Risk-Benefit Comparison Between Endoloop and Endostapler Devices for the Closure of Appendiceal Stumps in Laparoscopic Appendectomy.

Introduction Acute appendicitis is a common cause of acute abdomen and the most frequent surgical emergency in the world. Since the nineteenth century, surgical resolution has been the most accepted treatment worldwide, and laparoscopic appendectomy is currently preferred as the treatment of choice because it has several benefits. The closure of the appendiceal stump is the most crucial step during appendectomy since its inadequate management can cause post-surgical complications. Throughout recent years, several methods have been proposed to perform this closure. This study was performed to compare the post-surgical outcomes of the use of endoloop and endostapler devices. Methods This is a retrospective study of 290 patients aged 18 to 83 who underwent laparoscopic appendectomy between 2016 and 2020. Demographic data, clinical history, tomographic findings, and laboratory data were collected, as well as appendicular base management technique, severity degree of appendicitis at hospital admission, postoperative complications at 30 days, hospital readmission, and in-hospital stay. Statistical tests and binary logistic regression analyses were used to identify risk factors, with a significance level of p<0.05. Results Demographic data and clinical history did not show statistically significant differences. The presence of a pre-surgical abscess with tomography was 1.58 times higher in the endostapler group. Post-surgical results showed that the use of endostapler devices represented a 2.7 times higher risk of post-surgical abscess. The endostapler group was also found to have 1.87 times the risk of post-surgical sepsis. Conclusion Our study shows that the use of an endoloop reduces the risk of postoperative abscess by 16.5% and protects against the development of post-surgical sepsis by 30%.

[Intestinal obstruction secondary to postoperative adhesion formation in abdominal surgery. Review]. / Obstrucción intestinal secundaria a formación de adherencias postoperatorias en cirugía abdominal. Revisión de la literatura.

The development of intestinal obstruction after upper and lower abdominal surgery is part of the daily life of each every surgeon. Despite this, there are very few good quality studies that allow enable assessment of the frequency of intestinal obstruction to be assessed, even although postoperative adhesions are the cause of considerable direct and indirect morbidity and its prevention can be considered a public health problem. And yet, in Mexico, at this time, there is no validated recommendation validated on the prevention of adhesions, or more particularly, in connection with the use of a variety of anti-adhesion commercial products which have been marketed for at least a decade. Intraperitoneal adhesions develop between surfaces without peritoneum of the abdominal organs, mesentery, and abdominal wall. The most common site of adhesions is between the greater omentum and anterior abdominal wall previous. Despite the frequency of adhesions and their direct and indirect consequences, just there is only one published a recommendation (from gynaecological literature), regarding peritoneal adhesion prevention. As regards of colorectal surgery, performed more than 250,000 colorectal resections are performed annually in the United States, and from 24% to 35% of them will develop a complication. The clinical and economic financial burden of these complications is enormous, and surgeries colorectal surgery been specifically highlighted as a potential point prevention point of surgical morbidity.

Tumores carcinoides gastrointestinales, experiencia en Médica Sur: Gastrointestinal carcinoid tumors, experience in ''Médica Sur''

Objetivo: Evaluación de los casos de tumores carcinoides gastrointestinales en el Hospital y Fundación Clínica Médica Sur y confrontarlos con la literatura. Sede: Hospital y Fundación Clínica Médica Sur (centro de atención de tercer nivel). Diseño: Estudio retrospectivo, transversal, descriptivo, observacional. Análisis estadístico: Porcentaje como medida de resumen para variables cualitativas. Material y métodos: Se revisaron 19 casos de muestras de patología del Hospital y Fundación Clínica Médica Sur. Resultados: En este trabajo presentamos 19 casos de pacientes diagnosticados con tumores carcinoides gastrointestinales encontrados en toma de biopsias por endoscopia o piezas postquirúrgicas. Histológicamente se observaron células tumorales similares, con escaso citoplasma granular eosinófilo o núcleo redondeado moteado. Las variaciones de tamaño nuclear y celular fueron mínimas y las mitosis raras. El crecimiento celular fue predominantemente submucoso con extensión a capa muscular y serosa en algunos casos. Doce correspondieron al sexo femenino y siete, al masculino. El promedio de edad fue de 47 años. El órgano con más frecuencia de aparición fue el estómago y el apéndice cecal y los de menor frecuencia fueron el duodeno y el hígado. Conclusión: El sexo femenino predominó, constituyendo el 63% de los casos, la edad media para las mujeres fue de 49 años, coincidiendo con lo revisado en la literatura. Se encontró una incidencia aumentada en tumores de estómago y apéndice.

Objective: To evaluate the cases of gastrointestinal carcinoid tumors in the Hospital y Fundación Clínica Médica Sur, and to compare them with reports in the literature. Setting: Hospital y Fundación Clínica Médica Sur (third level health care center). Design: Retrospective, cross-sectional, descriptive, observational study. Statistical analysis: Percentage as summary measure for qualitative variables. Material and methods: We reviewed 19 cases of pathology samples from the Hospital y Fundación Clínica Médica Sur. Results: In this report we present 19 cases of patients diagnosed with gastrointestinal carcinoid tumors found in endoscopically taken biopsy samples or in postsurgical pieces. Histologically, similar tumor cells were observed with scarce granular eosinophilic cytoplasm or rounded spotted nucleus. Variations in nuclear and cellular size were minimal and mitoses were rare. Cell growth was predominantly submucous extending to the muscular and serosa layer in some cases. Twelve corresponded to women and seven to men. Average age was of 47 years. The organs most frequently affected were the stomach and the cecal appendix, the least frequent ones were the duodenum and the liver. Conclusion: Women predominated, constituting 63% of cases, mean age of women was of 49 years, coinciding with the literature. We found an increased incidence of tumors in the stomach and appendix.

Mucosectomía rectal con engrapadora sola y combinada con otros procedimientos quirúrgicos anorrectales: análisis multivariado de los factores que afectan el resultado clínico / Stapled rectal mucosectomy alone and in combination with other surgical anorectal procedures: multivariate analysis of factors affecting clinical outcome

Objetivo: Comparar el resultado clínico de la mucosectomía rectal con engrapadora (MRE) sola y de la MRE combinada con esfinterotomía y con plastia anal de colgajos cutáneos, y examinar qué factores influyen sobre las complicaciones y la satisfacción del paciente. Material y métodos: Se incluyeron pacientes con enfermedad hemorroidal grados II a IV sometidos a MRE sola o en combinación con otros procedimientos. Se analizaron las complicaciones posoperatorias, resolución de síntomas y grado de satisfacción. Resultados: 241 pacientes consecutivos con seguimiento mínimo de un año se dividieron en tres grupos: MRE sola (n = 187), MRE combinada con esfinterotomía (n = 31) y MRE combinada con plastia de colgajos (n = 23). Los pacientes con MRE con esfinterotomía presentaron un porcentaje de complicaciones mayor que el resto (32 versus 12.8 % y 13 %, respectivamente, p = 0.02). La MRE con esfinterotomía se asoció con mayor riesgo de complicaciones que la MRE sola (RM = 3.5, IC 95 % = 1.4-8.7); la inclusión exclusiva de epitelio columnar en la zona resecada se asoció con menor riesgo de complicaciones que cuando se incluyó además epitelio transicional (RM = 0.4, IC 95 % = 0.2-0.8). La resolución de síntomas preoperatorios en la mayor parte de los pacientes fue > 80 % en los tres grupos. No hubo asociación de complicaciones o del tipo de procedimiento con el grado de satisfacción. Cuando el porcentaje de síntomas resueltos fue < 80 % se asoció con grado bajo o intermedio de satisfacción (p < 0.001). Conclusiones: La resolución de los síntomas preoperatorios con los tres procedimientos es similar. La MRE con esfinterotomía tiene mayor riesgo de complicaciones. El grado de satisfacción se asocia con la resolución de los síntomas preoperatorios.

BACKGROUND: We undertook this study to compare the clinical outcome of stapled rectal mucosectomy (SRM) alone and in combination with sphincterotomy and cutaneous flap anoplasty and to determine the influence of factors related to complications and patient satisfaction. METHODS: Patients with second- to fourth-degree hemorrhoids who underwent SRM alone or in combination with other anorectal procedures were included. Postoperative complications, symptom resolution and patient satisfaction were analyzed. RESULTS: Two hundred forty one patients with a minimum follow-up of 1 year were divided into three groups: SRM alone (n = 187), SRM combined with sphincterotomy (n = 31) and SRM combined with cutaneous flap anoplasty (n = 23). Patients with SRM with sphincterotomy showed a higher complication rate than the other groups (32 vs. 12.8% and 13%, respectively, p = 0.02). SRM combined with sphincterotomy was associated with a higher rate of complications (OR = 3.5; 95% CI = 1.4-8.7). SRM alone with low mucosal resection was associated with a lower complications rate (OR = 0.4, 95% CI = 0.2-0.8). Resolution of preoperative symptoms was >80% among the three groups. There was no association between complications and type of procedure with satisfaction level. Resolution of symptoms <80% was associated with low/intermediate level of satisfaction (p <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Resolution of preoperative symptoms is similar among the three groups. SRM combined with sphincterotomy has a higher risk of complications. The satisfaction level is associated with resolution of preoperative symptoms.

Stapled rectal mucosectomy alone and in combination with other surgical anorectal procedures: multivariate analysis of factors affecting clinical outcome.

BACKGROUND: We undertook this study to compare the clinical outcome of stapled rectal mucosectomy (SRM) alone and in combination with sphincterotomy and cutaneous flap anoplasty and to determine the influence of factors related to complications and patient satisfaction. METHODS: Patients with second- to fourth-degree hemorrhoids who underwent SRM alone or in combination with other anorectal procedures were included. Postoperative complications, symptom resolution and patient satisfaction were analyzed. RESULTS: Two hundred forty one patients with a minimum follow-up of 1 year were divided into three groups: SRM alone (n = 187), SRM combined with sphincterotomy (n = 31) and SRM combined with cutaneous flap anoplasty (n = 23). Patients with SRM with sphincterotomy showed a higher complication rate than the other groups (32 vs. 12.8% and 13%, respectively, p = 0.02). SRM combined with sphincterotomy was associated with a higher rate of complications (OR = 3.5; 95% CI = 1.4-8.7). SRM alone with low mucosal resection was associated with a lower complications rate (OR = 0.4, 95% CI = 0.2-0.8). Resolution of preoperative symptoms was >80% among the three groups. There was no association between complications and type of procedure with satisfaction level. Resolution of symptoms <80% was associated with low/intermediate level of satisfaction (p <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Resolution of preoperative symptoms is similar among the three groups. SRM combined with sphincterotomy has a higher risk of complications. The satisfaction level is associated with resolution of preoperative symptoms.

[Surgical treatment of hemorroids with rectal mucosal resection using a stapler]. / Mucosectomía rectal con engrapadora para el tratamiento quirúrgico de la enfermedad hemorroidal: estudio prospectivo de 160 pacientes.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the results of Longo stapled mucosectomy for hemorrhoidal disease in a 1 to 3 years follow up. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Clinical response and complications where analyzed in patients treated for grade II to IV non-complicated hemorrhoidal disease with Longo stapled hemorrhoidectomy. RESULTS: In a 27 months period, 160 patients were treated (105 men and 55 women), mean age was 44.1 years (range: 24 to 72 years), and 110 patients had grade III hemorrhoid disease. Non procedure complications were noted, early complications were detected in 5% of patients and late complications were detected in 10% of patients. In a mean follow-up of 18.8 months, 82.5% of the patients remained asymptomatic and 94.4 of the patients reported a good satisfaction score. A second surgery was required in three patients because of recurrence. CONCLUSION: Longo stapled mucosectomy is a safe treatment for non complicated hemorrhoid disease. In a 18 month follow up most patients were asymptomatic.

Stapled rectal mucosectomy vs. closed hemorrhoidectomy: a randomized, clinical trial.

INTRODUCTION: We compared the safety and clinical outcome between stapled rectal mucosectomy and closed hemorrhoidectomy for the surgical treatment of noncomplicated hemorrhoidal disease. METHODS: Eighty-four patients with Grade III and IV hemorrhoidal disease were randomly assigned to two groups: 1) stapled rectal mucosectomy group (n = 42) and 2) closed hemorrhoidectomy group (n = 42). Postoperative pain, analgesic use, symptoms, disability, early and late complications, and patient satisfaction were evaluated, among others. Follow-up was six months. RESULTS: Eighty-four patients, averaging 45 +/- 9 years of age, underwent surgery. Two were lost to follow-up. Length of surgery and disability, postoperative pain, and use of analgesics were significantly less for patients in the stapled rectal mucosectomy group. In the closed hemorrhoidectomy group early complications were more frequent but not statistically significant, and there were no statistically significant differences regarding the frequency of late complications. No serious complications were reported in either group. Closed hemorrhoidectomy proved to be superior for bleeding control (95.1 percent closed hemorrhoidectomy 80.5 percent stapled rectal mucosectomy; P= 0.04). Patient satisfaction was similar in the two groups, but stapled rectal mucosectomy patients were more willing to undergo the same procedure (P = 0.02). CONCLUSION: Both stapled rectal mucosectomy and closed hemorrhoidectomy are safe procedures. Closed hemorrhoidectomy was superior for bleeding control in Grade III and IV hemorrhoidal disease, but more painful and disabling than stapled rectal mucosectomy.

[Microscopic colitis]. / Colitis microscópica.

BACKGROUND: Microscopic colitis is responsible for a proportion of difficult diagnosis cases with chronic diarrhea. Diagnosis is clinically suspected when chemical and macroscopic examination result negative and is made only by histopathologic findings. OBJECTIVE: To describe clinical, biochemical, colonoscopic, and histologic features and the treatment response of four cases with microscopic colitis. METHODS: We inform on the findings in four females patients presenting with chronic watery diarrhea with normal biochemical and colonoscopic tests. RESULTS: In these cases, diagnoses mode were lymphocytic colitis two and collagenous colitis two. The long term duration of watery diarrhea was 5 months. The average number of depositions were 10 in 24 h. Diagnosis was made after microscopic examination of the colonic mucosa in the absence of endoscopic abnormalities and normal chemistries. All patients had a satisfactory response to treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis of microscopic colitis is made by histopathology findings. The therapeutic response is generally satisfactory.

Calidad de presentación de los trabajos libres de investigación en el Congreso Nacional de Gastroenterología: Morelia 1997 / Quality of the presentation of free research papers in the National Congress of Gastroenterology: Morelia 1997

Antecedentes. La calidad de presentación de un trabajo de investigación no es necesariamente paralela a su calidad metodológica. Objetivo: Analizar la calidad de presentación de los trabajos libres orales, presentados en el Congreso Nacional de Gastroenterología (Morelia 1997). Metodología: Se realizó un estudio prospectivo que evaluaron los siguientes aspectos: limitación al tiempo asignado, utilización y diseño de diapositivas adecuados, así como mención de las principales características metodológicas. Resultados. En la mayoría de los trabajos, la calidad de presentación fue alta. Los problemas susceptibles de mejoría que se encuentran con mayor frecuencia fueron: la falta de limitación al tiempo asignado (24 por ciento), la saturación en el contenido (32 por ciento) y el número de diapositivas (23 por ciento). Conclusiones. El conocimiento de los resultados obtenidos puede ayudar a mejorar las presentaciones orales de los trabajos libres en los congresos nacionales de gastroenterología

Tumores retrorrectales / Retro-rectal tumors

Objetivos. Discutir las características clínicas de presentación y las consideraciones de diagnóstico y tratamiento de los pacientes con tumores retrorrectales. Metodología. Se informan dos pacientes. Ambos tuvieron estreñimiento y cambios en el hábito intestinal y la exploración física reveló la neoplasia en el tracto rectal. Uno de los pacientes tenía invasión intraluminal en el recto de un schwannoma y se sometió a una resección transanal de la tumoración, con recurrencia subsecuente que obligó a realizar una resección abdominoperineal por invasión del ángulo anorrectal. El segundo paciente cursó con un teatoma y tuvo buena evolución posterior a la resección trans-sacra de la tumoración. Conclusiones. La sospecha diagnóstica es imperativa en este tipo de padecimientos. El tratamiento de elección es la resección completa del tumor. La altura de localización de la neoplasia demostrada por los estudios de imagen ayudará a decidir la mejor vía de abordaje