RESUMO
Resumen. El abuso sexual es un estresor que incrementa el riesgo de distrés psicológico. El objetivo de la investigación fue cuantificar la asociación entre abuso sexual y distrés psicológico (estrés postraumático, depresión y riesgo suicida) en estudiantes adolescentes en Santa Marta, Colombia. Se diseñó un estudio transversal. Participaron 1.462 estudiantes entre 13 y 17 años (M = 15,98; DE = 0,83). El abuso sexual se indagó mediante un ítem único del Cuestionario de Victimización Juvenil y el distrés con la Escala Breve de Davidson para estrés postraumático, la escala de ideación suicida del Centro de Estudios Epidemiológicos y el Índice de Bienestar General (WHO-5). La prevalencia de abuso sexual fue 17,37%; riesgo de estrés postraumático, 19,36%; riesgo de depresión, 7,05%; y alto riesgo suicida, 13,27%. La historia de abuso sexual se asoció a estrés postraumático (Ajustado OR = 2,41; IC 95% 1,77 -3,28), depresión (AOR = 2,48; IC 95% 1,59-3,88), y riesgo suicida (AOR = 2,51; IC 95% 1,77 -3,56). Se concluye que el abuso sexual es un estresor que incrementa significativamente el riesgo de distrés psicológicos en estudiantes adolescentes en Santa Marta, Colombia. Se necesitan estudios de cohorte para controlar posibles variables de confusión para estas asociaciones.
Abstract. Sexual abuse is a stressor that increases the risk of psychological distress. The research objective was to quantify the association between sexual abuse and psychological distress (post-traumatic stress, depression, and suicide risk) in adolescent students in Santa Marta, Colombia. A cross-sectional, correlational study was designed. One thousand four hundred sixty-two students between the ages of 13 and 17 participated (M = 15.98, SD = 0.83). Sexual abuse was investigated using a single item of the Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire. Psychological distress was evaluated with the SPAN (post-traumatic symptoms, suicidal ideation scale of the Center for Epidemiological Studies and Well-being Index (WHO-5). The prevalence of sexual abuse was 17.37%; post-traumatic stress, 19.36%; depression, 7.05%; and suicide risk, 13.27%. The sexual abuse history was associated with post-traumatic stress (Adjusted OR = 2.41, 95% CI 1.77 - 3.28), depression (AOR = 2.48, 95% CI 1.59 - 3.88), and suicide risk (AOR = 2.51, 95% CI 1.77 - 3.56). It is concluded that sexual abuse is a stressor that significantly increases the risk of psychological distress in adolescent students in Santa Marta, Colombia. Cohort studies are needed to control for possible confounding variables for these associations.
RESUMO
Resumen El objetivo del presente estudio fue explorar la relación entre función familiar, salud percibida y logro académico en adolescentes escolarizados en Santa Marta, Colombia. Se diseñó un estudio transversal en el que se incluyeron estudiantes de décimo y undécimo grado. Participaron 1462 adolescentes escolares entre 13 y 17 años (M = 15.98; SD = 0.83), 60.32 % eran de género femenino, 76.06 % informó baja función familiar, 24.69 % mala/regular salud percibida y 30.78 % bajo/regular logro académico. La baja función familiar se asoció a salud percibida mala/regular (OR = 2.35; IC95 % 1.66-3.35) y bajo/regular logro académico (OR = 1.50; IC95 % 1.12-2.01). Se concluye que la baja función familiar es un factor de riesgo para la salud percibida y el logro académico. Se necesita más investigación de estas asociaciones.
Abstract This study's objective was to explore the relationship between family function, perceived health, and academic achievement in adolescents enrolled in Santa Marta, Colombia. A cross-sectional study was designed in which tenth and eleventh-grade students were included. The sample consisted of 1,462 school adolescents between 13 and 17 years old (M = 15.98, SD = 0.83), 60.32% were females, 76.06% reported family dysfunction, 24.69% were poor/fair perceived health and 30.78% low/fair academic achievement. Family function poor was associated with poor/fair perceived health (OR = 2.35, 95%CI 1.66 - 3.35) and low/fair academic achievement (OR = 1.50, 95%CI 1.12 - 2.01). It is concluded that family function poor is associated with poor perceived health and low academic achievement. More research is needed on these associations.
RESUMO
Human intestinal spirochetosis (HIS) is an uncommon disease characterized by the colonization of spirochetes in the colorectal mucosa and is most often found in individuals who are positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and in homosexual men. Although HIV is known to cause a variety of infectious colitis, the prevalence has significantly declined with antiretroviral therapy. Intestinal spirochetosis, however, remains meaningful as it can be an infectious cause of colonic ulcerations even with well-controlled HIV. Spirochetosis rarely causes macroscopic changes in the colorectal mucosa and reports of an ulcerated rectum are exceedingly scarce. Here, we report a case of a homosexual man with HIV who is compliant with antiretroviral therapy with high CD4 counts who presented with a six-week history of bloody diarrhea and was found to have multiple ulcerations in the rectosigmoid junction and rectum infected with non-treponemal spirochetes as confirmed on biopsy. To our knowledge, there have not been any reports of multiple rectal ulcerations caused by non-treponemal spirochetes. The patient was treated with metronidazole 500 mg four times daily for 10 days with complete resolution of symptoms. This case is notable as it alerts clinicians to consider intestinal spirochetosis as a differential diagnosis in the workup for bloody stool in the presence of colorectal ulcerations.
RESUMO
PURPOSE: To provide insights into the current supply chain for original equipment manufacturers (OEM) in the radiology diagnostic imaging equipment business. As is common in many manufacturing and service firms, the rationale of bridging suppliers of OEMs is the ability to leverage technology, software, and accessories pertaining to the various pieces of equipment. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: Several models of e-procurement and e-commerce related to the health care industry are presented. FINDINGS: Although the radiology capital equipment market presents numerous idiosyncrasies that must be addressed to successfully implement an e-business strategy effectively, incredible opportunities exist all along the supply chain for e-business strategies to both eliminate costs and acquire strategic initiatives. Those firms that most successfully listen to their customers and address the barriers to efficiency (B2E) will help move the industry toward more effective utilization of the benefits e-business can create and also obtain first mover advantages. ORIGINALITY/VALUE: Although the efficiencies that e-business provides are extremely important in the radiology capital equipment market, the main value of e-business in this industry of high-priced and relatively infrequently purchased equipment may well be the value-added benefits the technology brings to its customers, as illustrated in the modeling process. The OEMs that eventually market their finished product directly to hospital and imaging centers via a direct sales force can best take advantage of the connectivity and accessibility of e-commerce.
