EFAS Score - Validation of Portuguese Version by the Score Committee of the European Foot and Ankle Society (EFAS).

BACKGROUND: The Score Committee of the European Foot and Ankle Society (EFAS) developed, validated, and published the EFAS Score in ten languages (English, German, French, Italian, Polish, Dutch, Swedish, Finnish, Turkish, Portuguese). From other languages under validation, the Portuguese version completed data acquisition and underwent further validation. METHODS: The Portuguese version of the EFAS Score was developed and validated in three stages: 1) item (question) identification (completed during initial validation study), 2) item reduction and scale exploration (completed during initial validation study), 3) confirmatory analyses and responsiveness of Portuguese version (completed during initial validation study in nine other languages). The data were collected pre-operatively and post-operatively at a minimum follow-up of 3 months and mean follow-up of 6 months. Item reduction, scale exploration, confirmatory analyses and responsiveness were executed using classical test theory and item response theory. RESULTS: The internal consistency was confirmed in the Portuguese version (Cronbach's Alpha 0.84). The Standard Error of Measurement (SEM) was 0.27 and is similar to other language versions. Between baseline and follow-up, 69.4% of patients showed an improvement on their EFAS score, with adequate responsiveness (effect size 0.64). CONCLUSIONS: The Portuguese EFAS Score version was successfully validated in patients with a wide variety of foot and ankle pathologies. All score versions are freely available at www.efas.net.

[Consecutive Ankle Sprain Classification and Injury Systematization (CASCaIS), A New Lateral Ankle Sprain Classification Based on the Pivot Test: A Prospective Cohort Study]. / Consecutive Ankle Sprain Classification and Injury Systematization (CASCaIS), Uma Nova Classificação de Entorse Lateral do Tornozelo Baseada no Teste de Pivot: Estudo Prospetivo de Coorte.

INTRODUCTION: The biggest challenge in the treatment of acute ankle sprain is the uncertainty of the prognosis. The traditional classifications have several interpretations and little correlation with prognosis. In this study we propose a new classification for acute ankle sprain only based on clinical criteria. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We prospectively evaluated all patients with an ankle sprain, aged between 18 and 45 years, admitted to a hospital during a 24 month period. The minimum follow-up period was 12 months. The sprains were classified, in the first few days (CASCaIS-Initial), according to autonomous gait capacity, inspection and palpation. After a few weeks (CASCaIS-Deferred), it was complemented with the mechanical evaluation of ligaments through the ankle pivot test. RESULTS: Among the 49 patients who completed the follow-up, none of those who had a pivot-negative test progressed to chronic ankle instability (CAI). Nine of the 33 patients (27%) with a positive pivot progressed to CAI (p = 0.022). The evaluation of CASCaIS-Deferred demonstrated an association with CAI (p = 0.018). CONCLUSION: This classification proved to be a simple, inexpensive, and reliable tool that clinicians can use to determine the prognosis of the sprain.

Introdução: O maior desafio no tratamento da entorse aguda do tornozelo é a indefinição do prognóstico. As classificações clássicas têm várias interpretações e pouca correlação com o prognóstico. Com este trabalho propomos uma nova classificação baseada apenas em critérios clínicos.Material e Métodos: Foram prospectivamente avaliados doentes entre os 18 e os 45 anos com entorse aguda do tornozelo, admitidos numa instituição durante 24 meses. O seguimento mínimo teve uma duração de 12 meses. Estes doentes foram classificados nos primeiros dias após a entorse (CASCaIS-Inicial) com base na valorização da capacidade de marcha autónoma, inspeção do quadro inflamatório e palpação. Passadas algumas semanas (CASCaIS-Diferida) complementou-se com a avaliação ligamentar pelo teste de pivot do tornozelo.Resultados: Dos 49 doentes que completaram o seguimento, nenhum dos que tinha um teste pivot-negativo evoluiu para instabilidade crónica do tornozelo (ICT). Nove dos 33 doentes (27%) com um pivot-positivo evoluíram para ICT (p = 0,022). A avaliação da CASCaIS-Diferida demonstrou uma associação com a ICT (p = 0,018).Conclusão: Esta classificação demonstrou ser uma ferramenta simples, não dispendiosa e fiável que os clínicos poderão usar para determinar o prognóstico da entorse.

Ankle and syndesmosis instability: consensus and controversies.

Ankle sprains are mainly benign lesions, but if not well addressed can evolve into permanent disability. A non-treated lateral, syndesmotic or medial ankle instability can evolve into ankle osteoarthritis. For this reason, diagnosis and treatment of these entities is of extreme importance.In general, acute instabilities undergo conservative treatment, while chronic instabilities are better addressed with surgical treatment. It is important to identify which acute instabilities are better treated with early surgical treatment.Syndesmosis injuries are frequently overlooked and represent a cause for persistent pain in ankle sprains. Unstable syndesmotic lesions are always managed by surgery.Non-treated deltoid ligament ruptures can evolve into a progressive valgus deformity of the hindfoot, due to its links with the spring ligament complex. This concept would give new importance to the diagnosis and treatment of acute medial ligament lesions.Multi-ligament lesions are usually unstable and are better treated with early surgery. A high suspicion rate is required, especially for combined syndesmotic and medial lesions or lateral and medial lesions.Ankle arthroscopy is a powerful tool for both diagnostic and treatment purposes. It is becoming mandatory in the management of ankle instabilities and multiple arthroscopic lateral/syndesmotic/medial repair techniques are emerging. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:420-431. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.210017.

Schwannoma of the First Webspace: A Case Report.

CASE: A 65-year-old man presented with plantar foot pain associated with a mass in the first webspace. A Morton neuroma was considered the probable diagnosis. Despite nonoperative treatment the pain continued. Surgical excision was performed, and histology was interpreted as a schwannoma. Symptoms resolved after surgery. CONCLUSION: Schwannoma of the foot is a rare condition, and to the best of our knowledge, this is the first case reported in the first webspace. Definitive treatment and diagnosis is surgical excision. Surgeons should consider schwannomas in the differential diagnosis of plantar foot pain because this can be misdiagnosed as a Morton neuroma.

Teaching personal and social responsibility after-school: a systematic review / Enseñando responsabilidad personal y social en un contexto extracurricular: una revisión sistemática / O Ensino da responsabilidade pessoal e social no contexto extracurricular: uma revisão sistemática

BACKGROUND: Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility (TPSR) has been studied and implemented through physical activity in different backgrounds for over three decades. However, there is no systematized review in the literature concerning the after-school context. AIM: Conducting a systematic review of literature on after-school interventions based on the TPSR model. METHODS: This study was driven by the following research questions: Which were the conclusions regarding the implementation of TPSR in after-school settings? Which research methodologies have been used to assess TPSR in after-school time settings? Which results related to TPSR were reported in after-school time settings? Cochrane protocol guidelines were followed. Papers were selected by two independent researchers, with Cohen's Kappa value of 81%. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Twenty-seven papers were selected, thirteen of which were reported with high scores. Most interventions were conducted in the USA on community-based after-school programs, lasting more than nine sessions, and led by school staff who prepared physical activities for youngsters from disadvantaged communities. Most of the reported studies resorted to qualitative methodologies. Some gaps were detected, such as lack of systematization of methods, lack of validity and reliability. Personal and social benefits were found. Other results were grouped into leadership, staff-youngsters relationship, values, transference, and impact on staff lives. We recommend future studies in the after-school context extend to extend to other countries, with more detailed descriptions of the specific used methods

CONTEXTO: Hace más de tres décadas, el Teaching Personal and Social Responsability(TPSR) ha sido estudiado e implementado, a través de la actividad física, en distintos contextos. No obstante, no ha ninguna revisión sistematizada en literatura en un contexto extracurricular. OBJETIVO: Llevar a una revisión sistemática de la literatura sobre intervenciones extracurriculares basadas en el modelo TPSR. MÉTODOS: Las preguntas de búsqueda que llevaron a este estudio fueron: ¿Cuáles las conclusiones relacionadas a la implementación del TPSR en contexto extracurricular? ¿Qué metodologías de investigación han sido utilizadas para examinar el TPSR en contexto extracurricular? ¿Qué resultados relacionados con el TPSR fueron presentados en contexto extracurricular? Han sido seguidas las orientaciones del protocolo de Cochrane. La selección de los artículos ha sido hecha por dos investigadores independientes, con valor de Kappa de Cohen de 81%. RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN: Han sido seleccionados veintisiete artículos, trece de los cuales han sido relatados con elevada puntuación. La mayoría de las intervenciones han sido hechas en los EEUU, en programas extracurriculares para la comunidad, con una duración superior a nueve sesiones, encabezadas por staff de la escuela prepararon actividades físicas para jóvenes de comunidades desfavorecidas. Los estudios relatados apelaron, en su mayoría, a metodologías cualitativas. Algunos errores han sido detectados como la falta de sistematización de los métodos, la falta de validez y fiabilidad. Han sido encontrados beneficios personales y sociales. Otros resultados han sido agrupados en liderazgo, relaciones entre staff y jóvenes, valores, transferencia e impacto en la vida de las personas. Se recomienda que estudios futuros en el contexto extracurricular se extiendan a otros países, con descripciones más detalladas de los métodos utilizados y exactos

CONTEXTO: Há mais de três décadas, o Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility(TPSR) tem sido estudado e implementado, através da atividade física, em diferentes contextos. No entanto, não há nenhuma revisão sistematizada na literatura em contexto extracurricular. PROPÓSITO: Conduzir uma revisão sistemática da literatura sobre intervenções extracurriculares baseadas no modelo TPSR. MÉTODOS: As perguntas de pesquisa que conduziram este estudo foram: quais as conclusões relacionadas à implementação do TPSR em contextos extracurriculares? Que metodologias de investigação têm sido utilizadas para examinar o TPSR em contextos extracurriculares? Que resultados relacionados com o TPSR foram reportados em contextos extracurriculares? Foram seguidas as orientações do protocolo de Cochrane. A seleção dos artigos foi feita por dois pesquisadores independentes, com valor de Kappa de Cohen de 81%. RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO: Foram selecionados vinte e sete artigos, treze dos quais foram relatados com elevada pontuação. A maioria das intervenções foi realizada nos EUA, em programas extracurriculares para a comunidade, com uma duração superior a nove sessões, lideradas por staff da escola que preparou atividades físicas para jovens de comunidades desfavorecidas. Os estudos relatados recorreram, na sua maioria, a metodologias qualitativas. Algumas lacunas foram detetadas como a falta de sistematização dos métodos, a falta de validade e confiabilidade. Foram encontrados benefícios pessoais e sociais. Outros resultados foram agrupados em liderança, relacionamento entre staff e jovens, valores, transferência e impacto na vida pessoal. Recomenda-se que estudos futuros no contexto extracurricular se estendam para outros países, com descrições mais detalhadas dos métodos usados e precisos

Varus talar tilt combined with an internal rotation pivot stress assesses the supination instability vector in lateral ankle ligaments' injury - cadaver study.

BACKGROUND: The lack of consensus on the relevance of the varus talar tilt test (VTTT) might be due to the divergence between the insufficiency vector of lateral ankle instability and the direction of this clinical test. Our hypothesis is that the VTTT is more accurate to diagnose lateral ankle ligaments rupture when it's applied with a pre-positioning of the foot in internal rotation (IR). METHODS: We compared, in 12 cadaver ankles, the varus opening during a classic VTTT with the same test starting in an IR pivot, using a new arthrometer. RESULTS: The classic VTTT caused a 13° tilt after ATFL section and 23,8° after ATFL and CFL section. The application of a VTTT with an IR prepositioning caused a 21,2° tilt after ATFL section (p = 0,002) and 29,5° after ATFL and CFL section (p = 0,006). CONCLUSION: The VTTT is better to identify lateral ankle ligaments' insufficiency when it's applied with a pre-positioning of the foot in internal rotation. The resulting vector is similar to the supination trauma.

Adaptação transcultural do Empowering Disempowering Motivational Climate Questionnaire para a língua portuguesa e análise da invariância em atletas masculinos brasileiros e portugueses / Adaptación transcultural del Empowering Disempowering Motivational Climate Questionnaire para el portugués y el análisis de la invarianza en los atletas masculinos brasileños y portugués / Cross-cultural adaptation of Empowering Disempowering Motivational Climate Questionnaire for Portuguese language and analysis of invariance in Brazilian and Portuguese male athletes

O objetivo do presente estudo foi o de proceder à tradução e adaptação transcultural do "Empowering and Disempowering Motivational Climate Questionnaire-Coach" (EDMCQ-C) para a língua portuguesa e analisar a invariância da sua estrutura fatorial, quando aplicado a atletas brasileiros e portugueses. A amostra foi constituída por 963 atletas do sexo masculino, praticantes de diferentes desportos (andebol, basquetebol, futebol, futsal e voleibol), com idades compreendidas entre os 11 e os 24 anos (M = 15.04 ± 1.88), sendo 553 brasileiros (M = 15.81 ± 1.91) e 410 portugueses (M = 13.94 ± 1.30). Através do recurso à Análise Fatorial Confirmatória, foi possível verificar a existência de bons índices de ajustamento ao modelo teórico examinado, com uma solução reduzida constituída por 15 itens, distribuídos pelos cinco fatores do instrumento original (χ2/df = 2.38; CFI = 0.97; TLI = 0.96; SRMR = 0.03; RMSEA = 0.04). Complementarmente, a invariância do modelo de medida, quando aplicado a atletas brasileiros e portugueses, foi avaliada através da comparação do modelo com pesos fatoriais fixos e o modelo com coeficientes estruturais livres, tendo o resultado sido de DELTACFI = 0.01. Em conformidade, os resultados encontrados suportam a sugestão de que a versão adaptada para a língua portuguesa do EDMCQ-C evidencia boas propriedades psicométricas, podendo, portanto, constituir-se como uma ferramenta útil para avaliar as perceções de atletas brasileiros e portugueses sobre o clima motivacional que lhes é proporcionado pelos seus treinadores

El objetivo de este estudio fue la adaptación transcultural de la versión en portugués del "Empowering and Disempowering Motivational Climate Questionnaire-Coach" (EDMCQ-C), que evalúa la percepción de los atletas en el clima motivacional proporcionada por el entrenador, e investigar la invariancia factorial entre brasileños y portugueses. La muestra consistía en 963 atletas hombres, practicantes de diferentes deportes (balonmano, baloncesto, fútbol, fustal y voleibol) con edades entre 11 y 24 años (M = 14,15 ± 1.88), de los cuales 553 eran brasileños (M = 15,81 ± 1,91) y 410 atletas portugueses (M = 13,94 ± 1,30). Mediante el análisis factorial confirmatorio fue posible verificar índices de ajuste aceptables al modelo teórico tanto para portugueses (χ2 / df = 1,67, CFI = 0,92, TLI = 0,91; SRMR = 0.06; RMSEA = 0:04) cuanto para brasileños (χ2 / df = 1.92, CFI = 0.90, TLI = 0.89, SRMR = 0.05, RMSEA = 0.04). Los resultados también mostraron que el modelo de medición es invariante entre atletas portuguesas y brasileñas (DELTACFI <0,01). En conclusión, el instrumento puede ser una herramienta útil para analizar la percepción de los atletas brasileños y portugueses al clima motivacional proporcionado por el entrenador

The aim of the present study was to carry out the cross-cultural adaptation of the Portuguese version of "Empowering and Disempowering Motivational Climate" (EDMCQ-C), which evaluates the athletes' perception the motivational climate provided by the coach and to examine the factorial invariance between Brazilians and Portuguese. The sample was composed by 963 male athletes from different sports (handball, basketball, soccer, futsal and volleyball), aged between 11 and 24 (M = 15.04 ± 1.88), of whom 553 were Brazilian (M = 15.81 ± 1.91) and 410 Portuguese athletes (M = 13.94 ± 1.30). The results of the confirmatory factorial analysis found satisfactory adjustment indices of the model for both portuguese (χ2/df = 1.67; CFI = 0.92; TLI = 0.91; SRMR = 0.06; RMSEA = 0.04) and brazilian (χ2/df = 1.92; CFI = 0.90; TLI = 0.89; SRMR = 0.05; RMSEA = 0.04). The results also showed that the model of measurement was invariant between Brazilian and Portuguese athletes (DELTACFI <0.01). In conclusion, the instrument used can be a useful to analyze the perception of Brazilian and Portuguese athletes for the motivational climate provided by the coach

Qualidade de serviços e satisfação de espectadores de eventos esportivos: uma revisão sistemática / Service quality and satisfaction of sporting events' audience: a systematic review / Calidad de servicios y satisfacción de espectadores de eventos deportivos: una revisión sistemática

O objetivo deste artigo foi analisar os modelos de avaliação da qualidade de serviços e a relação da qualidade dos serviços na satisfação de espectadores de eventos esportivos. O estudo é uma revisão sistemática. A busca por artigos originais publicados a partir de janeiro de 2000 até junho de 2017 foi realizada nas bases de dados: SPORTDiscus, Scopus, Web of Science e SciELO Citation Index. Foram incluídos 19 artigos. Os resultados apontaram a existência de inúmeros modelos de avaliação que estão relacionados com a qualidade de serviços no esporte. Atributos do serviço principal como qualidade do jogo e desempenho dos atletas, além de serviços periféricos, como instalação, empatia dos funcionários e segurança influenciaram significativamente a satisfação dos espectadores esportivos. Portanto, os resultados indicam que a percepção da qualidade de serviços é um antecedente da satisfação

This study analyzed service quality evaluation models and the relations among service quality and audience satisfaction in sporting events. The study is a systematic review. Original articles published from January 2000 to June 2017 were searched on databases SPORTDiscus, Scopus, Web of Science and SciELO Citation Index. Nineteen articles were included. The results pointed out the existence of numerous evaluation models related to service quality in sports. Core service attributes such as game quality and athletes' performance, in addition to peripheral services such as facilities, employee empathy and security, have significantly influenced sports audience's satisfaction. Therefore, these results indicate that service quality perception precedes satisfaction

El objetivo de este artículo fue analizar los modelos de evaluación de la calidad de servicios y su relación con la satisfacción de espectadores de eventos deportivos. El estudio es una revisión sistemática. La búsqueda de artículos originales publicados a partir de enero de 2000 y hasta junio de 2017 fue realizada en las siguientes bases de datos: SPORTDiscus, Scopus, Web of Science y SciELO Citation Index. Fueron incluidos 19 artículos. Los resultados mostraron la existencia de innumerables modelos de evaluación relacionados con la calidad de servicios en el deporte. Atributos del servicio principal, como: calidad del juego y desempeño de los atletas; servicios periféricos, como: instalaciones, empatía de los funcionarios y seguridad influenciaron significativamente sobre la satisfacción de los espectadores deportivos. Por lo tanto, los resultados indican que la percepción de la calidad de servicios es un antecedente de la satisfacción

Mental toughness attributes in Judo: perceptions of athletes / Atributos de fuerza mental en el Judo: percepciones de los atletas / Características de força psicológica no Judo: percepções de atletas

Perceptions of mental toughness attributes were explored among Judo competitors. Twelve Portuguese judokas from different levels of achievement underwent a semi-structured interview, based on Personal Construct Psychology "sociality" and "dichotomy" corollaries (Kelly, 1991). Properties and dimensions of each conceptual category arose from the data among the verbatim transcribed interviews. Inductive content analysis revealed 22 attributes that composed mental toughness in competitive Judo. Emotional regulation, resilience, self-confidence, attention regulation, self-motivation and optimism were reported by all subjects of the sample. In relation to previous single-sport researches that explored mental toughness attributes, our results supported the existence of large conceptual similarities across sports, despite subtle differences in Judo discussed in reference to optimism, self-improvement, pragmatism and self-presentation regulation. Self-esteem and adaptability emerged as a novelty in the sport’s mental toughness literature. Combativity was suggested to be the only mental toughness attribute rather peculiar to Judo

El objetivo del presente estudio fue explorar las percepciones de los atributos de fuerza mental entre los competidores de Judo. Doce judocas Portugueses de diferentes niveles de realización deportiva fueron sometidos a una entrevista semiestructurada, basada en corolarios de sociabilidad y dicotomía de la teoría Personal Construct Psychology (Kelly, 1991). De las entrevistas realizadas resultaron 148 páginas de datos transcritos verbatim. A partir del análisis de contenido de manera inductiva surgieron las propiedades y dimensiones de cada categoría conceptual, totalizando 22 atributos que compusieron la fuerza mental en el Judo de competición. La regulación emocional, la resiliencia, la autoconfianza, la regulación de la atención, la automotivación y el optimismo fueron mencionados por todos los sujetos de la muestra. En relación con las investigaciones anteriores de un solo deporte que exploraron los atributos de la fuerza mental, nuestros resultados apoyaron la existencia de grandes similitudes conceptuales en los deportes, a pesar de las diferencias sutiles en Judo discutidas en referencia al optimismo, el auto-perfeccionamiento, el pragmatismo y la regulación de la autopresentación. La autoestima y la adaptabilidad surgieron como un nuevo aporte a la literatura de fuerza mental en el deporte. Se sugirió que la combatividad fue el único atributo de fuerza mental bastante peculiar al Judo

Percepções dos atributos de força psicológica foram exploradas em competidores de Judo. Doze judocas Portugueses, com diferentes níveis de realização competitiva, foram individualmente submetidos a uma entrevista semi-estruturada, assente nos corolários de sociabilidade e dicotomia da teoria Personal Construct Psychology proposta por Kelly (1991). Das entrevistas realizadas resultaram 148 páginas de dados transcritos verbatim. Da análise indutiva de conteúdo emergiram as propriedades e dimensões de cada categoria conceptual, totalizando 22 atributos que compuseram a força psicológica no Judo de competição. A regulação emocional, a resiliência, a autoconfiança, a regulação da atenção, a auto-motivação e o optimismo foram reportados por todos os sujeitos da amostra. Por comparação a estudos anteriores que exploraram os atributos de força psicológica num só desporto, os nossos resultados apoiaram a existência de grandes semelhanças conceptuais entre desportos, pese embora a obtenção de diferenças subtis no Judo discutidas em referência ao optimismo, ao auto-aperfeiçoamento, ao pragmatismo e à regulação da auto-apresentação. A auto-estima e a adaptabilidade emergiram enquanto novidade na literatura de força psicológica no desporto. A combatividade foi sugerida como sendo o único atributo de força psicológica bastante peculiar ao Judo

Rotational Instability after Anterior Talofibular and Calcaneofibular Ligament Section: The Experimental Basis for the Ankle Pivot Test.

The clinical diagnosis of the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) rupture is based on the findings from the medical history and the anterior drawer test, a maneuver that allegedly pushes the talus and rearfoot anteriorly, although with great variability in its sensitivity. We consider that an ATFL rupture is best evaluated by a rotational vector (i.e., a pivot test) owing to the uncompromised medial ligaments that will block any pure anterior translation of the talus underneath the tibia. We idealized a constrained ankle cadaver model that only allows talar movements in the axial plane. Our hypothesis was that progressive sectioning of the lateral ankle ligaments in this model would cause a progressive and significant angular laxity in internal rotation. Our results showed 3.67 degrees ± 1.2 degrees of talus rotational laxity in the intact ankle, 9.6 degrees ± 3.2 degrees after ATFL sectioning, and 13.43 degrees ± 3.2 degrees after ATFL and calcaneofibular ligament sectioning, indicating almost threefold increase in internal talocrural rotation after single ATFL sectioning and an almost fourfold increase after double (ATFL and calcaneofibular ligament) sectioning. We consider this evidence of rotational ankle laxity to be a major step in defining the correct movement to diagnose an ATFL rupture and propose a new term to avoid further inconsistencies and variability, "the pivot test."

As Perceções de Treinadores acerca do Papel do Futebol no Desenvolvimento Positivo de Jovens em Risco de Exclusão Social: Que Realidade? / Las Percepciones de Entrenadores acerca del Papel del Fútbol en el Desarrollo Positivo de Jóvenes en Riesgo de Exclusión Social: ¿Qué Realidad? / Coaches' Perceptions on the Role Played by Football on Positive Development of Underserved Youth: What reality?

O desporto, embora tenha o potencial necessário para fomentar o desenvolvimento positivo dos jovens (DPJ), nem sempre é usado com este propósito. Deste modo, este estudo teve objetivo analisar componentes da filosofia de treino e as estratégias utilizadas por treinadores de jovens em risco de exclusão social, assim como os desafios encontrados por estes agentes no domínio do DPJ e do ensino de competências para a vida. Participaram em entrevistas semi-estruturadas 10 treinadores de jovens em risco de exclusão social. Contudo, referiram um conjunto limitado de competências para a vida que podiam ser desenvolvidas através do desporto, centrando-se nas necessidades imediatas dos jovens em cumprirem regras e envolver-se nas atividades promovidas pelos treinadores, o que nos permite pensar que é necessário abordar estas temáticas com profundidade nos cursos de treinadores e de professores de educação física

El deporte aunque el potencial de fomentar el desarrollo positivo de la juventud (DPJ) no siempre se utiliza para este propósito. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar componentes de la filosofía de entrenamiento y las estrategias utilizadas por los entrenadores jóvenes en riesgo de exclusión social, así como los retos que se enfrentan en la enseñanza del DPJ. Participaron en entrevistas semiestructuradas 10 entrenadores de los jóvenes adolescentes en riesgo de exclusión social. Los entrenadores han argumentado la necesidad de crear un clima positivo de apoyo, relaciones significativas con sus atletas y desarrollar el esfuerzo y respeto. Sin embargo, indicaron un conjunto limitado de habilidades que podrían desarrollarse a través del deporte, centrándose en las necesidades inmediatas de los jóvenes en el seguimiento de las reglas y participar en las actividades promovidas por los entrenadores, lo que nos permite pensar que es necesario abordar estas cuestiones en profundidad en los cursos de entrenadores. Palabras clave: entrenador; el desarrollo positivo de la juventud; fútbol; habilidades para la vida

It seems that sport has the potential to foster positive youth development (PYD) if it is used with this purpose. This study aimed to analyze the strategies used by coaches who work with at risk youth and their coaching philosophies as well as the challenges faced while promoting PYD and life skills development. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 coaches who worked with at risk youth. Coaches argued the need to foster a positive environment, establish meaningful relationships and develop only respect and effort. However, coaches articulated few competencies that could be developed through sport and focused only on the competencies needed to participate in sport activities like for example respecting rules which allows us to think that it is necessary to address these issues in depth in coach education courses

Searching for consensus in the approach to patients with chronic lateral ankle instability: ask the expert.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to propose recommendations for the treatment of patients with chronic lateral ankle instability (CAI) based on expert opinions. METHODS: A questionnaire was sent to 32 orthopaedic surgeons with clinical and scientific experience in the treatment of CAI. The questions were related to preoperative imaging, indications and timing of surgery, technical choices, and the influence of patient-related aspects. RESULTS: Thirty of the 32 invited surgeons (94%) responded. Consensus was found on several aspects of treatment. Preoperative MRI was routinely recommended. Surgery was considered in patients with functional ankle instability after 3-6 months of non-surgical treatment. Ligament repair is still the treatment of choice in patients with mechanical instability; however, in patients with generalized laxity or poor ligament quality, lateral ligament reconstruction (with grafting) of both the ATFL and CFL should be considered. CONCLUSIONS: Most surgeons request an MRI during the preoperative planning. There is a trend towards earlier surgical treatment (after failure of non-surgical treatment) in patients with mechanical ligament laxity (compared with functional instability) and in high-level athletes. This study proposes an assessment and a treatment algorithm that may be used as a recommendation in the treatment of patients with CAI. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: V.

Percutaneous Osteotomies in Hallux Valgus: A Systematic Review.

Percutaneous and minimally invasive surgery is one of the greatest advances in the operating field of orthopedic since the late 1990s. The potential advantages include a shorter operative time, quicker recovery, and reduced hospital stay compared with traditional open surgery. However, scientific validation of the safety and efficacy of hallux valgus (HV) percutaneous surgery remains inconclusive. The objective of the present study was to systematically review the published data and clinical evidence for percutaneous HV surgery, evaluate the scientific method of the reports, and clarify the indications, safety, efficacy, and potential risks of these surgical techniques. Two reviewers independently identified the studies using a PubMed search, with the keywords "hallux valgus," "osteotomy," "minimally invasive," and "percutaneous." Quality assessment was performed using the Coleman methodology scale, and each study was assigned a level of evidence and grade of recommendation. Eighteen studies were included and reported a total of 1534 procedures for percutaneous HV surgery on 1397 patients. Of the 18 studies, 14 (77.8%) were level IV, 2 (11.1%) were level III, and 2 (11.1%) were level II. Overall, the average angle correction of the HV deformity improved postoperatively. Regarding the complications, although some investigators revealed no major complications, others described deformity recurrence in 7.8%, stiffness of the first metatarsophalangeal joint in 9.8%, malunion in 4% to 8.7%, and infection rates ranging from 1.9% to 14.3%. The main indication for percutaneous HV surgery is the correction of mild deformities. The complication rate was elevated even in experienced surgeons. In conclusion, future research in percutaneous techniques should include adequately sized randomized control trials, standardization of treatment protocols, and the use of validated tools for the measurement of clinical outcomes.

The behavior of practicing sports among nursing students. / Comportamento da prática esportiva do estudante de enfermagem.

OBJECTIVE: Analyzing the frequency patterns of practicing sports, the stages of change phases and the pros and cons of decision-making balance in nursing students related to gender and which year of study they are in. METHOD: A cross-sectional, descriptive and exploratory study. RESULTS: 535 students of both genders participated in the study. An analysis of the results revealed that 27.6% of the students did not present any frequency of practicing sports; 55.3% of the students did not have a consistent or continuous habit of practicing sports; students overall exhibited a non-existing frequency of practicing sports at similar levels throughout the study cycle; male students presented similar percentages in their positioning in the precontemplation and contemplation stages throughout the study cycle; and throughout all the stages of change phases students showed higher values for pros over cons related to practicing sports. CONCLUSION: The results reinforce the relevance for implementing mechanisms for promoting and monitoring nursing students' involvement and regular participation in practicing sports.

Comportamento da prática esportiva do estudante de enfermagem / Comportamiento de la práctica deportiva del estudiante de enfermería / The behavior of practicing sports among nursing students

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar os padrões de frequência de prática esportiva, as fases dos estágios de mudança e os prós e os contras do balanço decisional em estudantes de enfermagem, em função do sexo e do ano da licenciatura. Método Realizou-se um estudo transversal, descritivo e exploratório. Resultados Participaram do estudo 535 estudantes de ambos os sexos. A análise dos resultados revelou que 27,6% dos estudantes não apresentavam qualquer frequência de prática esportiva; 55,3% dos estudantes não tinham uma prática esportiva habitual consistente e continuada; os estudantes exibiam globalmente uma frequência de prática esportiva inexistente em níveis similares ao longo do ciclo de estudos; os estudantes do sexo masculino apresentavam porcentagens similares no seu posicionamento nos estágios de pré-contemplação e contemplação ao longo do ciclo de estudos; e em todas as fases dos estágios de mudança, os estudantes apresentaram valores superiores de prós em relação aos de contras para a prática esportiva. Conclusão Os resultados reforçam a pertinência da implementação de mecanismos de promoção e monitorização no envolvimento e participação regular na prática esportiva nos estudantes de enfermagem.

RESUMEN Objetivo Analizar los estándares de frecuencia de práctica deportiva, las fases de los estadíos de cambio e los pro y contra del balance de decisiones en estudiantes de enfermería, en función del sexo y del año de licenciado. Método Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal, descriptivo y exploratorio. Resultados Participaron en el estudio 535 estudiantes de ambos sexos. El análisis de los resultados reveló que el 27,6% de los estudiantes no presentaban cualquier frecuencia de práctica deportiva; el 55,3% de los estudiantes no tenían una práctica deportiva habitual consistente y continuada; los estudiantes exhibían globalmente una frecuencia de práctica deportiva inexistente en niveles similares a lo largo del ciclo de estudios; los estudiantes del sexo masculino presentaban porcentajes similares en su posicionamiento en los estadíos de pre contemplación y contemplación a lo largo del ciclo de estudios; y en todas las fases de los estadíos de cambio, los estudiantes presentaron valores superiores de pro con relación a los de contra para la práctica deportiva. Conclusión Los resultados refuerzan la pertinencia de la implementación de mecanismos de promoción y monitoreo en la involucración y participación regular en la práctica deportiva de los estudiantes de enfermería.

ABSTRACT Objective Analyzing the frequency patterns of practicing sports, the stages of change phases and the pros and cons of decision-making balance in nursing students related to gender and which year of study they are in. Method A cross-sectional, descriptive and exploratory study. Results 535 students of both genders participated in the study. An analysis of the results revealed that 27.6% of the students did not present any frequency of practicing sports; 55.3% of the students did not have a consistent or continuous habit of practicing sports; students overall exhibited a non-existing frequency of practicing sports at similar levels throughout the study cycle; male students presented similar percentages in their positioning in the precontemplation and contemplation stages throughout the study cycle; and throughout all the stages of change phases students showed higher values for pros over cons related to practicing sports. Conclusion The results reinforce the relevance for implementing mechanisms for promoting and monitoring nursing students' involvement and regular participation in practicing sports.

Factorial invariance of the satisfaction with life scale in adolescent from Spain and Portugal / Invarianza factorial de la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida en adolescentes de España y Portugal

BACKGROUND: The Satisfaction with Life Scale is one of the most widely used scales to measure the global cognitive judgment of satisfaction with one's life. METHOD: This study assesses the equivalence of the SWLS across Spanish and Portuguese adolescents, using multi-sample Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Participants were Spanish (N = 2183) and Portuguese (N = 4082) junior high school. RESULTS: The results provide high support for the internal consistency of both the Spanish and Portuguese versions of this scale. The results also showed that factor structure, factor loadings, could be considered invariant across groups. However, the full scalar invariance between Spanish and Portuguese samples was not found, with the intercept for SWLS item 5 varying across countries. CONCLUSIONS: Similar findings have also been found in other cross-national studies with this scale. Implications of the findings are discussed and we conclude that the Spanish and Portuguese versions of the SWLS can be used for cross-national comparisons with Spanish and Portuguese adolescents

ANTECEDENTES: la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida es una de las escalas más utilizadas para medir el juicio cognitivo global sobre la propia satisfacción con la vida. MÉTODO: este estudio evalúa la equivalencia de la SWLS en adolescentes españoles y portugueses con Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio multi-muestra. Los participantes fueron alumnado español (N = 2.183) y portugués (N = 4.082) de Educación Secundaria. RESULTADOS: los resultados proporcionan un elevado apoyo a la consistencia interna de las versiones en español y portugués de esta escala. Los resultados también mostraron que la estructura factorial y pesos factoriales podría considerarse invariable entre los grupos. Sin embargo, no se obtuvo la invariancia escalar completa entre las muestras de España y Portugal, con el intercepto para el ítem 5 variando entre los países. CONCLUSIONES: otros estudios internacionales con esta escala han encontrado resultados similares. Se discuten las repercusiones de las conclusiones y se establece que las versiones en español y portugués de la SWLS pueden ser utilizadas para las comparaciones entre países con adolescentes españoles y portugueses

Factorial invariance of the Satisfaction with Life Scale in adolescents from Spain and Portugal.

BACKGROUND: The Satisfaction with Life Scale is one of the most widely used scales to measure the global cognitive judgment of satisfaction with one’s life. METHOD: This study assesses the equivalence of the SWLS across Spanish and Portuguese adolescents, using multi-sample Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Participants were Spanish (N = 2183) and Portuguese (N = 4082) junior high school. RESULTS: The results provide high support for the internal consistency of both the Spanish and Portuguese versions of this scale. The results also showed that factor structure, factor loadings, could be considered invariant across groups. However, the full scalar invariance between Spanish and Portuguese samples was not found, with the intercept for SWLS item 5 varying across countries. CONCLUSIONS: Similar findings have also been found in other cross-national studies with this scale. Implications of the findings are discussed and we conclude that the Spanish and Portuguese versions of the SWLS can be used for cross-national comparisons with Spanish and Portuguese adolescents.

Salvage Flexor Hallucis Longus Transfer for a Failed Achilles Repair: Endoscopic Technique.

Flexor hallucis longus (FHL) transfer is a well-established treatment option in failed Achilles tendon (AT) repair and has been routinely performed as an open procedure. We detail the surgical steps needed to perform an arthroscopic transfer of the FHL for a chronic AT rupture. The FHL tendon is harvested as it enters in its tunnel beneath the sustentaculum tali; a tunnel is then drilled in the calcaneus as near to the AT footprint as possible. By use of a suture-passing device, the free end of the FHL is advanced to the plantar aspect of the foot. After adequate tension is applied to the construct, the tendon is fixed in place with an interference screw in an inside-out fashion. This minimally invasive approach is a safe and valid alternative to classic open procedures with the obvious advantages of preserving the soft-tissue envelope and using a biologically intact tendon.