results: Regarding the analysis of the descriptive data of each scale, we can verify that data indicate very high levels of resilience and self-esteem in the normal range with minimal levels of depression, moderate anxiety, and finally not worrying about sources of stress in teachers. Also, negative correlations were found between the 10 Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI 2), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Scale of Sources of Stress in Teachers with a statistical significance of p < 0.001. The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale also showed negative correlations with the three previously mentioned scales with a statistical significance of p < 0.001. Finally, positive correlations between the Beck (BDI 2), Beck (BAI), and Sources of Stress in Teachers scales and between the Rosenberg Self-Esteem scale and the 10 CD RISC scale were found (p < 0.001). Discussion: Our study shows that nursing degree teachers combine teaching with activities and presented moderate levels of anxiety, depression, and tolerance to academic stressors and were able to maintain optimal levels of self-esteem and resilience, indicating that these two factors act as protectors against these stressors. Tweetable abstract: Nursing teachers presented moderate levels of anxiety, depression, and academic stressors due to optimal levels of self-esteem and resilience.
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The objective of the study is to analyze the impact of violence on women's health and the feelings generated during the period of exposure to violence. This is a qualitative study with an interpretative phenomenological design in which 16 women participated-4 through interviews and 12 through stories. The data obtained were analyzed using the Colaizzi approach. The results were structured into 3 themes according to how the women interpreted their experiences. The themes were physical consequences: visible traces; psychological consequences: stormy days and sunny days; and social consequences: from loneliness to a new world. In conclusion, the women in this study considered all those (very diverse) physical pathologies to be important. They encompassed a series of psychological disorders that lasted over time, causing considerable suffering and complicating the participants' ability to relate to the rest of society, especially men. Similarly, the participants identified a series of positive consequences when they left the traumatic situation empowered after overcoming gender-based violence.
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Violência de Gênero , Violência , Feminino , Humanos , Solidão , Masculino , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Saúde da MulherRESUMO
BACKGROUND: In April 2020, Spain was the country with the highest number of patients infected by COVID-19 in Europe. The pressure on health care providers has had a direct impact on nurses and their mental health. AIM: The aim of this study is to demonstrate the causal relationship between resilience, acceptance, experiential avoidance, psychological inflexibility and burnout syndrome, all of which are measured with validated questionnaires. METHODS: This was designed as a transversal correlational study with nurses who worked during the acute phase of the pandemic in public hospitals in the Community of Madrid with patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in COVID-19 medical hospitalization units, emergency services and intensive care units. Google Forms was used to obtain an informed consent sheet, socio-demographic variables and the following questionnaires: 10 CD-Risk, Connor-Davidson Risk Resilience Scale, Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. RESULTS: The final sample included 375 nurses with a high number of consecutive days of direct exposure to an infected patient and a very high number of consecutive days without rest; almost 18% suffered from COVID-19. The nurses presented medium levels of resilience, medium levels of experiential avoidance and medium levels as measured for emotional exhaustion, personal accomplishment and depersonalization. We also found a predictive correlation between all the dimensions of the burnout questionnaire in relation to the data obtained from the resilience questionnaire. CONCLUSIONS: There is a direct and predictive relationship between the resilience that nurses had during the acute phase of the pandemic and their capacity for acceptance, experiential avoidance, psychological inflexibility and burnout syndrome. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: The scores show the necessity to implement preventive measures to avoid fatal psychological consequences for nurses.
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Esgotamento Profissional , COVID-19 , Resiliência Psicológica , Humanos , Espanha/epidemiologia , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Pandemias , Estudos Transversais , Esgotamento Profissional/epidemiologia , Esgotamento Profissional/etiologia , Esgotamento Profissional/psicologia , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Resumen Los Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria suponen uno de los problemas más prevalentes en la sociedad, siendo los cuidados prestados por las enfermeras fundamentales para su recuperación. Es por ello necesario comprender la experiencia que tienen los pacientes de los cuidados que reciben, para poder adaptarse a sus necesidades. Este estudio cualitativo propone aproximarse a la vivencia de cuidados de pacientes que padecen trastornos alimentarios desde un enfoque fenomenológico hermenéutico. Diecinueve pacientes de Alcalá de Henares (Madrid) colaboraron en la investigación a través de entrevistas y relatos, que fueron grabados, transcritos y analizados temáticamente. Los resultados se agruparon en cuatro categorías: 1. Una ayuda inesperada, 2. Buscar raíces: encontrar el origen, 3. Derribar barreras y construir contrafuertes, 4. Entender el significado del Trastorno Conducta Alimentaria. Para los pacientes, las enfermeras son una figura tanto inesperada como relevante, mostrando la importancia de los aspectos psicológicos y emocionales, sociales y personales como reguladores de su relación con la comida, la imagen y la vivencia de la corporeidad. A través del estudio, se profundiza en la relación de cuidados entre enfermera y paciente, obteniendo una perspectiva de cuidados desconocida, que posibilita ampliar el conocimiento e individualizar los cuidados prestados.
Abstract Eating Disorders are one of the most prevalent problems in our society being nursing care essential for recovery. It is therefore necessary to understand patients' experience in order to adapt their actions to patients' needs. This qualitative study offers an approach to nursing care experience of people with eating disorders from an hermeneutical phenomenological approach. Nineteen patients from Alcalá de Henares (Madrid) collaborated in the research through in-depth interviews and stories, which were thematically recorded, transcribed and analyzed. The results were grouped in four categories: 1. Unexpected help, 2. In search for roots: discovering the origin, 3. To break down barriers and build buttresses, 4. To understand the meaning of the eating disorder. Patients emphasize that nurses are as unexpected as relevant in their lives, showing the importance of psychological, emotional, social and personal aspects, as regulators of their food relationship, their body image and their corporeality experience. This investigation allows getting a deeper view of care relationship between nurses and patients, previously unknown, which makes it possible to widen the knowledge and to individualize the care provided.
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PURPOSE: To analyze eating disorder patients and nursing professionals' views and experience of the relationship-based care established. DESIGN AND METHODS: A qualitative study that employs an interpretative phenomenological analysis. Nineteen patients and 19 nurses participated in the research through interviews and narrations. FINDINGS: Nurses' help is both unexpected and relevant during the patients' recovery process. They provide care not focusing just on nutritional aspects, other factors such as mutual help, the psychological, emotional, social, and personal aspects are highlighted. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: This study provides a deep understanding of the relationship-based care established that makes it possible to expand knowledge and to individualize the care provided.
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Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos , Enfermagem Holística , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/terapia , Humanos , Pesquisa QualitativaRESUMO
Gender-based violence is considered a serious social and public health problem. Overcoming this situation implies a process that results in the favorable biopsychosocial rehabilitation of the resilience of women. The objective of this study was to analyze the tools, resources and personal and psychosocial mechanisms used by women survivors of gender-based violence. The design was an interpretative phenomenology. It was carried out with 22 women who have overcome gender-based violence. Data were collected through personal interviews and narration. The results were grouped into four themes: "Process of violence", "Social resources for coping and overcoming GBV", "Personal tools for coping and overcoming GBV" and "Feelings identified, from the abuse stage to the survival stage". Several studies concluded that overcoming abuse is influenced by the women's social network, and it can be the action of these people determining their survival to gender violence. Despite the recognized usefulness of these available resources, it would be desirable to strengthen them in order to be able to drive more women toward survival, assuming a strengthening of coping and overcoming, without forgetting the importance of other support mechanisms, such as their family and group therapies.
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Violência de Gênero , Adaptação Psicológica , Feminino , Humanos , Narração , SobreviventesRESUMO
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the activities of daily living (ADLs) using the Barthel Index before and after infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and also to determine whether or not the results varied according to gender. The ADLs of 68 cohabiting geriatric patients, 34 men and 34 women, in two nursing homes were measured before and after SARS-CoV-2 (Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)) infection. COVID-19 infection was found to affect the performance of ADLs in institutionalized elderly in nursing homes, especially in the more elderly subjects, regardless of sex. The COVID-19 pandemic, in addition to having claimed many victims, especially in the elderly population, has led to a reduction in the abilities of these people to perform their ADLs and caused considerable worsening of their quality of life even after recovering from the disease.
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Atividades Cotidianas , COVID-19 , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Casas de Saúde , Pandemias , Qualidade de Vida , SARS-CoV-2RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The process of breastfeeding is linked to intergenerational influences based on attitudes and messages of grandmothers about their own experience, and this can reinforce or interfere with the experiences of future mothers in breastfeeding. The aim of this study was to explore the meanings transmissible to the next generation of nursing mothers, based on the experiences of grandmothers. METHODS: We report the findings of an interpretive phenomenological qualitative research based on the philosophy of Martin Heidegger. In-depth interviews were conducted in Madrid with 17 participants who breastfed before the age of 35 and more than 8â¯years ago (to ensure the settlement of transmissible meanings in remote memory). Data were analyzed by interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA). FINDINGS: Two thematic categories were identified: "Breastfeeding: life experiences" and "Breastfeeding: body and mind process", which show that mothers want to convey the need for a balance that allows maintaining the role of women outside of stereotypes but that is also compatible with the rhythm of life, giving new meanings to attachment, weaning, and modesty. CONCLUSIONS: Meanings that future grandmothers wish to transmit to the next generation of nursing mothers are related to the search for a satisfactory experience for the mother, who must make an adjustment in her life, freeing herself of inflexible messages about attachment and the maternal role. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Strategies to promote breastfeeding and care for nursing mothers can improve the impact of trying to understand the meanings that are transmitted by the grandmothers in the family environment.
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Aleitamento Materno , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Relação entre Gerações , Adulto , Feminino , Avós , Humanos , Mães , Pesquisa Qualitativa , EspanhaRESUMO
In 1994, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) included "culture-bound syndromes" in its classification of psychiatric disorders and associated them with disease processes that manifest in behavioural or thought disorders that develop within a given cultural context. This study examines the definitions, explanatory models, signs and symptoms, and healthcare-seeking behaviours common to Fang culture-bound syndromes (i.e., kong, eluma, witchcraft, mibili, mikug, and nsamadalu). The Fang ethnic group is the majority ethnic group in Equatorial Guinea. From September 2012 to January 2013, 45 key Fang informants were selected, including community leaders, tribal elders, healthcare workers, traditional healers, and non-Catholic pastors in 39 of 724 Fang tribal villages in 6 of 13 districts in the mainland region of Equatorial Guinea. An ethnographic approach with an emic-etic perspective was employed. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews, participant observation and a questionnaire that included DHS6 key indicators. Interviews were designed based on the Cultural Formulation form in the DSM-5 and explored the definition of Fang cultural syndromes, symptoms, cultural perceptions of cause, and current help-seeking. Participants defined "Fang culture-bound syndromes" as those diseases that cannot be cured, treated, or diagnosed by science. Such syndromes present with the same signs and symptoms as diseases identified by Western medicine. However, they arise because of the actions of enemies, because of the actions of spirits or ancestors, as punishments for disregarding the law of God, because of the violation of sexual or dietary taboos, or because of the violation of a Fang rite of passage, the dzas, which is celebrated at birth. Six Fang culture-bound syndromes were included in the study: 1) Eluma, a disease that is targeted at the victim out of envy and starts out with sharp, intense, focussed pain and aggressiveness; 2) Witchcraft, characterized by isolation from the outside, socially maladaptive behaviour, and the use of hallucinogenic substances; 3) Kong, which is common among the wealthy class and manifests as a disconnection from the environment and a lack of vital energy; 4) Mibili, a possession by evil spirits that manifests through visual and auditory hallucinations; 5) Mikug, which appears after a person has had contact with human bones in a ritual; and 6) Nsamadalu, which emerges after a traumatic process caused by violating traditions through having sexual relations with one's sister or brother. The therapeutic resources of choice for addressing Fang culture-bound syndromes were traditional Fang medicine and the religious practices of the Bethany and Pentecostal churches, among others. Among African ethnic groups, symbolism, the weight of tradition, and the principle of chance in health and disease are underlying factors in the presentation of certain diseases, which in ethno-psychiatry are now referred to as culture-bound syndromes. In this study, traditional healers, elders, healthcare professionals, religious figures, and leaders of the Fang community in Equatorial Guinea referred to six such cultural syndromes: eluma, witchcraft, kong, mibili, mikug, and nsamadalu. In the absence of a multidisciplinary approach to mental illness in the country, the Fang ethnic group seeks healthcare for culture-bound syndromes from traditional healing and religious rites in the Evangelical faiths.
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Cultura , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Medicinas Tradicionais Africanas , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde , Guiné Equatorial , HumanosRESUMO
La enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) repercute de manera considerable en el cuidador informal. Dicho papel exige que realice cambios progresivos en su estilo de vida a medida que la persona afectada va perdiendo capacidades físicas y cognitivas que afectan a sus necesidades básicas e instrumentales. Estos aspectos pueden llegar a producir un desajuste entre las demandas de cuidado y los recursos personales y materiales con los que cuenta el familiar y dar lugar a la sobrecarga del cuidador. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las intervenciones realizadas por el profesional de enfermería al cuidador informal de personas con EA para disminuir la sobrecarga que causa el cuidado de las personas con esta enfermedad. Este estudio muestra que las intervenciones realizadas por el personal de enfermería, como la educación sobre la enfermedad, la enseñanza sobre cuidados y autocuidados y el asesoramiento sobre recursos de apoyo, disminuyen la sobrecarga del cuidador informal y mejoran su calidad de vida y la de la persona afectada por la demencia tipo Alzheimer. Las nuevas líneas de investigación apuntan hacia programas multicomponentes que realicen intervenciones que abarquen la multidimensionalidad de la EA y su cuidador, incluyendo como novedad las nuevas tecnologías aplicadas en el domicilio como herramienta de apoyo a las tareas que realiza el cuidador informal (AU)
Alzheimer's disease (AD) has a considerable repercussion on informal caregivers' lives. Caregivers have to progressively introduce lifestyle changes as the person afflicted with AD gradually loses physical and mental capacities, impairing its ability to meet basic needs. This may eventually lead to an imbalance between the demand of care and personal and material resources available to the family member, resulting in a work overload for the informal caregiver. The aim of this study is to analyse interventions undertaken by professional nursing staff to help informal caregivers of patients with AD. The study shows that interventions undertaken by professional nursing staff such as education and awareness on the disease, instruction on caring and self-care together with assessment on available support resources, directly reduced the overload experienced by caregivers, improving their and the Alzheimer's patient quality of life. New research lines point towards multi-element programs with interventions that will deal with AD's multidimensional aspects and caregivers' needs, including innovations such as new technologies applied to home care, a supporting tool for daily activities undertaken by informal caregivers (AU)
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Humanos , Doença de Alzheimer/enfermagem , Cuidados de Enfermagem/métodos , Cuidadores/psicologia , Saúde Mental , Cuidadores/organização & administração , Cuidadores/normas , Serviços de Saúde Mental , Saúde do IdosoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The socially constructed meanings of breastfeeding that have been passed from generation to generation by grandmothers produce continuities and discontinuities in the practices of breastfeeding. Research aim: The aim of this study is to explore the objectives and positioning of women today with respect to their role as future grandmothers, based on their experiences with breastfeeding. That is, what role do future grandmothers wish to have in the lives of their breastfeeding daughters and grandchildren? METHODS: A qualitative study with interpretative phenomenological analysis was conducted based on the philosophy of Martin Heidegger, using a sample of unstructured interviews from 20 women in Madrid. The data were analyzed using the steps of interpretative phenomenological analysis. RESULTS: Among the women who desired to have a supportive role for their future breastfeeding daughters and daughters-in-law, three emergent themes were identified that aimed at being supportive but remaining flexible and respecting their autonomy: "I'll give you what I didn't have," "the well-being of my daughter/daughter-in-law," and "seeking professional help." Two additional themes were identified that show the desire of these women to be present during this stage of family development and the lifecycle: "my role in the family" and "continuing to share." CONCLUSION: Future grandmothers desire to be involved in their daughters and daughters-in-law breastfeeding experience through flexibility and support and with the use of specialized and personalized professional help. In addition, future grandmothers desire to be valued and included in the vital process of breastfeeding.