Association between intimate partner violence and pregnancy intention: evidence from the Peruvian demographic and health survey.

BACKGROUND: Intimate partner violence (IPV) in Peru represents a significant public health challenge. IPV can influence women's reproductive and social behaviors, undermining fertility control, and exacerbating unintended pregnancies. Our objective was to assess the association between IPV and pregnancy intention among Peruvian women of reproductive age. METHODS: We conducted a secondary analysis of Peru's 2020 Demographic and Family Health Survey data. The independent variable in this study was IPV against women, which includes psychological IPV, sexual IPV, and physical IPV. If a respondent experienced any of these three forms of IPV, the IPV variable was labeled as "yes"; if none were present, it was labeled as "no". The dependent variable was pregnancy intention (no vs. yes). We utilized a generalized linear model (GLM) from the Poisson family with a log link function to assess the relationship between IPV occurrences (total and each IPV type) and pregnancy intention. We report crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). RESULTS: We analyzed data from 8466 women aged 15 to 49. The prevalence of any IPV was 49.6% (psychological IPV: 45.8%; physical IPV: 22.2%; and sexual IPV: 4.3%). Exposure to physical IPV (aPR: 1.05; 95% CI: 1.03-1.07), psychological IPV (aPR: 1.04; 95% CI: 1.02-1.06), and sexual IPV (aPR: 1.09; 95% CI: 1.04-1.13), as well as a history of any IPV (aPR: 1.05; 95% CI: 1.02-1.07), were associated with a higher probability of not intending to become pregnant. This association persisted after adjusting for confounders like age, marital status, educational attainment, education level of the child's father, place of residence, wealth, ethnicity, and parity. CONCLUSION: One in two Peruvian women reported experiencing IPV. An association was observed between IPV exposure and a higher probability of not holding an intention to become pregnant.

Association between witnessing domestic violence against the mother in childhood and intimate partner violence in adulthood: A population-based analysis of Peru.

Objective: To assess the association between witnessing domestic violence against the mother in childhood and intimate partner violence (IPV) in adulthood. Study design: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the 2019 Peruvian Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES). The independent variable was the condition of witnessing physical violence by the father against the mother during childhood. The dependent variable was IPV, defined by the presence of some subtype of violence (physical, psychological, and sexual) against the respondent in the last year by her husband or partner. To assess this association, generalized linear models of the Poisson Family with a logarithmic link function were performed to estimate crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) with their respective 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results: Data from 17,911 Peruvian women between 15 and 59 years of age were analyzed. Most women were between 30 and 49 years old (71.4%), were cohabiting (65.0%), and had secondary education (43.2%). The prevalence of IPV in the last year was 16.0%, and the history of witnessing domestic violence against the mother during childhood was 42.0%. In the regression models, those with the studied exposure showed a higher prevalence of experiencing an episode of IPV in the last year (any IPV [aPR: 1.69; 95% CI: 1.50-1.91]; physical IPV [aPR: 1.70; 95% CI: 1.43-2.02], psychological IPV [aPR: 1.64; 95% CI:1.42-1.88], and sexual IPV [aPR: 1.68; 95% CI: 1.22-2.32]). Conclusions: Women with a history of domestic violence towards their mothers were likelier to have had IPV in the last year than women who did not report violence towards their mothers during childhood. Approximately two in ten Peruvian women reported having had IPV in the past year, and nearly half reported witnessing domestic violence against their mother as a child.

Prevalence of hypertension in adults living at altitude in Latin America and the Caribbean: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the prevalence of hypertension in populations living at altitude in Latin America and the Caribbean. METHODS: We conducted a systematic search from January 1, 2000 to January 10, 2023 in Web of Science (WoS)/Core Collection, WoS/Medline, WoS/Scielo, Scopus, PubMed and Embase databases. We included studies that assessed the prevalence of hypertension in altitude populations (>1500 m.a.s.l.) and these were meta-analyzed using a random-effects model. To assess the sources of heterogeneity, we performed subgroup and meta-regression analyses. RESULTS: Thirty cross-sectional studies (117 406 participants) met the inclusion criteria. Studies used different cut-off points. The prevalence of hypertension in the studies that considered the cut-off point of ≥ 140/90 mmHg in the general population was 19.1%, ≥ 130/85 mmHg was 13.1%, and ≥ 130/80 mmHg was 43.4%. There was a tendency for the prevalence of hypertension to be higher in men. In meta-regression analyses, no association was found between altitude, mean age, year of publication, risk of bias and prevalence of hypertension. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of hypertension in the altitude population of Latin America and the Caribbean is lower than that reported in populations living at sea level and lower than other altitude populations such as Tibetans. PROSPERO: CRD42021275229.

Sociodemographic and educational factors associated with mental health disorders in medical students of clinical years: A multicenter study in Peru.

OBJECTIVE: To identify sociodemographic and educational factors associated with mental health disorders in Peruvian medical students in clinical years. METHODS: Cross-sectional study. We surveyed students from 24 Peruvian medical schools. We defined negative perception of educational environment as having a Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure score below 100 points; we defined anxiety and depression as having more than 4 points on the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 scales, respectively. Poisson regression with robust variance was used to assess the association between negative perception of educational environment and mental health alterations. RESULTS: Among the 808 participants, the prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms was 77.6% and 67.3%, respectively. Negative perception of the educational environment was 31.6%. The factors associated with anxiety were being male (PR = 0.95, 95% CI:0.91-0.98), previous medical condition (Prevalence ratios PR = 1.10, 95% CI:1.05-1.16), previous diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (PR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.93-0.94), being from highlands (PR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.05-1.16), studying at a national university (PR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.88-0.92), and negative perception of the educational environment (PR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.03-1.05), while factors associated with depression were being male (PR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.93-0.95), previous medical condition (PR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.08-1.17), type of university (national) (PR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.95-0.96), and negative perception of the educational environment (PR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.07-1.16). CONCLUSION: We found evidence that during the COVID-19 pandemic anxiety and depression are prevalent among Peruvian medical students. Sociodemographic factors and negative perception of educational environment were associated with the presence of these conditions.

Green space exposure and type 2 diabetes mellitus incidence: A systematic review.

INTRODUCTION: Epidemiological studies have suggested that exposure to green spaces is associated with a lower prevalence of diabetes. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the evidence on green spaces and diabetes mellitus II (T2DM) in longitudinal studies. METHODS: We searched PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science (WoS)/Core Collection, WoS/MEDLINE, and EMBASE until February 2023. We included cohort studies that assessed the incidence of T2DM according to the level of exposure to green spaces. Two authors independently performed study selection, data extraction, and analysis of risk of bias. No meta-analysis was performed due to clinical heterogeneity between studies. RESULTS: We included 13 cohort studies with a sample size ranging from 1700 to 1 922 545 participants. Studies presented different ways of defining (quartiles, percentages) and measuring (tools, buffers) green spaces. Similarly, the definition of T2DM was heterogeneous (self-reports, medical records, clinical criteria). Twelve studies showed that individuals with higher exposure to green spaces had a decreased incidence of T2DM. Out of these 12 studies, 10 revealed statistically significant differences. All studies were of high methodological quality, except for one. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that exposure to green space could be a protective factor for the development of T2DM. Promoting policies to preserve and increase green space could help to reduce T2DM at the community level. More standardization of green space exposure definition is needed in studies on green space and T2DM.

Alineamiento de la producción científica a las prioridades de investigación en el Seguro Social de Salud del Perú: Propuesta de fortalecimiento y descentralización de la investigación / Alignment of scientific production to research priorities in the Peruvian Health Social Health Insurance: Purpose to strengthening and decentralization of research

Introducción: Uno de los indicadores del impacto del establecimiento de prioridades en investigación en salud es la producción científica. EsSalud planteó nueve temas de investigación prioritarios (TIP) y 20 preguntas de investigación prioritarias (PIP) 2017-2019. Evaluamos el alineamiento a estas prioridades de investigación en los artículos científicos publicados con filiación de EsSalud durante 2017-2020, y caracterizamos aquellos financiados por esta institución. Material y Métodos: Análisis de los artículos científicos registrados en la base de datos de producción científica de EsSalud 2017-2020. Empleamos una metodología estandarizada y por duplicado para evaluar el alineamiento a los TIP y PIP 2017-2019 de EsSalud. La evaluación del alineamiento a las PIP sólo lo realizamos en artículos originales y resúmenes de congreso. Reportamos frecuencias de alineamiento a cada TIP y PIP, y frecuencia de alineamiento a por lo menos un TIP según características de los artículos. Además, se reportó las características de los artículos financiados por EsSalud. Resultados: Un total de 170 de 1283 artículos se alinearon a al menos un TIP. Ocho de las veinte PIP no fueron respondidas. Los artículos con autores que pertenecen o recibieron financiamiento del IETSI-EsSalud tuvieron la mayor tasa de alineación. Finalmente, los artículos financiados por EsSalud fueron principalmente estudios observacionales, guías de práctica clínica y revisiones sistemáticas. Conclusión: Los artículos científicos publicados con filiación de EsSalud durante el 2017 al 2020 tienen baja alineación con las prioridades de investigación de la institución. Por lo tanto, es necesario generar un proceso de gestión de implementación, seguimiento y evaluación de las prioridades de investigación en la institución.

Background: One of the impact indicators of priorities in health research-setting is the scientific production that refers to these priorities. EsSalud raised nine priority research topics (PRT) and 20 priority research questions (PRQ) for the 2017-2019 period. We assess the alignment to these research priorities in the scientific articles published during the 2017-2020 period by EsSalud, and we characterize those financed by this institution. Material and Methods: Analysis of the scientific articles registered in the EsSalud scientific production database for the period 2017-2020. We used a standardized methodology and in duplicate to evaluate the alignment of a scientific article to the PRTand PRQ 2017-2019 of EsSalud. The evaluation of the alignment to the PRQs is only carried out in original articles and congress summaries. We report alignment frequencies to each PRTand PRQ, and we report the frequency of alignment to at least one PRT according to the articles' characteristics. In addition, the characteristics of the articles financed by EsSalud were reported. Results: 170 out of 1283 articles were aligned to at least one PRT. Eight of the twenty PRQs went unanswered. Articles with authors who belong to or received funding from IETSI-EsSalud had the highest alignment rate. Finally, the highly cited articles financed by EsSalud were mainly observational studies, clinical practice guidelines and systematic reviews. Conclusion: The articles published by EsSalud during 2017 to 2020 have low alignment with institutional research priorities. Furthermore, it is necessary a process of implementation, monitoring, and evaluation of research priorities in the institution.

Producción científica y redes de colaboración en la Seguridad Social del Perú (EsSalud): Análisis bibliométrico 2008-2020 / Scientific production and collaborative networks in Peruvian Social Security (EsSalud): Bibliometric analysis 2008-2020

Introducción: La producción científica de EsSalud ha aumentado progresivamente. Sin embargo, no se ha descrito su producción científica e identificado sus redes de colaboración en las principales bases de datos bibliográficas a nivel internacional. Objetivos: Describir la producción científica de EsSalud en revistas científicas indizadas durante el periodo 2008-2020. Material y Métodos: Estudio bibliométrico que evaluó artículos científicos y resúmenes de congresos, con al menos una filiación institucional relacionada a EsSalud entre sus autores, que se encuentren indizadas en las bases de datos bibliográficas de Scopus, Web of Science, Ovid-Medline o Scielo Citation Index durante el periodo 2008-2020. Se reporta la producción científica anual total y por separado, según base. Se identificaron las redes de colaboración intra y extrainstitucionales. Resultados: Se obtuvieron 4159 registros y, tras aplicar los criterios de selección, quedaron 2333 artículos. Se observó un incremento de publicaciones en todas las bases de datos, excepto en Scielo Citation Index. La mayoría de los artículos fueron originales, observacionales y autofinanciados. Dos hospitales nacionales de EsSalud aportaron casi dos tercios de toda la producción científica evaluada. Se identifico poca colaboración entre instituciones de EsSalud de Lima con las de otras regiones y entre regiones, pero sí con las universidades locales. El área médica que más fue abordada por las publicaciones científicas fue la relacionada con las especialidades de medicina clínica. Conclusiones: La producción científica de EsSalud ha aumentado y ha mejorado en calidad, con una importante colaboración con universidades locales. Es importante impulsar iniciativas que promuevan la investigación y colaboración dentro de EsSalud, en el marco de las prioridades de investigación y de las principales causas de mayor carga de enfermedad en la institución y el país.

Background: Scientific production of Social Security in Perú (EsSalud) has progressively increased. However, there is no description of its scientific production and collaboration networks in relevant international databases. Objectives: Describe the scientific production of EsSalud in indexed journals during the 2008-2020 period. Material and Methods: Bibliometric study that evaluated scientific articles and meeting abstracts,with at least one institutional affiliation related to EsSalud among its authors, indexed in the Scopus, Web of Science, Ovid-Medline, or Scielo Citation Index databases published during the period 2008-2020. The total annual scientific production is reported and separately according to base. Intra and extra-institutional collaboration networks were evaluated. 4159 records were Results: obtained and, after applying the selection criteria, 2333 articles remained. Scientific production from all data bases, except for the Scielo Citation Index, had a progressive increase. Most of articles were original, observational, and self-funded. Two national hospitals from EsSalud accounted for almost two-thirds of all analyzed scientific production. Institutions from Lima had little collaboration with other institutions from other regions, leading to little interregional collaboration. On the other side, there was a noticeable collaboration with local universities. The medical area that was most addressed by scientific publications was that related to clinical medicine specialties. EsSalud's Conclusions:scientific production number and quality had increased during last years in collaboration with local universities.It is important to promote initiatives thar boost the research and collaboration within EsSalud's institutions,emphasizing research priorities and the leading causes of national morbidity and mortality.

Serie de Redacción Científica: Diseño y publicación de reportes de casos y series de casos / Scientific Writing Series: Design and publication of case reports and case series

Introducción: Los reportes de casos y series de casos son una fuente importante de conocimientos, sin embargo, solo aportan evidencias científicas de baja calidad. Este tipo de estudios son muy comunes en el campo médico, porque permiten formular nuevas hipótesis y reportar de manera estructurada patologías nuevas y raras, así como complicaciones o eventos adversos de medicamentos. Es por ello que el objetivo primario de un reporte de casos o serie de casos es aportar al conocimiento científico. Para publicar estos estudios se recomienda seguir las recomendaciones de la declaración CARE con el fin de garantizar un reporte estructurado con el mínimo de información pertinente y relevante para hacer una interpretación clara y precisa de los hallazgos de este. El objetivo de esta revisión es proporcionar una guía de redacción científica de reportes de casos y series de casos y maximizar su publicidad en revistas indizadas revisadas por pares.

Background:Case reports and case series are essential sources of knowledge; however, they only provide low-quality scientific evidence. These studies are common in the medical field because they allow to formulate new hypotheses and to report new and rare pathologies in a structured way and complications or adverse drug events. Hence, the primary objective of a case report or case series is contributing to the scientific knowledge. To publishing these studies, it is recommended to follow the CARE statement's recommendations to guarantee a structured report with a minimum of pertinent and relevant information to make a clear and precise interpretation of the findings. This review aims to provide a scientific writing guide for case reports and case series and maximize their publicity in indexed peer-reviewed journals.