Effect of Temperature, Time, and Material Thickness on the Dehydration Process of Tomato.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of temperature, time, and thickness of tomatoes fruits during adiabatic drying process. Dehydration, a simple and inexpensive process compared to other conservation methods, is widely used in the food industry in order to ensure a long shelf life for the product due to the low water activity. This study aimed to obtain the best processing conditions to avoid losses and keep product quality. Factorial design and surface response methodology were applied to fit predictive mathematical models. In the dehydration of tomatoes through the adiabatic process, temperature, time, and sample thickness, which greatly contribute to the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of the final product, were evaluated. The optimum drying conditions were 60°C with the lowest thickness level and shorter time.

Amazonian plant crude extract screening for activity against multidrug-resistant bacteria.

Antimicrobial resistance is a subject of great concern in public health and also in the designing of strategies for current therapeutic protocols all over the world. New drugs, including those necessary for a reserve armamentarium and exhibiting less side effects deserve special attention. In rural areas, particularly in Brazil, a huge number of natural products, in different artisanal preparations, mainly from plants, have been used by traditional populations to cure diseases. Despite some of these plants have been studied, many of them are awaiting to have their compounds chemically characterized and investigated their pharmacodynamics properties. Further, as well known, the environment plays a crucial role in the metabolism of these plants, yielding different and varied molecular complexes depending on the period of collection, climate conditions, kind of soil and also the plant speciation. In this report, ethanol crude extract of 10 different botanical specimens from the Amazon region of Brazil, in the Amapa State, were screened for antibacterial activity of 7 clinical resistant microorganisms utilizing as control ATCC bacterial species by the Kirby-Bauer method. Plant extracts of Geissospermum argenteum, Uncaria guianensis, Brosimum acutifolium, Copaifera reticulate, Licania macrophylla, Ptycopetalum olacoides and Dalbergia subcymosa yielded activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, both multidrug resistant, and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC strain.

A influência de bactérias patogênicas na transportabilidade do escarro e na qualidade de vida de portadores de bronquiectasia / The influence of pathogenic bacteria on transportability of sputum and quality of life among patients with bronchiectasis

INTRODUÇÃO: A qualidade de vida pode estar relacionada com o estado clínico do paciente, com o nível de infecção e com o microorganismo que o infecta. OBJETIVO: Analisar o perfil bacteriológico do escarro de pacientes com bronquiectasia e avaliar seu efeito no transporte in vitro e na qualidade de vida dos pacientes. MÉTODOS: Pacientes com bronquiectasia foram avaliados por questionários de qualidade de vida, cultura bacteriana e transporte in vitro do escarro. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 19 pacientes com bronquiectasia, com média de idade de 38,6 ± 16 anos. O grupo de portadores de bactérias potencialmente patogênicas, com 10 pacientes (grupo I), foi comparado ao grupo de portadores de bactérias não patogênicas, com 9 pacientes (grupo II). O grupo I teve menor velocidade relativa e maior deslocamento por tosse que o grupo II (p < 0,05). Pelo questionário do Hospital Saint George, na doença respiratória, o grupo I apresentou pior qualidade de vida (domínio impacto) (p < 0,05). Pelo World Health Organization Quality of Life - abreviado, o grupo I também apresentou pior qualidade de vida (domínio físico). Em relação à cor do escarro, quanto mais escuro, menor a velocidade relativa de transporte ciliar (r = -0,646; p = 0,007) e maior o deslocamento por tosse (r = 0,756; p = 0,001). CONCLUSÃO: Pacientes com bronquiectasia portadores de bactérias potencialmente patogênicas no escarro apresentam pior qualidade de vida e pior transporte ciliar no palato de rã, porém têm melhor deslocamento do escarro na máquina de tosse quando comparados àqueles sem bactérias potencialmente patogênicas.

INTRODUCTION: Patients' quality of life may be related to their clinical status and level of infection, and to the infecting microorganism. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the bacteriological profile of sputum from patients with bronchiectasis and to determine the effect of such bacteria on in vitro transport and patients' quality of life. METHODS: Patients with bronchiectasis were evaluated by means of quality-of-life questionnaires and sputum bacterial culturing and in vitro transport. RESULTS: Nineteen patients with bronchiectasis (mean age: 38.6 ± 16 years) were included in the study. A group of 10 patients with potentially pathogenic bacteria (group I) was compared with a group of 9 patients with nonpathogenic bacteria (group II). Group I presented lower relative transport velocity and greater displacement per cough maneuver than did group II (p < 0.05). Using the St. George's Hospital respiratory questionnaire, group I presented poorer quality of life in the impact domain (p < 0.05). Using the World Health Organization's Quality-of-Life brief questionnaire, group I also presented poorer quality of life in the physical domain. Regarding sputum color, the darker the sputum was, the lower the relative mucociliary transport velocity was (r = -0.695; p = 0.007) and the greater the displacement per cough maneuver was (r = 0.756; p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Patients with bronchiectasis and potentially pathogenic bacteria in sputum present poorer quality of life and worse mucociliary transport in the frog palate, but better sputum displacement in the cough mechanism, in comparison with patients without potentially pathogenic bacteria.