Climate change is associated with higher phytoplankton biomass and longer blooms in the West Antarctic Peninsula.

The Antarctic Peninsula (West Antarctica) marine ecosystem has undergone substantial changes due to climate-induced shifts in atmospheric and oceanic temperatures since the 1950s. Using 25 years of satellite data (1998-2022), this study presents evidence that phytoplankton biomass and bloom phenology in the West Antarctic Peninsula are significantly changing as a response to anthropogenic climate change. Enhanced phytoplankton biomass was observed along the West Antarctic Peninsula, particularly in the early austral autumn, resulting in longer blooms. Long-term sea ice decline was identified as the main driver enabling phytoplankton growth in early spring and autumn, in parallel with a recent intensification of the Southern Annular Mode (2010-ongoing), which was observed to influence regional variability. Our findings contribute to the understanding of the complex interplay between environmental changes and phytoplankton responses in this climatically key region of the Southern Ocean and raise important questions regarding the far-reaching consequences that these ecological changes may have on global carbon sequestration and Antarctic food webs in the future.

Effects of an Anti-Fertility Product on Reproductive Structures of Common Vole Males and Residues of Compounds.

Some rodent species cause significant damage to agriculture and forestry, and some can transmit pathogens to humans and livestock. The common vole (Microtus arvalis) is widespread in Europe, and its population outbreaks have resulted in massive crop loss. Bait-based fertility control could contribute to rodent pest management. Bait containing 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD) and triptolide (TP), registered as ContraPest®, was delivered to male common voles for 14 or 28 consecutive days. The effects on reproductive structures and residues in the liver and testes were assessed. There was no effect on testis weight, sperm viability, sperm motility and oxidative stress in sperm cells. Results regarding the mitochondrial membrane potential of sperm, DNA fragmentation and progressively motile sperm cells were inconclusive. However, there was an increase in morphological sperm defects in voles treated for 14/28 days and fewer normal sperm cells in voles treated for 28 days. There were no TP residues in the testes, few and low TP residues and no VCD residues in liver tissues, making considerable secondary exposure to non-target species unlikely. Treatments with VCD + TP seemed to have minor effects on the reproductive organs of males. Further studies should evaluate the effect of VCD + TP on females and on the reproductive success of common voles and other pest rodent species.

ß-Adrenergic Stimulation-Induced PVAT Dysfunction in Male Sex: A Role for 11ß-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase-1.

Long-term ß-adrenoceptor (ß-AR) stimulation is a pathological mechanism associated with cardiovascular diseases resulting in endothelial and perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) dysfunction. In this study, we aimed to identify whether ß-adrenergic signaling has a direct effect on PVAT. Thoracic aorta PVAT was obtained from male Wistar rats and cultured ex vivo with the ß-AR agonist isoproterenol (Iso; 1 µM) or vehicle for 24 hours. Conditioned culture medium (CCM) from Iso-treated PVAT induced a marked increase in aorta contractile response, induced oxidative stress, and reduced nitric oxide production in PVAT compared to vehicle. In addition, Iso-treated PVAT and PVAT-derived differentiated adipocytes exhibited higher corticosterone release and protein expression of 11ß-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11ß-HSD1), an enzyme responsible for de novo synthesis of corticosterone. Macrophages exposed to Iso also exhibited increased corticosterone release in response to ß-AR stimulation. Incubation of Iso-treated PVAT and PVAT-derived differentiated adipocytes with ß3-AR antagonist restored aorta contractile function modulated by Iso-CCM and normalized 11ß-HSD1 protein expression. These results show that ß3-AR signaling leads to upregulation of 11ß-HSD1 in PVAT, thus increasing corticosterone release and contributing to impair the anticontractile function of this tissue.

Clinical guidelines for posterior restorations based on Coverage, Adhesion, Resistance, Esthetics, and Subgingival management. The CARES concept: Part II - full-contour resistive crowns with vertical preparation.

Restoration of posterior teeth with different extents of tissue loss has been a matter of debate in the literature. There are several recommendations and guidelines on when, how, and why to perform adhesive restorations (onlays, overlays, and endocrowns) or resistance form restorations (full-contour resistive crowns). In Part I of this three-part article series, the authors focused on adhesive partial restorations. In that article, the evidence was extensively described, and a clinically reasonable thought process was suggested for these decisions based on Coverage of susceptible cusps, Adhesion advantages and limitations, Resistance forms to be implemented, Esthetic concerns, and Subgingival management - the CARES concept. Now, in Part II, the focus is on clinical decisions for full-contour resistive crowns regarding their indications based on remaining tooth structure, materials, and different preparation designs as well as the particularities of vertical marginal preparations, perio-restorative considerations, and esthetic challenges.

Butyrate restores the fat/lean mass ratio balance and energy metabolism and reinforces the tight junction-mediated intestinal epithelial barrier in prediabetic mice independently of its anti-inflammatory and epigenetic actions.

Tissue/cellular actions of butyrate on energy metabolism and intestinal barrier in normal metabolic conditions or prediabetes are still unclear. In this work, we investigated the beneficial effect of dietary supplementation with sodium butyrate on energy metabolism, body mass composition, and intestinal epithelial barrier mediated by tight junction (TJ) in chow diet-fed normal and high-fat diet (HF)-fed prediabetic mice, considering the well-known butyrate action as an epigenetic and inflammatory regulator. Butyrate significantly reduced the fat/lean mass ratio, slightly ameliorated dyslipidemia, restored oral glucose tolerance, and increased basal energy expenditure in prediabetic HF-fed mice but had no effect on control animals. Such effects were observed in the absence of significant alterations in the hypothalamic expression of orexigenic and anorexigenic genes and motor activity. Also, butyrate suppressed the whitening effect of HF on brown adipose tissue but did not affect cell bioenergetics in immortalized UCP1-positive adipocytes in vitro. Butyrate reinforced the intestinal epithelial barrier in HF-fed mice and in Caco-2 monolayers, which involved higher trafficking of TJ proteins to the cell-cell contact region of the intestinal epithelia, without affecting TJ gene expression or the acetylation level of histones H3 and H4 in vivo. All metabolic and intestinal effects of butyrate in prediabetic mice occurred in the absence of detectable changes in systemic or local inflammation, or alterations in endotoxemia markers. Butyrate has no effect on chow diet-fed mice but, in the context of HF-induced prediabetes, it prevents metabolic and intestinal dysfunctions independently of its anti-inflammatory and epigenetic actions.

Physical-biological drivers modulating phytoplankton seasonal succession along the Northern Antarctic Peninsula.

The Northern Antarctic Peninsula (NAP) shows shifts in phytoplankton distribution and composition along its warming marine ecosystems. However, despite recent efforts to mechanistically understand these changes, little focus has been given to the phytoplankton seasonal succession, remaining uncertainties regarding to distribution patterns of emerging taxa along the NAP. To fill this gap, we collected phytoplankton (pigment and microscopy analysis) and physico-chemical datasets during spring and summer (November, February and March) of 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 off the NAP. Satellite measurements (sea surface temperature, sea ice concentration and chlorophyll-a) were used to extend the temporal coverage of analysis associated with the in situ sampling. We improved the quantification and distribution pattern of emerging taxa, such as dinoflagellates and cryptophytes, and described a contrasting seasonal behavior and distinct fundamental niche between centric and pennate diatoms. Cryptophytes and pennate diatoms preferentially occupied relatively shallower mixing layers compared with centric diatoms and dinoflagellates, suggesting differences between these groups in distribution and environment occupation over the phytoplankton seasonal succession. Under colder conditions, negative sea surface temperature anomalies were associated with positive anomalies of sea ice concentration and duration. Therefore, based on sea ice-phytoplankton growth relationship, large phytoplankton biomass accumulation was expected during the spring/summer of 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 along the NAP. However, there was a decoupling between sea ice concentration/duration and phytoplankton biomass, characterizing two seasonal periods of low biomass accumulation (negative chlorophyll-a anomalies), associated with the top-down control in the region. These results provide an improved mechanistic understanding on physical-biological drivers modulating phytoplankton seasonal succession along the Antarctic coastal waters.

Cryptophytes: An emerging algal group in the rapidly changing Antarctic Peninsula marine environments.

The western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) is a climatically sensitive region where foundational changes at the basis of the food web have been recorded; cryptophytes are gradually outgrowing diatoms together with a decreased size spectrum of the phytoplankton community. Based on a 11-year (2008-2018) in-situ dataset, we demonstrate a strong coupling between biomass accumulation of cryptophytes, summer upper ocean stability, and the mixed layer depth. Our results shed light on the environmental conditions favoring the cryptophyte success in coastal regions of the WAP, especially during situations of shallower mixed layers associated with lower diatom biomass, which evidences a clear competition or niche segregation between diatoms and cryptophytes. We also unravel the cryptophyte photo-physiological niche by exploring its capacity to thrive under high light stress normally found in confined stratified upper layers. Such conditions are becoming more frequent in the Antarctic coastal waters and will likely have significant future implications at various levels of the marine food web. The competitive advantage of cryptophytes in environments with significant light level fluctuations was supported by laboratory experiments that revealed a high flexibility of cryptophytes to grow in different light conditions driven by a fast photo-regulating response. All tested physiological parameters support the hypothesis that cryptophytes are highly flexible regarding their growing light conditions and extremely efficient in rapidly photo-regulating changes to environmental light levels. This plasticity would give them a competitive advantage in exploiting an ecological niche where light levels fluctuate quickly. These findings provide new insights on niche separation between diatoms and cryptophytes, which is vital for a thorough understanding of the WAP marine ecosystem.

White Matter Hyperintensities and Poststroke Apathy: A Fully Automated MRI Segmentation Study.

INTRODUCTION: Poststroke apathy (PSA) is a common neuropsychiatric disorder that may affect up to 30% of stroke patients. Despite the difficulties of investigating this condition (overlapping with depression, heterogeneity of diagnostic criteria, a small number of studies), some recent diffusion tensor imaging studies have suggested that widespread microstructural white matter (WM) disruption plays a key role in the development of PSA. Therefore, we intended to investigate this hypothesis by evaluating the relationship between WM hyperintensities (WMH) and apathy in patients with cerebrovascular disease. METHODS: We studied patients with apathy (n = 7), depression (n = 13), comorbid apathy and depression (n = 13), and controls (n = 20), and we investigated the variables associated with the volume of WMH measured by an automated brain MRI segmentation software. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of PSA was 37.7% (pure and comorbid). Patients with apathy presented a higher volume of WMH in comparison to controls. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), NPI-A, and the number of cerebral microbleeds were the only variables associated with WMH. Conversely, NPI-D did not correlate to WMH. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION: This is an exploratory study that supports the view of PSA as a distinct syndrome from PSD mediated mainly by diffuse white matter hyperintensities, which suggests that WM disruption is an important pathway to the development of apathy in stroke patients.

Os efeitos políticos e clínicos da governamentalidade neoliberal: um ensaio psicanalítico / Efectos políticos y clínicos de la gubernamentalidad neoliberal: un ensayo psicoanalítico / Clinical and political effects of neoliberal governmentality: a psychoanalytic essay

RESUMO. Motivados pela proposição metodológica foucaultiana de uma 'história do presente' e suas contribuições, este trabalho visa problematizar a emergência dos saberes pragmáticos e tecnológicos empresariais como ferramentas da governamentalidade neoliberal na construção do Homo Oeconomicus enquanto 'sujeito empresário de si', assim como debater seus efeitos para o sujeito e para as subjetividades contemporâneas. Através de uma revisão bibliográfica narrativa, partimos de uma possível interlocução da discussão foucaultiana com a constatação lacaniana do funcionamento do discurso do capitalista e seus efeitos clínicos e políticos, que vão desde a adoção de uma pragmática do apoliticismo até o limite da dessubjetivação do sujeito. Ressaltamos que o discurso neoliberal promoveu uma desterritorialização dos ideais transcendentes modernos e ofereceu como espaço de reterritorialização o mercado enquanto grande Outro (A), onde o real da luta de classes é apagado em nome de um ideal em que o sujeito reclama seu direito a um gozo ilimitado. Nesse cenário, apostamos numa posição subversiva e avessa para o sujeito frente às estratégias do discurso capitalista, posição esta que pode atuar como um modelo de resistência ao pior.

RESUMEN. Motivado por la propuesta metodológica foucaultiana de una 'historia del presente' y sus contribuciones, este trabajo tiene como objetivo problematizar el surgimiento del conocimiento empresarial pragmático y tecnológico como herramientas de gubernamentalidad neoliberal en la construcción del Homo Oeconomicus como un 'sujeto de autoemprendimiento', así como para debatir su efectos para el sujeto y para las subjetividades contemporáneas. Mediante revisión bibliográfica, partimos de una posible interlocución de la discusión foucaultiana con la observación lacaniana del funcionamiento del discurso del capitalista y sus efectos clínicos y políticos, que van desde la adopción de un apolitismo pragmático hasta el límite de la desubjetivación del sujeto. Hacemos hincapié en que el discurso neoliberal promovió una desterritorialización de los ideales modernos trascendentes y ofreció al mercado como un gran Outro (A) como un espacio para la reterritorialización, donde el real de la lucha de clases se borra en nombre de un ideal en el que el sujeto reclama su derecho a un disfrute ilimitado En este escenario, apostamos por una posición subversiva y opuesta para el sujeto en relación con las estrategias del discurso capitalista, una posición que puede actuar como modelo de resistencia a lo peor.

ABSTRACT. Moved by Foucault's methodological proposition of a 'history of the present' and its contributions, this work aims to problematize the emergence of the entrepreneurial pragmatic and technological knowledges as the neoliberal governmentality's tools in the construction of the Homo Oeconomicus as a 'subject entrepreneur of himself', as well as to debate its effects for the subject and the contemporary subjectivities. Through a bibliographic review, we start from a possible dialogue between the foucauldian discussion and the lacanian constatation of the operation of capitalism's discourse and its clinical and political effects, that range from the adoption of apoliticism's pragmatism to the limit of the subject's desubjectivation. We emphasize that the neoliberal discourse promoted a deterritorialization of the modern transcendent ideals and offered, as a space for reterritorialization, the market as the big Other (A), where the Real of the class conflict is erased in the name of an ideal in which the subject claims its right to an unlimited jouissance. In this scenario, we trust in a subversive and averse position for the subject in front of the capitalist discourse's strategies; such a position that can act as a model of resistance against the worse.

Chemotaxonomic characterization of the key genera of diatoms in the Northern Antarctic Peninsula.

Diatoms are successful in occupying a wide range of ecological niches and biomes along the global ocean. Although there is a recognized importance of diatoms for the Southern Ocean ecosystems and biogeochemical cycles, the current knowledge on their ecology and distribution along the impacted Antarctic coastal regions remains generalized at best. HPLC-CHEMTAX approaches have been extensively used to this purpose, providing valuable information about the whole phytoplankton community, even for those small-size species which are normally difficult to identify by light microscopy. Despite that, the chemotaxonomic method has reserved minimal focus on great diversity of types associated with diatom genera or species. Here, we show a coupling between the key genera and the corresponding chemotaxonomic subgroup type-A or type-B of diatoms via HPLC-CHEMTAX and microscopic analysis, using chlorophyll-c 1 and chlorophyll-c 3 as biomarker pigments, respectively. The results demonstrated strong correlations for nine of the fifteen most abundant diatom genera observed along the Northern Antarctic Peninsula, from which five (four) were statistically associated with chlorophyll-c 1 (chlorophyll-c 3). Our study highlights the importance to observe diatoms in greater detail, beyond being only one functional group, for a better understanding on their responses under a climate change scenario.

Analysis of goal scoring patterns and match outcome during the Intercontinental Beach Soccer Cup Dubai 2019

Abstract Aim: To characterize the goal-scoring patterns and investigate the goal process on match outcome during the Intercontinental Beach Soccer Cup Dubai 2019. Methods: A set of 35 goal-scoring patterns were grouped into nine macro-categories: Match-period, Court-zone, Set-play, Open-play, Touching by players before the goal, Offensive method, Goalkeeper-line, Number of passes before the goal, and Ball trajectory. Match outcome in regular time was considered the matches resulting in a loss (n=16), draw (n=8), or win (n=16). The offensive sequences that resulted in the goal were analyzed in all 20 matches during the competition (n=138 goals). Results: The most goals were scored in Open-play (69%), during the 2nd and 3rd periods (36% for each), near to goal (Zone 4; 50%), preceded by 1-touch (67%) and 0-pass (29%), using positional attack (46%), without goalkeeper-line (68%), and with high-ball trajectory (51%). In addition, won matches presented a higher number of goals in Zone 4, 1-touch, Counterattack, 4v4 goal-successful, Receiving pass, Sand-touch, and High-ball compared to draw and loss matches (p<0.001−0.03; Effect Size [ES]=1.24−2.58, large). Conclusion: In summary, winning teams scored their goals mainly in open-play situations and without a goalkeeper-line, using counterattacks to achieve zones near the opponent's goals, and implementing a direct offensive style. In addition, goals scored were usually preceded by 1-touch, both through high-ball and sand-touch ball trajectory. Coaches and practitioners may consider these goal processes to train prescription and deep understanding of the process to goal in elite Beach soccer.

O laço social na construção identitária do alcoólico anônimo / The social bond in the construction of the anonymouns alcoholic's identity / El vínculo social en la construcción de la identidad del alcohóloco anónimo

A diversidade de grupos anônimos no âmbito social compõe um panorama maior de coletivos identitários que reivindicam sua diferença e distinção social. Considerando a primazia histórica da Irmandade Alcoólicos Anônimos (AA), este artigo discute a construção identitária e social do alcoólico anônimo. Recorremos à literatura oficial da Irmandade como fonte de dados e à teoria psicanalítica como referencial teórico para a análise dos resultados. Constatamos que a construção identitária do alcoólico anônimo se estabelece a partir de um engajamento a Irmandade, sendo seu funcionamento pautado nos ideais de fraternidade, anonimato e abstinência alcoólica. Entre os AA, a identificação sintomática com o alcoolismo pressupõe o vínculo fraternal, funcionando como uma reparação imaginária no trabalho de construção do alcoolista anônimo. Concluímos que a produção identitária "alcoólico anônimo" consiste na adesão a uma nova forma de vida, cujos efeitos são de segregação ao laço social e de alienação ao Outro institucional (AU).

In contemporaneity, the presence of several anonymous groups composes a diverse set of identity groups that claim their difference and distinction. Considering the historicity of the Brotherhood of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), this article analyzes the identity construction of the anonymous alcoholic and its relationship with the social bond. We used the official literature of the Brotherhood as a data source and the psychoanalytic theory as a theoretical reference for the analysis of the results. We find that the identity construction of the anonymous alcoholic establishes, in principle, from an institutional engagement to the AA, being its operation based on the ideals of brotherhood, anonymity and alcohol abstinence. Among AA the symptomatic identification with the alcoholism disease occurs concomitant to the establishment of the fraternal bond that functions as an imaginary and egoic repair for the alcoholic in his work of identity production. We conclude that the "anonymous alcoholic" identity construction is equivalent to the purpose of the therapeutic proposal of AA that consists in the adhesion to a new way of life, whose effects are of segregation to the social bond and of alienation to the Institutional Other (AU).

En nuestra era contemporánea, la presencia de innumerables grupos anónimos constituye un panorama diverso de grupos de identidad que reclaman su diferencia y distinción. Considerando la primacía histórica de la Hermandad Alcohólicos Anónimos (AA), este artículo discute la construcción de identidad del alcohólico anónimo y su relación con el vínculo social. Utilizamos la literatura oficial de la Hermandad como fuente de datos y la teoría psicoanalítica como marco teórico para el análisis de resultados. Descubrimos que la construcción de la identidad del alcohólico anónimo se establece, al principio, a partir de un compromiso institucional con AA, y su funcionamiento se basa en los ideales de fraternidad, anonimato y abstinencia de alcohol. Entre los AA, la identificación sintomática con el alcoholismo de la enfermedad ocurre simultáneamente con el establecimiento del vínculo fraterno que funciona como una reparación imaginaria y egoica para el alcohólico en su trabajo de construcción de identidad. Concluimos que la producción de identidad "alcohólica anónima" es equivalente al propósito de la propuesta terapéutica de AA, que consiste en adherirse a una nueva forma de vida, cuyos efectos son la segregación del vínculo social y la alienación del Otro institucional (AU)

Simultaneous detection of sperm membrane integrity and DNA fragmentation by flow cytometry: A novel and rapid tool for sperm analysis.

BACKGROUND: Sperm DNA integrity has become one of the most discussed and promising biomarkers for the assessment of male fertility. However, an easy-to-apply method capable of estimating DNA fragmentation in the live fraction of spermatozoa has remained elusive, preventing this parameter from being fully applied in clinical settings. OBJECTIVES: To validate a novel co-staining for the analysis of DNA fragmentation in membrane-intact spermatozoa. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Normozoospermic semen samples were used to validate the co-staining consisting of acridine orange (AO) and LIVE/DEAD™ Fixable Blue Dead Cell Stain (LD), against established methods for the evaluation of cell viability, propidium iodide stain (PI), and DNA fragmentation, the sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA), to rule out cross-interference. Furthermore, the accuracy of the method was tested by the evaluation of samples prepared with different amounts of membrane and DNA damage (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100%). RESULTS: No significant differences were observed between the co-staining and the established staining procedures (membrane integrity, p = 0.755; DNA fragmentation p = 0.976). Moreover, high R square values were obtained from the analysis of samples of known membrane (R2  = 0.9959) and DNA damage (R2  = 0.9843). The simultaneous assaying of sperm membrane integrity and nuclear DNA fragmentation allowed the analysis of four sperm categories and thereby to assess the proportion of membrane-intact spermatozoa with compromised DNA integrity. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: This new protocol has the potential to provide clinically relevant information about the DNA fragmentation in membrane-intact spermatozoa. Thus, it has the potential of improving the diagnostic of male infertility and enabling a better understanding of sperm dysfunction.

O lugar da crença no programa terapêutico da irmandade Alcoólicos Anônimos: um estudo psicanalítico / The function of belief in the therapeutic program of the Alcoholics Anonymous brotherhood: a psychoanalytic study / La fonction de la croyance dans le programme thérapeutique de la fraternité Alcooliques Anonymes: une étude psychanalytique

Este artigo de revisão narrativa tem como objetivo discutir a função da crença no programa terapêutico de doze passos dos Alcoólicos Anônimos (AA). Como procedimento metodológico, realizamos um estudo bibliográfico sobre a literatura de AA (livros, livretos, revistas e folders) que apresentam relatos pessoais sobre a experiência da crença. Para a análise dos dados, utilizamos o referencial teórico psicanalítico em sua vertente freudolacaniana. Constatamos que para os AA a crença em um "poder superior" e a experiência do "despertar espiritual" constituem princípios necessários para a construção de uma moral de vida. O programa dos doze passos se apropria de elementos cristãos e filosóficos pragmatistas se apresentando como um saber-fazer padronizado. Conclui-se que na literatura de AA o agenciamento do saber-fazer pragmático e a produção massiva e identitária do alcoólico anônimo apontam para uma prevalência do discurso universitário como modo de aparelhamento do gozo entre os AA.

This narrative review article aims to discuss the role of belief in the Twelve Step Therapeutic Program of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA). The method used was the bibliographic study about AA literature (books, booklets, periodicals and folders) that present personal reports about the belief experience. For the analysis of the data, we use the psychoanalytic theoretical framework in its Freudian and Lacanian aspects. We find that for AAs belief in a "higher power", and experience of "spiritual awakening", constitute principles necessary for building a morality of life. The twelve-step program appropriates Christian and philosophical pragmatist elements as a standardized know-how. It is concluded that in AA literature the exercise of pragmatic know-how and mass identity production of the anonymous alcoholic indicate a prevalence of university discourse as a mode of agency of enjoyment among AA.

Cet article de révision sur la narration, a pour objectif d'échangé sur la fonction de la croyance dans le programme thérapeutique d'un alcoolique anonyme. Avec une procédure méthodologique. Nous avons réalisé une étude bibliographique, à partir des différentes littératures d'alcooliques anonymes (livre, livre de poche, revue, dossier) qui présentent des rapports personnels sur l'expérience de la croyance. Pour l'analyse des données, nous avons utilisé un référentiel psychanalytique sur la théorie freudienne et la théorie lacanienne. Nous avons constaté que pour les alcoolique anonymes, la croyance a un "pouvoir supérieur" et une expérience de la "suscitation spirituelle" constituent des principes nécessaires pour la construction d'une moral sur la vie. Le programme des 12 étapes qui s'approprie d'éléments chrétiens et philosophiques pragmatiques, qui présentent un savoir-faire padronisé. Conclu que la littérature de l'alcoolique anonyme est agencée à partir du savoir-faire pragmatique et la production massive ainsi qu'identitaire de celui-ci. Avec un penchant pour la prévalence du discours universitaire comme mode de comparaison et d'utilisation entre les alcooliques anonymes.

A invenção dos Alcoólicos Anônimos: alcoolismo e subjetivação / The invention of Alcoholics Anonymous: alcoholism and subjectivation / La invención de los Alcohólicos Anónimos: alcoholismo y subjetivación

O surgimento do alcoolismo como categoria médica no final século XIX foi contemporânea as intervenções médicas nas massas populacionais urbanas. Mais adiante, os Alcoólicos Anônimos (AA) surgem como uma irmandade com o propósito de tratar a "doença alcoólica" partindo de preceitos metódicos e espiritualistas. Este artigo objetiva discutir a constituição histórica e genealógica dos AA, destacando seus efeitos subjetivos em torno da categoria alcoolismo. Empreendemos um estudo bibliográfico utilizando a produção escrita dos AA, analisando os dados a partir da perspectiva foucaultiana. Constatamos que os AA individualizaram o diagnóstico de alcoolismo, até então concebido como uma doença social. Concluímos que os AA reformularam a concepção de doença alcoólica dando-lhe uma conotação subjetiva e inauguraram uma terapêutica pragmática cujo efeito foi uma nova construção identitária calcada em uma moral de vida

The emergence of alcoholism as a medical category in the late nineteenth century was contemporary to medical interventions in the urban masses. Later, Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) emerged as a brotherhood for the purpose of treating 'alcoholic disease' from methodical and spiritualistic precepts. This article aims to discuss the historical and genealogical constitution of AA, highlighting its subjective effects around the category alcoholism. We conducted a bibliographic study using the written production of AA, analyzing the data from the Foucaultian perspective. We found that AA individualized the diagnosis of alcoholism, which was previously conceived as a social disease. We conclude that AA reformulated the conception of alcoholic disease giving it a subjective connotation and inaugurated a pragmatic therapy whose effect was a new identity construction based on a moral of life

El surgimiento del alcoholismo como categoría médica alfinal del siglo XIX fue contemporáneo a las intervenciones médicas en las masas populares urbanas. Mas adelante, los Alcohólicos Anónimos (AA) surgen como una hermandad con el propósito de tratar la 'enfermedad alcohólica' partiendo de preceptos metódicos y espiritualistas. Este artículo tiene como objetivo discutir la constitución histórica y genealógica de los AA, destacando sus efectos subjetivos en torno de la categoría alcoholismo. Emprendemos un estudio bibliográfico utilizando la producción escrita de los AA, analizando los dados a partir de la perspectiva de Foucault. Constatamos que los AA individualizaron el diagnóstico de alcoholismo, hasta entonces considerado como una enfermedad social. Concluimos que los AA reformularon la concepción de enfermedad alcohólica dándole una connotación subjetiva y inauguraron una terapéutica pragmática cuyo efecto fue una nueva construcción de identidad fundamentado en una moral de vida

Spectral features of nuclear DNA in human sperm assessed by Raman Microspectroscopy: Effects of UV-irradiation and hydration.

Raman Microspectroscopy represents an innovative tool for the assessment of sperm biochemical features otherwise undetectable by routine semen analysis. Previously, it was shown that induced DNA damage can be detected in smeared sperm by this technique. This novel readout may be of value for clinical settings especially if it can be transferred to living cells. Yet, starting with living sperms this study was carried-out using a variety of conditions to disclose the Raman features of sperm nuclei under different hydration conditions and UV exposure. Human sperm were immobilized and Raman spectra were obtained from individual sperm as repeated measurements. To create conditions with controlled DNA damage, sperm samples were exposed to ultraviolet light. Several media were used to evaluate their effect on Raman spectra in aqueous conditions. To substantiate differences between the experimental conditions, the spectra were analyzed by Principal Component Analysis. We observed that spectra of sperm nuclei obtained in different solutions showed a qualitatively unchanged spectral pattern showing the principal signals related to DNA. Evaluating the effect of ultraviolet light generated the finding that spectra representing DNA damage were only observed in dry conditions but not in aqueous medium. Thus, Raman microspectroscopy was successfully applied for sperm analysis in different conditions, among them in live spermatozoa in aqueous solution during the initial measurement, revealing the principle use of this technique. However, implementation of Raman spectroscopy as a technique for clinical sperm analysis and selection may be especially relevant when DNA evaluation can be established using live sperm.